固定化N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱酰基酶拆分消旋蛋氨酸

基因工程菌BL21/pET22b-argE可高效表达N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱酰基酶。将含酶细胞包埋于海藻酸钙凝胶中制成固定化细胞酶,用于消旋蛋氨酸的拆分,并将其拆分能力、拆分速度及操作稳定性与游离细胞酶相比较。结果表明:单批次转化固定化细胞酶的拆分能力和游离细胞酶相近,拆分速度较慢;但多批次转化的操作稳定性显著高于游离细胞酶。重复利用8次后的固定化细胞酶仍保有95%以上的酶活力,重复利用5次后的游离细胞酶活已降至20%左右。每克湿菌泥在游离和固定化条件下重复拆分产L-蛋氨酸的量分别为74.16mmol和241.93mmol。酶拆分液中的L-蛋氨酸经重结晶后光学纯度为98.3%。固定化细胞酶比游离细胞酶更具有工业化应用的潜质。     

DA-F127水凝胶包埋固定化含腈水合酶细胞

腈水合酶是一类可催化腈类化合物转化生成相应酰胺类物质的酶。含腈水合酶的游离细胞催化水合反应存在酶容易失活、细胞无法重复利用、分离纯化困难等缺陷,细胞固定化技术可有效解决这些问题。为探索合适的固定化方法,以含腈水合酶的重组E. coli细胞为研究对象,以固定化酶活回收率和批次反应情况为评价指标,筛选比较了几种常用的包埋固定化方法。结果表明,DA-F127水凝胶包埋固定化细胞不仅具有较高的酶活回收率,而且稳定性也很好。对该方法进行了固定化条件和操作稳定性优化,当DA-F127浓度为15%、UV光源距离为20cm、光照时间为6min、菌体含量为20mg/g固定化细胞时,酶活回收率为89. 74%,并且可以催化9批次150g/L的3-氰基吡啶完成转化,第九批次转化率可达98. 26%。与游离细胞催化过程相比,单位质量游离细胞的烟酰胺产量提高了12倍,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

DA-F127水凝胶包埋固定化含腈水合酶细胞

腈水合酶是一类可催化腈类化合物转化生成相应酰胺类物质的酶。含腈水合酶的游离细胞催化水合反应存在酶容易失活、细胞无法重复利用、分离纯化困难等缺陷,细胞固定化技术可有效解决这些问题。为探索合适的固定化方法,以含腈水合酶的重组E.coli细胞为研究对象,以固定化酶活回收率和批次反应情况为评价指标,筛选比较了几种常用的包埋固定化方法。结果表明,DA-F127水凝胶包埋固定化细胞不仅具有较高的酶活回收率,而且稳定性也很好。对该方法进行了固定化条件和操作稳定性优化,当DA-F127浓度为15%、UV光源距离为20cm、光照时间为6min、菌体含量为20mg/g 固定化细胞时,酶活回收率为89.74%,并且可以催化9批次150g/L的3-氰基吡啶完成转化,第九批次转化率可达98.26%。与游离细胞催化过程相比,单位质量游离细胞的烟酰胺产量提高了12倍,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

固定化细胞拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的研究

【目的】筛选鉴定一株产酯酶用于选择性拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的菌株,利用该菌株固定化细胞催化拆分外消旋底物。【方法】通过富集培养、罗丹明B平板初筛及复筛培养获得一株选择性拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的菌株,通过对其形态、生理生化特征及16S r DNA序列分析,确立该菌株系统发育地位。优化了利用硅藻土-戊二醛吸附交联法对该菌体细胞固定化的条件,研究固定化细胞催化性质及操作稳定性。【结果】该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,鉴定其为甲基球状菌属(Methylopila)。固定化体系最优条件:聚乙烯亚胺0.15%(V/V),戊二醛0.2%(V/V),硅藻土6 g/L,菌体质量浓度100 g/L。与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞最适p H由8.0变为8.5,最适温度由35°C变为40°C,p H稳定性和温度稳定性都有所提高。Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)能促进酶活,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)抑制酶活。固定化细胞的有机溶剂耐受性较游离细胞有所提高。动力学分析细胞固定化后Km值变大,底物亲和力降低。利用固定化细胞水解(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯,底物浓度200 g/L,反应20 h,保留构型为S型,得率47.8%,对映体过量值ees为99.4%,重复使用12次后仍保留初始酶活的80%以上。【结论】开发了利用Methylopila sp.cxzy-L013固定化细胞择性拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的工艺,该工艺具有良好的工业应用前景。     

高产天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌细胞的固定化

用聚乙烯醇凝胶包埋具有高活力天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)No.1细胞。该酶的表现活力高达1638 00u／g湿细胞,酶活力的回收率为97．5％。固定化细胞和游离细胞天冬氨酸酶的最适pH均为8．0,最适温度分别为40—45℃和40—55℃。二价金属离子Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe2+对热钝化的天冬氨酸酶活力具有保护作用。在37—45℃下,两种细胞的热稳定性相同。二者在pH6．0的柠檬酸缓冲液中比较稳定。固定化细胞在1mol／L、pH8．0的底物溶液(内含Mn2+1mmol／L)中于4℃冰箱保存6个月,天冬氨酸酶的活力保持不变。用固定化细胞柱连续生产L-天冬氨酸,底物转化为产物的转化率达95％以上;产物的总 收率为91．1％。固定化细胞柱连续运转40天,天冬氨酸酶活力仍保持最初酶活力的90％。     

D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达及固定化细胞研究

将来源于Clostridium cellulolyticum H10的DPEase基因在食品级表达系统Bacillus subtilis中进行产酶研究,在3L发酵罐中高密度发酵最终酶活可达495U/ml,得到高表达量的DPEase酶液。通过硅藻土-海藻酸钠(吸附包埋法)对重组细胞进行固定化研究,结果表明,当海藻酸钠浓度为2%、细胞包埋量为50g/L、CaCl_2浓度为2%、硅藻土浓度为1%时,固定化细胞酶活回收率可达64%,固定化细胞与游离细胞相比最适pH不变,最适温度提高5℃,热稳定性明显提高,连续反应7个批次后转化率仍然为28%,仍保持81%的残余酶活,具有很高的工业应用价值。     

固定化原生质体产谷氨酸脱氢酶的研究

本文报道了用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋法制备固定化谷氨酸捧杆菌T6—13原生质体及其用于生产谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH,E．C．1．4．1．4)的研究。在一定条件下游离细胞和固定化细胞胞内可积累谷氨酸脱氢酶,但并不分泌到胞外。对数生长前期的细胞经蛋清溶菌酶处理14h后分离得到原生质体,游离原生质体和固定化原生质体可产胞外GDH。用3％海藻酸钙凝胶包埋10%的原生质体制备的固定化原生质体具有较高的产酶性,分批培养72h后发酵液中GDH活力可达到1．64×10^-2u／ml,为游离细胞胞内产酶的205％。固定化原生质体可用溶菌酶处理固定化细胞而制得,与直接固定化原生质体制备的固定化原生质体具有同样的产酶能力,且制备方便。固定化原生质体可重复使用6批次(约18天),且具有良好的贮藏稳定性。     

海藻酸钠包埋法制备固定化菠萝蛋白酶

以海藻酸钠为载体,包埋法固定菠萝蛋白酶,对固定化奈件进行优化,同时探讨固定化菠萝蛋白酶的部分酶学性能。结果表明：固定化菠萝蛋白酶的质量受海藻酸钠质量分数、固定化酶量、固定化时间以及CaCl2质量分数的影响,其最佳固定化条件为：海藻酸钠质量分数1．0％,CaCl2质量分数3％,固定化酶液量与海藻酸钠体积之比1：2,固定化时间60min,在此条件下,制备的固定化菠萝蛋白酶的比活力为211．8U／g（湿质量载体）,由此制得的固定化酶的最适pH为7．6,与游离酶相比,升高了0．8个pH单位,同时显示固定化菠萝蛋白酶能耐受较高的碱性环境,固定化酶最适温度与游离酶相同,均为50℃,固定化酶在较高温度范围内,仍能保持较高的相对活力。     

酶法提取玉米胚中总黄酮的研究

尝试使用α-淀粉酶进行糖苷转移提取玉米中总黄酮,同时对α-淀粉酶的固定化进行研究。对α-淀粉酶固定化的研究表明:以壳聚糖为载体,用体积分数4%戊二醛进行交联,加酶量为3 g.L-1条件下可以获得最佳的固定化效果;与游离酶相比,其最适作用温度范围、pH值范围均比游离酶范围宽;固定化酶的热稳定性优于游离酶,且具有良好的操作稳定性。本试验使用游离酶法、固定化酶法提取玉米中总黄酮,得率分别为2.82%、2.46%。     

桦褶孔菌漆酶固定化及其对染料的降解

采用壳聚糖交联法和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化桦褶孔菌产生的漆酶,探讨最佳固定化条件,固定化漆酶的温度,pH稳定性及操作稳定性,并以两种固定化酶分别对4种染料进行了降解.结果表明:(1)壳聚糖交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件为:壳聚糖2.5%,戊二醛7%,交联时间2h,固定化时间5h,给酶量1g壳聚糖小球:1mL酶液(1U/mL),固定化效率56%;(2)海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件为:海藻酸钠浓度4%,壳聚糖浓度0.7%,氯化钙浓度5%,戊二醛浓度0.6%,给酶量4mL 4%海藻酸钠:1mL酶液(1U/mL),固定化效率高达86%;(3)固定化的漆酶相比游离漆酶有更好的温度和pH稳定性;(4)比较两种固定化漆酶,海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化酶的温度及酸度稳定性要优于壳聚糖固定化酶,但可重复操作性要弱于后者,两者重复使用8次后的剩余酶活比率分别为71%及64%;(5)两种固定化酶对所选的4种不同结构的合成染料均有较好的降解效果,其中壳聚糖固定化酶对茜素红的降解效果及重复使用性极佳,重复降解40mg/L的茜素红10次,降解率仍保持在100%.     

Immobilization and characterization of lipase from an indigenous Bacillus aryabhattai SE3-PB isolated from lipid-rich wastewater

Abstract

Extracellular lipase from an indigenous Bacillus aryabhattai SE3-PB was immobilized in alginate beads by entrapment method. After optimization of immobilization conditions, maximum immobilization efficiencies of 77%?±?1.53% and 75.99%?±?3.49% were recorded at optimum concentrations of 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 0.2?M calcium chloride, respectively, for the entrapped enzyme. Biochemical properties of both free and immobilized lipase revealed no change in the optimum temperature and pH of both enzyme preparations, with maximum activity attained at 60?°C and 9.5, respectively. In comparison to free lipase, the immobilized enzyme exhibited improved stability over the studied pH range (8.5–9.5) and temperature (55–65?°C) when incubated for 3?h. Furthermore, the immobilized lipase showed enhanced enzyme-substrate affinity and higher catalytic efficiency when compared to soluble enzyme. The entrapped enzyme was also found to be more stable, retaining 61.51% and 49.44% of its original activity after being stored for 30 days at 4?°C and 25?°C, respectively. In addition, the insolubilized enzyme exhibited good reusability with 18.46% relative activity after being repeatedly used for six times. These findings suggest the efficient and sustainable use of the developed immobilized lipase for various biotechnological applications.     

锰过氧化物酶的耦合固定化及其性质研究

分别采用海藻酸钠、明胶和壳聚糖为载体,并以戊二醛为交联剂,通过包埋-交联和吸附-交联两种耦合固定化方法制备固定化锰过氧化物酶。探讨了酶的不同固定化条件和固定化酶的部分性能。与游离酶相比,制备的3种固定化酶最适反应pH分别由7·0降低到5·0、5·0和3·0,最适反应温度分别由35℃升高到75℃、55℃和75℃。3种固定化酶的耐热性都显著提高,其中用壳聚糖制成的固定化酶在pH2·2~11的宽范围内表现出很好的酸碱耐受性。30℃连续测定6~9次酶活力,重复使用的3种固定化酶显示出良好的稳定性。将固定化酶应用在偶氮染料的脱色中,用明胶制成的固定化酶在静置和摇床条件下,以及用海藻酸钠制成的固定化酶在摇床条件下,均表现出与游离酶相近的脱色能力,并且在重复进行的摇床实验中,脱色能力未降低,反应前后的酶活力均没有损失。     

聚乙烯醇-明胶复合膜固定化重组大肠杆菌NAD激酶的研究

为提高烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)激酶的稳定性,采用复合膜对NAD激酶进行固定化研究。选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和明胶(GEL)膜材料固定化NAD激酶。通过单因素实验确定最佳固定化条件为:PVA∶GEL为4∶1,加酶量为0.6 mL,固定化时间为6h,固定化温度为35℃,此时酶活力回收率达到最高值84%。固定化酶酶学性质分析结果表明,与游离酶进行比较,固定化后NAD激酶的最适温度由50℃提高至55℃,最适pH由8.0降至7.0,NAD激酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性均得到显著提高,但固定化酶的亲和力降低。固定化NAD激酶重复利用6次后,酶活性依然可维持初始酶活性的75%以上,表明聚乙烯醇-明胶复合膜固定化酶具有良好的操作稳定性。     

强化海藻酸钠凝胶制备固定化酶

为了确定生产帕拉金糖（异麦芽酮糖）的固化酶最佳条件,在固化材料和固化方法上进行多项试验。结果表明：使用添加剂强化海藻酸钙凝胶包埋整个细胞酶,固化效果最佳,固化酶的酶活为３０～６０ｕ／ｇ,蔗糖平均转化率８５％,最高转化率９５％,实验室中固化酶连续转化半衰期长达４５ｄ。     

A new method for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase

A new method for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to alginate gel beads by activating the carbonyl groups of alginate using carbodiimide coupling agent has been successfully developed. Maximum reaction rate (V _max) and Michaelis–Menten constant (K _m) were determined for the free and binary immobilized enzyme. The effects of pH, temperature, storage stability, reuse number and thermal stability on the free and immobilized AChE were also investigated. For the free and binary immobilized enzyme on the Ca–alginate gel beads, optimum pH values were found to be 7 and 8, respectively. Optimum temperatures for the free and immobilized enzyme were observed to be 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Upon 60 days of storage the preserved activity of free and immobilized enzyme were found as 4 and 68%, respectively. In addition, reuse number, and thermal stability of the free AChE were increased by as a result of binary immobilization.     

Regeneration of NADH in a bioreactor using yeast cells immobilized in alginate fiber: I. Method and effect of reactor variables

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in a calcium alginate fiber reactor were used as a source of alcohol dehydrogenase for the NAD(+)-to-NADH reaction. The reaction was catalyzed by enzyme in cells on the surface of the fiber. Internal diffusional effects were present. The enzyme cell concentration was optimized by harvesting cells finally grown under anaerobic conditions. The results were expressed as an apparent reaction rate constant that was independent of NAD(+) and excess ethanol concentration, was slightly affected by flow rate above a minimum value, and increased with immobilized cell concentration in the fiber. The reaction was complete after 6 to 7 h under optimal conditions of 36 degrees C and 9.5 pH. The latter was 0.5 pH units above the free enzyme optimum, indicating that microenvironmental effects were in evidence. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Improving of Catalase Stability Properties by Encapsulation in Alginate/Fe3O4 Magnetic Composite Beads for Enzymatic Removal of H2O2

The aim of this study was enhancing of stability properties of catalase enzyme by encapsulation in alginate/nanomagnetic beads. Amounts of carrier (10–100 mg) and enzyme concentrations (0.25–1.5 mg/mL) were analyzed to optimize immobilization conditions. Also, the optimum temperature (25–50°C), optimum pH (3.0–8.0), kinetic parameters, thermal stability (20–70°C), pH stability (4.0–9.0) operational stability (0–390 min), and reusability were investigated for characterization of the immobilized catalase system. The optimum pH levels of both free and immobilized catalase were 7.0. At the thermal stability studies, the magnetic catalase beads protected 90% activity, while free catalase maintained only 10% activity at 70°C. The thermal profile of magnetic catalase beads was spread over a large area. Similarly, this system indicated the improving of the pH stability. The reusability, which is especially important for industrial applications, was also determined. Thus, the activity analysis was done 50 times in succession. Catalase encapsulated magnetic alginate beads protected 83% activity after 50 cycles.     

Improved Properties of Bacillus coagulans β‐Galactosidase through Immobilization

Thermostable β‐galactosidase from Bacillus coagulans RCS3 was purified by successive column chromatography using DEAE‐cellulose and Sephadex G‐50. Immobilization of the purified enzyme was studied with DEAE‐cellulose and calcium alginate. The efficiency of β‐galactosidase retention was 87 % with DEAE‐cellulose (17 mg protein/mL of matrix) and 80 % with calcium alginate (2.2 mg protein/g bead). Comparative studies of immobilization displayed a shift in the optimum temperature from 65 °C to 70 °C provoked by DEAE‐cellulose, although no effect was observed with calcium alginate. The heat inactivation curve revealed an improvement in the stability (t_1/2 of 14.5 h for the immobilized enzyme as compared to 2 h for the free enzyme at 65 °C) in a calcium alginate system. This immobilized enzyme has a wide pH stability range (6.5–11). β‐Galactosidase immobilized by DEAE‐cellulose and calcium alginate allowed a 57 and 70 % lactose hydrolysis, respectively, to be achieved within 48 h after repeated use for twenty times.