油松、白皮松和青杄花粉营养成分的研究

通过对我国有巨大生产量和应用潜力的油松、白皮松和青木千花粉的 1 8种氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素E、维生素C、磷脂、葡萄糖氧化酶等重要营养成分含量的测定 ,发现这三种花粉的以上成分含量都很高。其中青木千花粉的维生素A含量达 70 641 .6IU/ 1 0 0g ,氨基酸总量达 2 4 .443mg/ 1 0 0mg。从营养的角度来看 ,青木千花粉是较优秀的花粉。     

油松、白皮松和青木千花粉营养成分的研究

通过对我国有巨大生产量和应用潜力的油松、白皮松和青杄花粉的18种氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素E、维生素C、磷脂、葡萄糖氧化酶等重要营养成分含量的测定,发现这三种花粉的以上成分含量都很高。其中青杄花粉的维生素A含量达70 641.6 IU/100 g,氨基酸总量达24.443 mg/100 mg。从营养的角度来看,青杄花粉是较优秀的花粉。     

油松、白皮松和青Qian花粉营养成分的研究

通过对我国有巨大生产量和应用潜力的油松,白皮松和青Qian花粉的18种氨基酸,蛋白质,维生素A,维生素E,维生素C,磷脂,葡萄糖氧化酶等重要营养成分含量的测定,发现这三种花粉的以上成分含量都很高,其中青Qian花粉的维生素A含量达70641．6IU／100g,氨基酸总量达24．443mg/100mg。从营养的角度来看,青Qian花粉是较优秀的花粉。     

野生湖南山核桃的营养成分研究

对野生湖南山核桃果仁的油脂及其组分、总糖、蛋白质及其氨基酸组成、维生素E、维生素B1、钙、铁、锌、铜、钼等元素含量进行分析.果仁中粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白质、维生素E、维生素B1的含量分别为56.57%、3.51%、8.18%、3.06 mg/100 g和1.19 mg/100 g;钙、铁、锌、铜、钼元素含量的含量分别为114.6 mg/100 g、3.26 mg/100g、5.14 mg/100g、1.69 mg/100g和0.12 mg/100g.果仁的脂肪主要由软脂酸、油酸,亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸组成,其含量分别为6.41%,71.80%,19.28%,1.82%和0.69%;果仁中蛋白质氨基酸有16种,其中9种人体必需氨基酸都含有.     

组培苗鲜罗汉果与干罗汉果营养成分的分析和比较

对组培苗鲜罗汉果与干罗汉果提取物的营养成分进行分析和比较研究,分别测定了蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、碳水化合物、灰分、矿质元素、维生素E和氨基酸含量。结果表明:组培苗鲜罗汉果和干罗汉果蛋白质含量分别为22.23%、19.8%,氨基酸总量分别为12.51%、8.36%,其中人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量分别为38.13%、36.36%,矿质元素含量分别为1081mg/100g、1089mg/100g,维生素E含量分别为0.183mg/100g、0.589mg/100g。组培苗鲜罗汉果的蛋白质、氨基酸含量比组培苗干罗汉果分别高2.43%、4.15%,碳水化合物、维生素E含量组培苗干罗汉果比组培苗鲜罗汉果分别高2.44%、0.406mg/100g,矿质元素、粗脂肪、总糖、灰分等含量两者不存在明显差异。     

闽产李果实氨基酸组成及其营养分析

为了弄清不同闽产李（Prunus salicina）果实氨基酸含量、组成及营养价值,采用氨基酸自动分析仪 对不同李果实样品中各种氨基酸的含量进行检测,并对其组成进行比较分析。结果表明,李果实含有18种蛋白质氨基酸和3种非蛋白质氨基酸。田黄李的牛磺酸含量与蛋白质氨基酸含量均最高分别为26.54 mg/100 g和496.14 mg/100 g;皇后李的鸟氨酸、药用氨基酸、酸味氨基酸含量以及特殊功效蛋白质氨基酸的比重均最高分别为0.36 mg/100 g、364.67 mg/100 g、298.28 mg/100 g和73.45%;早熟胭脂李的γ-氨基丁酸含量最高为7.98 mg/100 g;大胭脂李的支链氨基酸含量最高为46.77 mg/100 g。李果实中氨基酸种类齐全、含量存在一定的差异,可根据不同的开发利用目标选择合适的品种。     

花期冻害对杜仲花粉营养成分的影响

通过测定花期冻害前后杜仲花粉营养成分和总黄酮含量,研究花期冻害对杜仲花粉营养成分的影响.结果显示,花期低温对花粉蛋白质、蛋白质氨基酸、维生素含量等没有显著的影响;总黄酮含量略有增加,还原糖含量显著增加(P<0.05);但花粉游离氨基酸含量却有较明显的减少,蔗糖和粗脂肪的含量极显著的减少(P<0.01).所以,在今后的生产中应尽量采取措施预防花粉冻害.     

广东8种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及Vc的含量

测定了广东菊科8种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量,结果表明：革命菜、一点红、苣荬菜的硝酸盐含量低于轻度污染水平,属于一级野菜;山莴苣、地胆草、加拿大蓬和艾的硝酸盐含量低于785mg/kg,达中度污染水平,属二级蔬菜范围,不宜生食,煮熟或盐渍可安全食用;甜菜籽属于三级蔬菜,不可生食和盐渍,可熟食.这些野菜维生素C的含量均低于50mg/100g（鲜重）,属于中、低维生素C含量的野菜.     

药用美洲大蠊氨基酸和维生素含量分析

以人工饲养条件下不同发育阶段的美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana为材料,测定了其氨基酸和维生素的含量。结果表明,美洲大蠊各虫态均含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为23. 27%～29. 44%,人体必需氨基酸含量占44. 04%～49. 55%,优于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织推荐的40%的标准,属于优质蛋白质资源。与成虫期相比,若虫期氨基酸含量较高,色氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和甘氨酸较为丰富。所检测的5种维生素中,维生素E含量最高,刚蜕皮成虫及雌成虫含量均超过12 mg·kg^-1。美洲大蠊相关产品促睡眠、抗氧化功能可能与其富含色氨酸、谷氨酸和维生素E有关。     

野生水芹与旱芹的营养成分比较分析

为研究野生水芹的营养价值,以湖北野生水芹和旱芹为材料,对新鲜叶片和叶柄的主要营养成分进行了比较分析。结果表明:两种材料叶片和叶柄的淀粉、粗纤维和维生素B1含量的差异不明显,游离氨基酸和维生素B2含量比旱芹低,但野生水芹含有丰富的蛋白质和钙,其叶柄中可溶性糖和磷的含量分别达29.70 mg/g和0.77mg/g,分别比旱芹高57.23%和37.50%;其叶片维生素C、铁含量分别达0.19 mg/g和0.35 mg/g,比旱芹分别高137.50%和191.67%,整株黄酮类物质含量是旱芹含量的2倍。这说明野生水芹具有较高的食用价值,是一种适合作为涝渍地区保护性开发的野生蔬菜资源。     

Monoterpene differentiation in relation to the morphology of Pinus culminicola,Pinus nelsonii,Pinus pinceana and Pinus maximartinezii

Wood from 92 trees of Pinus culminicola, Pinus nelsonii, Pinus pinceana and Pinus maximartinezii from nine localities and oleoresin from several trees of Pinus nelsonii from one Iocality were analyzed for monoterpenes by gas liquid chromatography. Monoterpenes of Pinus nelsonii were composed mainly of α- and β-pinenes, while the main constituent of the monoterpenes of Pinus pinceana and Pinus maximartinezii was limonene, present in amounts of about 90 percent. The similarity in composition of the monoterpenes of Pinus pinceana and Pinus maximartinezii strongly supports the contention of Rzedowski [12] of the close evolutionary relation of the two pines. Pinus culminicola wood produced monoterpenes composed mainly of α-pinene, sabinene, terpinolene and limonene, with other monoterpenes occurring sporadically in sizeabie amounts. The variability between individual populations was relatively high, probably due to their long-time isolation by the intervening low-elevation barriers. Appreciable differences were found in compositions of monoterpenes from stem and from twigs of Pinus culrninicola.     

Pinus digenea

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Pinus digenea

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Morphological and Chemical Differentiation between Tunisian Populations of Pinus halepensis,Pinus brutia,and Pinus pinaster

The lipid fraction of seeds from different pine species and populations was studied regarding total lipid content, fatty acid profile and vitamin E composition. The investigated seeds contained a high percentage of lipid (13.6 to 31.5 %). Lipid fractions were found to be rich in vitamin E, which varied significantly among species and populations. P. halepensis (Ph−Hn) showed the highest content of vitamin E (256.3 mg/kg of seeds) and the uppermost content of α-tocopherol (44 mg/kg). However, P. halepensis (Ph−Kas) was the richest in γ-tocopherol (204.9 mg/kg). Lipid fractions had a low content of δ-tocopherol (1.2 to 3.6 mg/kg. The highest content of γ-tocotrienol (∼18 %) was determined for P. halepensis (Ph−Dc and Ph−Hn). Thirteen fatty acids were identified by GC-FID with significant variation between the investigated species. The linoleic acid was the major fatty acid followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. The chemical differentiation among species for the composition of fatty acids and vitamin E was confirmed by PCA. Significant correlations were observed between the content of vitamin E and fatty acids and ecological parameters of P. halepensis populations.     

Callus formation from cotyledon protoplasts of Pinus oocarpa and Pinus patula

Protoplasts were isolated from cotyledons of 11-day-old seedlings of Pinus oocarpa and P. patula ssp. tecunumanii . The best enzyme combination was Cellulase R10 + Pectolyase Y-23, associated with bovine serum albumin. When cultured at a low density [1.25 × 10³ to 5 × 10³ protoplast (ml)⁻¹] in a liquid medium, the cells divided. The medium contained glutamine and casein hydrolysate as nitrogen sources, and glucose as osmoticum. Rate of division was increased by supplementing the medium with l -ornithine, putrescine and spermidine. However, the rate remained low, with an absolute division frequency of ca 1%. Dilution allowed colony proliferation and fragmentation, leading to the formation of numerous microcalli that could be transferred to various solid media for further growth.     

Micropropagation of Pinus peuce

In Pinus peuce zygotic embryo culture grown on Gresshoff and Doy (1972; GD) basal medium, 2.22 μM benzyladenine (BA) was superior in promoting adventitious bud induction during 4 weeks comparing to kinetin or BA + kinetin. Shoot elongation was achieved on half-strength GD medium devoid of plant growth regulators and containing activated charcoal. Pulse treatment with 1 mM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 2 h, followed by transfer to half-strength GD medium, produced the most efficient rooting. Rooted shoots were transplanted to the greenhouse and plantlets continued to grow and developed into phenotypically normal plants. Up to 10 plants per explant can be obtained within 36 weeks from culture initiation.     

Micropropagation of Pinus heldreichii

Micropropagation by organogenesis from mature embryos of Pinus heldreichii Christ. was achieved. The frequency of adventitious bud induction was higher on embryos grown on Gresshoff and Doy medium than on Von Arnold and Eriksson, or Murashige and Skoog medium. The greatest number of buds and developed shoots was obtained after induction with benzyladenine at 2.22 or 4.40 μM for four weeks. Shorter induction time was less effective for bud induction, but subsequent shoot elongation was accelerated. Shoots elongated on half-strength, growth regulator-free medium supplemented with activated charcoal. After pulse treatment with 1 mM indole-3-butyric acid twenty shoots were rooted, while agar-solidified medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.27 or 1.08 μM), or indole-3-butyric acid (0.25 or 0.98 μM) induced callus formation only. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

受害马尾松、湿地松挥发性化学物质的释放

萜烯类化合物是针叶树防御昆虫为害的重要组分。对盆栽马尾松、湿地松进行未受害、接虫咬食为害、人工剪叶处理后,用TCT-GC-M S分析了叶片挥发物的成分及相对含量。结果表明:人工剪叶后马尾松挥发物相对含量除α-蒎烯降低外,其余都有所升高,但挥发性化学物质相对含量出现高峰的时间没有规律性;虫害后,挥发物的相对含量除水芹烯降低外,其余均在1h升高,同时检测到p-薄荷-1.4(δ)-二烯,但其变化较小。湿地松受害后检测到7种挥发性化学物质,除人工剪叶后α-蒎烯、虫害后α-蒎烯、水芹烯相对含量降低外,其它挥发物的相对含量在不同的时间内都有所升高。β-蒎烯在两种松树受害后都有显著的变化,马尾松中的石竹烯没有明显的变化,氨茴酸-3,5-二甲基-3-乙烯基-4-己烯酯、大香叶烯D只在湿地松中检测到,而且其变化显著。     

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、湿地松(Pinus elliottii)挥发性化学物质的昼夜节律释放

用TCT-GC／MS分析了马尾松、湿地松挥发性有机化合物的昼夜节律变化。结果表明：马尾松昼夜节律中检测到的挥发物主要是萜烯类化合物,其中单萜种类最多,且α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯含量约占整个挥发物的80％,其次是含氧化合物等。这些挥发物的释放高峰多数在10：30,少数在1：30;整个变化中有两个低峰期,即13：30和22：30。湿地松中检测到的挥发物组分与马尾松相似,多数释放高峰在12：00-15：00之间;另一些在6：00;α-蒎烯的释放高峰在3：00,而此时其它挥发性化合物的释放量最低。挥发物的释放也受到外界环境的影响,一定范围内随着温度的升高、湿度的减小,其释放量增加。