类球红细菌分批发酵生产辅酶Q_(10)的动力学模型

研究了Rhodobacter sphaeroidesEIM-8发酵生产CoQ_(10)的代谢特性.根据Monod、Logistic和Luedeking-Piret方程建立菌体细胞生长、CoQ_(10)积累和葡萄糖消耗的动力学模型,并采用进化规划求得模型参数.模型模拟计算结果与试验值拟合良好,平均相对误差均在7%以内,较好地反映了类球红细菌分批发酵过程的动力学特征.     

辅酶Q_(10)对缺血心肌线粒体功能和形态的影响

辅酶Q_(10)(CoQ_(10))参与呼吸链及电子传递,在氧化还原系统中作为可逆的受氢体行使着催化功能。文献报道CoQ_(10)能保护或改善缺血心肌的功能、代谢和形态,临床用于治疗冠心病、充血性心衰、心肌炎、心律失常等心血管疾病。本文通过观察CoQ_(10)对缺血心肌线粒体功能和形态的影响,以探讨其保护缺血心肌的作用机制。     

从提取细胞色素丙后的猪心残渣中制备辅酶Q_(10)的研究

辅酶Q_（10）（以下简称Q_（10）是一种新的生化药物,有重要的临床用途（中国科学院昆明动物研究所辅酶Q_（10）研究组,（1979）。Q_（10）的制备虽可采用化学合成法,但此法难度较大且不经济。自动物、植物、微生物中提取Q_（10）是国外工业生产Q_(10)的主要途径。我国大部分生物制药厂以猪心为原料生产细胞色素丙,因此经提取细胞色素丙后的猪心残渣数量极大。但这些猪心残渣一般被用作肥料或饲料。已知在猪心中Q_（10）含量丰富和Q_（10）在酸性条件下不稳定。（Korner,1974）于是这种经酸性溶液处理的猪心残渣是否还含有未分解的Q_（10）,其含量是多少?是综合利用这些猪心残渣的前提。本文证明,这种猪心残渣仍然含有未分解的Q_（10）,其含量与新鲜猪心中相同,从而为Q_（10）的工业生产找到了一种来源充足、价廉物美的原料。另外,本文比较并发展了一些Q_（10）的制备方法,为确定Q_（10）的工业生产工艺路线提供了实验依据。最后本文发展了一种Q_（10）的扫描薄层层析分析法,是目前已知各种Q_（10）分析法中较理想的一种。     

硒的生物功能

自从施瓦茨（Schwarz,1957）证实硒是生物体营养必需的微量元素之后,硒对生物体的作用日益引起人们的重视。它以有机硒的形式组成体内许多具有重要生物功能的结构,又以无机硒的形式发挥着重要的生理功能。目前对硒生物功能的研究进展很快,主要集中在生理、生化、毒理、药理及营养学等研究领域。由于它与人体健康的重要关系,其已渐渐成为当前研究的热点。1硒的生物化学有关硒生化特性的研究目前已有许多重要的成果。罗特拉克（Rotruck等,1973）已明确硒的生化功能与谷脱甘肽过氧化物酶（（｝SHPX）的活性有关,它是一种含硒的酶,G…     

生物反应器相关专利分析

生物反应器（bioreactor）是利用酶或生物体（如微生物）所具有的生物功能而进行生化反应的装置系统．如发酵罐．在各种生物加工过程中占据中心位置。从反应过程上看．根据培养对象的不同．生物反应器可以简单分为3类：微生物反应器和酶反应器、动植物细胞大规模培养生物反应器以及转基因动植物细胞生物反应器。     

细胞凋亡生化通路的发现者--记华裔科学家王晓东

细胞凋亡（apoptosis）,又被称为细胞程序化死亡（programmed cell death,PCD）,是多细胞生物通过主动方式杀死不需要细胞的一种方式。相对于细胞坏死（necrosis）,细胞凋亡采取一种有序的方式,是生物发育过程中特定细胞消除的一种重要方式。从20世纪70年代开始,许多生物学家开始研究它的机制,经过30多年的研究,现在已经成为当前生命科学三大热点之一,特别是2002年3位科学家还由于在这方面的贡献而获得了诺贝尔生理与医学奖。     

白细胞介素－2的研究

白细胞介素－２的研究本刊顾问刘新垣（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所）白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）是辅助Ｔ细胞分泌的淋巴因子,在免疫系统中起着重要的作用,它能促进Ｔ细胞,ＮＫ细胞,Ｂ细胞的分化成熟及激活其生物活性,诱导淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ）活性,...     

生物钟的分子机制研究进展

RecentDevelopmentsinMolecularMechanismsofBiologicalClockHouBingkai(DepartmentofBiology,ShandongUniversity,Jinan250100)YuHuimin(DepartmentofBiochemistry,ShandongEducationCollege,Jinan250013)生物的昼夜节奏表现,从单细胞生物到多细胞生物,从原校生物到真核生物都曾被描述过。由于这种现象在生物界广泛存在,关于它的特征、意义和机理的研究日益受到人们重视。其中最重要和最吸引人的方面是它的测时系统—一生物钟（biologicalclock）,也称生物振荡器（oscillators）。近年来,人们从分子水平对生物钟的研究比较活…     

我国生物技术发展的回顾与展望

我国生物技术发展的回顾与展望徐庆毅（中国生物工程开发中心）一、引言众所周知,生物技术是当今国际上重要的高技术领域。但是,关于生物技术的定义,目前尚无定论,特别是对生物技术体系的范围理解不一,因而给生物技术科技和产业的定量研究带来了一定的困难。我国多数学者认为,生物技术是以生命科学为基础,利用生物体（或者生物组织、细胞及其组分）的特性和功能,设计构建具有预期性状的新物种或新品系,以及与工程原理相结合进行加工生产, 为社会提供商品和服务的一个综合性技术体系。它包含的主要技术范畴是: 基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程、发酵工程、生化工程和蛋白质工程。     

糖生物学研究进展

糖生物学是以生物大分子的组成部分糖链为对象 ,研究它作为生物信息分子在多细胞生物高层次生命活动中的功能。糖生物学 (glycobiology)这一名词是 1 988年由牛津大学生化系副主任德弗克 (Raymond ADwek)教授在《生化年评》上首次提出的 [1 ] ,这标志着糖生物学这一新的分支学科的诞生。同年 ,牛津大学研制成功了 N-糖链的结构分析仪 ,并商品化。1　糖生物学的发展历程糖与蛋白质、核酸和脂类作为生物分子中的 4大物质 ,早在 1个世纪前就已被人们认识 ,但科学家对它的研究却远远滞后于核酸与蛋白质。 60年代 ,科学家发现细胞表面密布糖链 …     

饲料中添加辅酶Q10对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力和组织结构的影响

以含辅酶Q10(CoQ10)分别为0、40、80和120 mg/kg的4种饲料饲喂平均初始体重为(19.97±0.13) g的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT)幼鱼56d,探讨辅酶Q10对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、抗氧化能力、组织结构和基因表达的影响。结果显示,各辅酶Q10组吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的终末体重、摄食率、特定生长率和饲料效率与对照组均无显著差异, 120 mg/kg辅酶Q10组终末体重、特定生长率和饲料效率均为最高;辅酶Q10含量为120 mg/kg时,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的干物质消化率显著升高;各辅酶Q10组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于对照组;各辅酶Q10组肝脏CAT和GSH-Px活性均显著高于对照组, 80和120 mg/kg辅酶Q10组肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性均显著升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低;各实验组去内脏全鱼的水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量均无显著性差异, 120 mg/kg辅酶Q10组去内脏全鱼粗脂肪显著低于对照组;各实验组内脏团水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分...     

Micronucleus test with potassium chromate(VI) administered intraperitoneally and orally to mice

The effect of route of administration, intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral gavage (p.o.), in the mouse micronucleus test was studied with K2CrO4 in 2 mouse strains (MS/Ae and CD-1). A simplified acute toxicity test to estimate the toxic dose levels of K2CrO4 showed that the LD50S were 50 mg/kg i.p. and 300 mg/kg p.o. for MS/Ae and 32 mg/kg i.p. and 180 mg/kg p.o. for CD-1. Based on results of a pilot micronucleus test to determine appropriate dose levels and the optimal sampling time, it was decided to sample bone marrow cells of both strains of mice 24 h after i.p. doses of 10-80 mg/kg and p.o. doses ranging from 20 to 320 mg/kg. K2CrO4 administered i.p. induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) dose-dependently in both strains. In contrast, when administered p.o. the chemical failed to induce MNPCEs. These results suggest that this difference between i.p. and p.o. routes is related to a difference of absorption or metabolic fate of chromate in vivo.     

Effect of sodium valproate and flunarizine administered alone and in combination on pentylenetetrazole model of absence seizures in rat

Sodium valproate (VPA) and flunarizine (FLU) administered individually and together were examined for their effects on behavioural, and EEG changes in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced rat model of absence seizures. PTZ, 20 mg/kg, i.p., produced behavioural staring and immobility with concomitant, repetitive 7 to 9 Hz spike/wave discharges (SWDs) in EEG, monitored continuously for 1 hr and thereafter, intermittently for 4 hr, post-vehicle/drug. The number and duration (sec) of SWDs/hr were the parameters used for evaluation of vehicle vs. drug effects in normal as well as rats made epileptogenic by repeated cortical stimulation. VPA, 200 mg/kg, i.p., produced a significant reduction in the number and duration of SWDs at 20 min only in epileptogenic rats, declining to non-significant levels at 60 min, whereas FLU, 10 mg/kg i.p. had no effect on either parameter. The combination of VPA and FLU produced a highly significant reduction of the number and duration of SWDs/h for 60 min in normal and epileptogenic rats. The results provide evidence for a synergistic effect of VPA and FLU in experimental absence seizures and possible potential benefit in pharmaco resistant seizures.     

Agastache mexicana may produce anxiogenic-like actions in the male rat.

Behavioral effects of a water-soluble extract of Agastache mexicana, a plant with purported anxiolytic actions, were studied in male Wistar rats. In the elevated plus-maze test, various doses of the plant extract (3.0 mg/kg body wt.; 9.0 mg/kg body wt.; 12.0 mg/kg body wt.) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) decreased the exploration of open arms, showing an anxiogenic-like effect. Agastache mexicana (12 mg/kg body wt.; i.p.) did not change immobility in the forced swimming test (i.e., had no anti-depressant effect) but increased the anti-immobility action of 32.0 mg/kg body wt. (i.p.) of desipramine (i.e., increased the antidepressant-like effect of desipramine). A. mexicana had no effect on exploratory activity in an open field test, indicating that it had no sedative effect at the doses used. It is concluded that effects of the water extract of A. mexicana are more consistent with an anxiogenic-like property than an anxiolytic-like one.     

Acute toxicity study of liposomal antioxidant formulations containing N-acetylcysteine, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol in rats

Liposomes have been used for the delivery of antioxidants to different tissues and organs for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced injuries. In this study, the acute toxicity of a single dose of intravenously (i.v.) administered liposomal antioxidant formulation, containing N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with or without α-tocopherol (α-T) or γ-tocopherol (γ-T), in rats was examined. Each group consisted of 5 male and 5 female Sprague-Dawley rats, with a control group receiving empty dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes (660 mg/kg) and test groups receiving DPPC liposomes (660 mg/kg) entrapped with 1) NAC (200 mg/kg), 2) NAC (200 mg/kg) and α-T (83.3 mg/kg), and 3) NAC (200 mg/kg) and γ-T (71.4 mg/kg). These dose levels were determined from the dose-range-finding study and were considered to be the maximum feasible dose (MFD) levels, based on the volume of 10 mL/kg and physical properties and viscosity of the test articles that could be safely administered to rats by an i.v. injection. Two weeks after treatment (day 15), rats in the control group and three test groups exhibited no clinical signs of toxicity during the dosing period or during the 14-day post-treatment period. Weight gain and food consumption in all animals was appropriate for the age and sex of animals. Clinical pathology findings (e.g., hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis) were unremarkable in all rats and in all groups. In conclusion, the results of this study showed no treatment-related toxicity in rats at the MFD level by a single bolus i.v. administration.     

Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 at different supplemental ages on growth performance and some immune response in ascites-susceptible broilers

Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) at different supplemental ages on performance and some immune response were investigated in ascites-susceptible broilers. A 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design was used consisting of L-carnitine supplementation (0, 75, and 100 mg/kg), CoQ10 supplementation (0 and 40 mg/kg) and different supplemental ages (from day 1 on and from day 10 on). A total of 480 one-day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 12 groups, every group had five replicates, each with eight birds. The birds were fed a corn-soybean based diet for six weeks. From day 10-21, all the birds were exposed to a low ambient temperature (12-15 degrees C) to increase the susceptibility to ascites. No significant effects were observed on growth performance by L-carnitine, CoQ10 supplementation, and different supplemental ages. Packed cell volume was significantly decreased by L-carnitine supplementation alone, and ascites heart index and ascites mortality were decreased by L-carnitine, CoQ10 supplementation alone, and L-carnitine + CoQ10 supplementation together (p < 0.05). Heart index of broilers was significantly improved by L-carnitine, CoQ10 supplementation alone during 0-3 week. Serum IgG content was improved by L-carnitine supplementation alone (p < 0.05), but lysozyme activity was increased by L-carnitine + CoQ10 supplementation together (p < 0.05). A significant L-carnitine by supplemental age interaction was observed in lysozyme activity. L-carnitine supplementation alone had no effects on the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation in response to concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide, but supplemental CoQ10 alone and L-carnitine+ CoQ10 together decreased the PBL proliferation in response to ConA (p < 0.05). The present study suggested that L-carnitine + CoQ10 supplementation together had positive effects on some immune response of ascites-susceptible broilers, which might benefit for the reduction of broilers' susceptibility to ascites.     

Cytogenetic effects of pesticides. III. Induction of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow by the insecticides cypermethrin and rotenone

The production of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow by the pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin and the botanical insecticide, rotenone was examined. Three routes of administration were used for the insecticides: intraperitoneal, oral and dermal. The different routes of treatment with cypermethrin and rotenone caused toxicity of marrow as indicated by a significant increase in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes (PEs) over that of the control. Cypermethrin showed mutagenic potential as evidenced by a positive response in the micronucleus assay. Oral administration of the insecticide at a dietary level of 900 ppm for 7 and 14 consecutive days as well as double and multiple (total 4) dermal treatments (360 mg/kg body wt.) induced a statistically significant increase in the frequency of PEs with micronuclei. The conducted intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatments with cypermethrin: single injection at 60 and 180 mg/kg body wt., double and multiple injections (total 3) at 60 mg/kg body wt. did not affect the percentage of PEs with micronuclei. The different treatments with rotenone: single, double and multiple (i.p.) injections (total 3) at 2 and 3 mg/kg body wt., oral administration for 14 consecutive days at dietary level of 225 ppm and multiple dermal treatments (total 4) with 135 mg/kg body wt. showed no effect on the frequency of micronuclei in PEs.     

Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet on mice.

Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith is an aromatic plant that is distributed widely in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In Brazil, where A. zerumbet is called "colonia", it is used widely in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including hypertension. In the present study, the antinociceptive effects of the orally administered essential oil of A. zerumbet (EOAz) were evaluated in male Swiss mice (20-25 g each). In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, EOAz (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg body wt.; n = 10, n = 13 and n = 15, respectively) was effective at all doses. In the hot-plate test, EOAz significantly increased the latency at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body wt., but not at 30 mg/kg body wt., at all observation times up to the 180th min (n = 10 for each dose). In the formalin test, EOAz significantly reduced paw licking time in the second phase of the test at 100 mg/kg body wt. (n = 10), but decreased it in both phases at 300 mg/kg body wt. (n = 10). At 30 mg/kg body wt., the effect of EOAz did not differ from control values in either phase of the formalin test (n = 10). Pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kgbodywt., i.p.) caused a significant reversal of the analgesic effect of 300 mg/kg body wt. EOAz (n = 8) that was complete for the first phase, but only partial for the second phase of the formalin test. The data show that orally administered OEAz promotes a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect, with a mechanism of action which probably involves the participation of opiate receptors.     

Potency of L-364,718 as an antagonist of the behavioral effects of peripherally administered cholecystokinin

A new antagonist of the peripheral cholecystokinin receptor, L-364,718, was found to block the reductions in food intake and exploratory activity induced by intraperitoneal administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate. L-364,718 significantly reversed the cholecystokinin-induced reduction in feeding at doses of 10 micrograms/kg - 10 mg/kg i.p. L-364,718 significantly reversed the cholecystokinin-induced reduction in exploratory activity at doses of 500 ng/kg - 10 mg/kg i.p. The time course of antagonist activity of L-364,718 was immediate to 90 minutes after intraperitoneal administration. L-364,718 had no significant effect on food intake or exploratory activity when administered alone, over the dose range of 100 ng/kg-10 mg/kg i.p. This compound appears to be at least one hundred times more potent than proglumide or benzotript as an antagonist of the behavioral effects of peripherally administered cholecystokinin.