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1.
Olivieri G Russo ME Giardina P Marzocchella A Sannia G Salatino P 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2012,39(5):719-729
The reduction of polyphenols content in olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major issue in olive oil manufacturing. Although
researchers have pointed out the potential of white-rot fungus in dephenolizing OMW, the results available in the literature
mainly concern pretreated (sterilized) OMW. This paper deals with the reduction of polyphenols content in untreated OMW by
means of a white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. Dephenolization was performed both in an airlift bioreactor and in aerated flasks. The process was carried out under controlled non-sterile conditions, with different operating configurations (batch, continuous,
biomass recycling) representative of potential industrial operations. Total organic carbon, polyphenols concentration, phenol
oxidase activity, dissolved oxygen concentration, oxygen consumption rate, and pH were measured during every run. Tests were
carried out with or without added nutrients (potato starch and potato dextrose) and laccases inducers (i.e., CuSO4). OMW endogenous microorganisms were competing with P. ostreatus for oxygen during simultaneous fermentation. Dephenolization of raw OMW by P. ostreatus under single batch was as large as 70%. Dephenolization was still extensive even when biomass was recycled up to six times.
OMW pre-aeration had to be provided under continuous operation to avoid oxygen consumption by endogenous microorganisms that
might spoil the process. The role of laccases in the dephenolization process has been discussed. Dephenolization under batch
conditions with biomass recycling and added nutrients proved to be the most effective configuration for OMW polyphenols reduction
in industrial plants (42–68% for five cycles). 相似文献
2.
Summary The decolourization of olive mill waste-waters (OMW) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. OMW decolourization occurred during the primary phase of growth when glycerol was used as the carbon source, and during secondary metabolism in nitrogen-limited cultures. The decolourization was found to be extensive (74% of colour removal, 80% of chemical oxygen demand removal) when the cultures were supplement d with veratryl alcohol and flushed with O2. The biodegradation system was repressed with glutamate as a nitrogen source. These results suggest that all or part of the lignin-degrading system of P. chrysosporium played a role in biodegradation of OMW. The decolourization of OMW corresponds to depolymerization of high-molecular-mass aromatics combined with mineralization of a wide range of monoaromatic compounds.
Correspondence to: S. Sayadi 相似文献
3.
An airlift biofilm reactor for the biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Viggiani A Olivieri G Siani L Di Donato A Marzocchella A Salatino P Barbieri P Galli E 《Journal of biotechnology》2006,123(4):464-477
Phenol bioconversion by Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1 using either free or immobilized cells was investigated with the aim of searching for optimal operating conditions of a continuous bioconversion process. The study was developed by analyzing: (a) free-cell growth and products of phenol bioconversion by batch cultures of P. stutzeri; (b) growth of P. stutzeri cells immobilized on carrier particles; (c) bioconversion of phenol-bearing liquid streams and the establishment and growth of an active bacterial biofilm during continuous operation of an internal-loop airlift bioreactor. We have confirmed that free Pseudomonas cultures are able to transform phenol through the classical meta pathway for the degradation of aromatic molecules. Data indicate that bacterial growth is substrate-inhibited, with a limiting phenol concentration of about 600 mg/L. Immobilization tests revealed that a stable bacterial biofilm can be formed on various types of solid carriers (silica sand, tuff, and activated carbon), but not on alumina. Entrapment in alginate beads also proved to be effective for P. stutzeri immobilization. Continuous bioconversion of phenol-bearing liquid streams was successfully obtained in a biofilm reactor operated in the internal-circulation airlift mode. Phenol conversion exceeded 95%. Biofilm formation and growth during continuous operation of the airlift bioreactor were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. 相似文献
4.
Bio-remediation of colored industrial wastewaters by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus and their enzymes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus whole cells and their ligninolytic enzymes on models of colored industrial wastewaters was evaluated. Models of acid, direct
and reactive dye wastewaters from textile industry have been defined on the basis of discharged amounts, economic relevance
and representativeness of chemical structures of the contained dyes. Phanerochaete chrysosporium provided an effective decolourization of direct dye wastewater model, reaching about 45% decolourization in only 1 day of
treatment, and about 90% decolourization within 7 days, whilst P. ostreatus was able to decolorize and detoxify acid dye wastewater model providing 40% decolourization in only 1 day, and 60% in 7 days.
P. ostreatus growth conditions that induce laccase production (up to 130,000 U/l) were identified, and extra-cellular enzyme mixtures,
with known laccase isoenzyme composition, were produced and used in wastewater models decolourization. The mixtures decolorized
and detoxified the acid dye wastewater model, suggesting laccases as the main agents of wastewater decolourization by P. ostreatus. A laccase mixture was immobilized by entrapment in Cu-alginate beads, and the immobilized enzymes were shown to be effective
in batch decolourization, even after 15 stepwise additions of dye for a total exposure of about 1 month. 相似文献
5.
《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2007,59(1):32-39
The aim of this work was to investigate the poorly understood effects of co-culturing of two white rot fungi on the production of lignin-degrading enzyme activities. Four species, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Physisporinus rivulosus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus were cultured in pairs to study the degradation of aspen wood and the production of lignin-degrading enzymes. Potential of co-culturing for biopulping was evaluated. Chemical analysis of decayed aspen wood blocks showed that co-culturing of C. subvermispora with P. ostreatus could significantly stimulate wood decay, when compared to monocultures. Based on the fungi tested here, however, this effect is species-specific. Other combinations of fungi were slightly stimulating or not stimulatory. The pattern of lignin degradation was altered towards the acid insoluble part of lignin especially in co-cultures where P. ostreatus was included as a partner. The use of agar plates containing the polymeric dye Poly R-478 showed elevated dye decolourization at the confrontation zone between mycelia. Laccase was significantly stimulated only in the co-culture of P. ostreatus with C. subvermispora. Manganese peroxidase activity was stimulated in co-cultures of P. ostreatus with C. subvermispora or with P. rivulosus. Immunoblotting indicated changes in lignin-degrading enzymes and/or their isoform composition in response to co-culturing. This is the first report on the effects of co-culturing of potential biopulping fungi on wood degradation, and gives basic knowledge on fungal interactions during wood decay that can be utilized in practical applications. 相似文献
6.
《Process Biochemistry》2004,39(11):1433-1439
Rice straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate containing a high xylose concentration was used as fermentation medium to evaluate the kinetic behavior of Candida guilliermondii yeast (FTI 20037) during the bioconversion of xylose into xylitol. Assays were conducted first with detoxified and non-detoxified (raw) hydrolysates and semi-synthetic medium in agitated flasks, and second with detoxified hydrolysate in a stirred-tank bioreactor at a given oxygen transfer rate. The results for the agitated flasks showed that in detoxified hydrolysate the xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion by the yeast was as effective as in synthetic medium and 47% higher than in raw hydrolysate. In the stirred-tank bioreactor, the kinetic behavior of the yeast in detoxified hydrolysate was slower, resulting in smaller values of fermentative parameters, probably due to unsuitability of the oxygen transfer rate employed (KLa=22 h−1). 相似文献
7.
José Maria Rodrigues da Luz Sirlaine Albino Paes Karla Veloso Gon?alves Ribeiro Igor Rodrigues Mendes Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
We studied the biodegradation of green polyethylene (GP) by Pleurotus ostreatus. The GP was developed from renewable raw materials to help to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. However, little information regarding the biodegradation of GP discarded in the environment is available. P. ostreatus is a lignocellulolytic fungus that has been used in bioremediation processes for agroindustrial residues, pollutants, and recalcitrant compounds. Recently, we showed the potential of this fungus to degrade oxo-biodegradable polyethylene. GP plastic bags were exposed to sunlight for up to 120 days to induce the initial photodegradation of the polymers. After this period, no cracks, pits, or new functional groups in the structure of GP were observed. Fragments of these bags were used as the substrate for the growth of P. ostreatus. After 30 d of incubation, physical and chemical alterations in the structure of GP were observed. We conclude that the exposure of GP to sunlight and its subsequent incubation in the presence of P. ostreatus can decrease the half-life of GP and facilitate the mineralization of these polymers. 相似文献
8.
Priscila M. Dellamatrice Regina T. R. Monteiro Hélio M. Kamida Neusa L. Nogueira Mônica L. Rossi Christian Blaise 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2005,21(8-9):1363-1369
Summary The Americana Municipal Treatment Station, S?o Paulo, Brazil, manages 400 l of effluent s−1, from domestic and textile origin, which produces an average of 20 t of sludge per day. The decolourization of the effluent
and sludge by three strains of Pleurotus (Pleurotus sajor-caju F2, F6 and Pleurotus ostreatus) was evaluated. The strains of P. sajor-caju F2 and F6 were able to decolourize the sludge, while P. ostreatus was less efficient. Detoxification was appraised with three bioassays comprising the cnidarian Hydra attenuata, the alga Selenastrum capricornutum and lettuce seeds. After exposure to fungi, effluent toxicity decreased but not that of its sludge. Strain P. sajor-caju F6 presented signs of toxicity shown by electron microscopy in the presence of the effluent. The three strains produced high
amounts of manganese-peroxidase (Mn–P) and laccase in the presence of the sludge. Although P. ostreatus produced large amount of Mn–P and laccase enzymes, these enzymes did not result in decolourization of the sludge, suggesting
that other factors are likely to be involved. Carbon content decreased only in the treatment with P. ostreatus. 相似文献
9.
《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2003,51(1):37-41
Growth and polyphenol biodegradation by three microorganisms namely Geotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp. and Candida tropicalis were studied on olive mill wastewater (OMW). These three microorganisms were selected for their tolerance to the polyphenols. The biodegradation process of OMW was investigated in batch regime by conducting experiments where the initial concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was varied. Furthermore, some tests were performed to determine the most important nutrients necessary for aerobic degradation of OMW. Average COD removals were 55.0%, 52.5% and 62.8% in wastewaters fermented with Geotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp. and C. tropicalis, respectively. The maximum removal of polyphenols was 46.6% (Geotrichum sp.), 44.3% (Aspergillus sp.) and 51.7% (C. tropicalis). In addition, significant decolorization was evident. 相似文献
10.
Roselei Claudete Fontana Tomás Augusto PolidoroMauricio Moura da Silveira 《Bioresource technology》2009,100(19):4493-4498
The production of endo and exo-polygalacturonase (PG) by Aspergillus oryzae IPT 301 was studied in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) and an internal circulation airlift bioreactor. Using a factorial experimental design, a soluble culture medium was defined which allowed the production of exo- and endo-PG comparable to that obtained in a medium containing suspended wheat bran. The soluble medium was used in tests to compare the production of these enzymes in the STR and airlift bioreactor. In these tests, after 96 h, maximum enzymatic activity values achieved for exo- and endo-PG were 65.2 units (U) per mL and 91.3 U mL−1, in the STR, with similar activity values of 60.6 U mL−1 and 86.2 U mL−1, respectively, being achieved in the airlift bioreactor. The airlift bioreactor also showed satisfactory results regarding the oxygen transfer rate in this process, indicating its potential to be used in an eventual larger scale production of exo- and endo-PG, with lower costs for both installation and operation. 相似文献
11.
Mazumder S Bose S Bandopadhyay A Alam S Mukherjee M 《Letters in applied microbiology》2008,47(4):355-360
Aims: To achieve high laccase production from Pleurotus ostreatus in a bench top bioreactor and to utilize the enzyme for determination of the total antioxidant concentration (TAC) of human plasma. Methods and Results: Laccase production by P. ostreatus studied in a benchtop bioreactor was as high as, 874·0 U ml?1 in presence of copper sulfate. The enzyme was used to replace metmyoglobin and hydrogen peroxide for the estimation of TAC in human plasma. The trolox equivalent antioxidant concentrations determined by the laccase‐based method and metmyoglobin method ranged from 1·63 ± 0·011 to 1·80 ± 0·006 mmol l?1 and from 1·41 ± 0·004 to 1·51 ± 0·008 mmol l?1 plasma, respectively. Conclusions: Pleurotus ostreatus produced high amount of extracellular laccase in a benchtop bioreactor. The enzyme can be used to assay TAC of blood plasma without the interference encountered with the hydrogen peroxide and metmyoglobin mediated assay method. Significance and Impact of the Study: Laccase production by P. ostreatus obtained in this study was the highest among all reported laccase producing white‐rot fungi. Moreover, an accurate laccase‐based assay method was developed for detection of TAC in human plasma. 相似文献
12.
Results of pilot plant studies using an external-loop airlift bioreactor (170 l fermentation volume, liquid height-to-riser diameter: 27, loop-to-tower cross-section-area: 0.1225) have proven the relative merits of such a system in the bacitracin biosynthesis produced by the Bacillus licheniformis submerged aerobic cultivation. The results were compared to those obtained in a pilot-scale stirred-tank bioreactor with the same values of kLa. Excepting the aeration rate of 0.2 vvm, the fermentation process performed at 0.5 vvm and 1/0 vvm, respectively, unfolded similarly in the two fermentation devices with respect to the cell mass production, substrate utilization and bacitracin production during the fermentation process. In the riser section of the airlift bioreactor, the dissolved oxygen levels were higher, while in the downcomer section they were lower than those realized in the stirred tank bioreactor. Power requirements of the airlift fermenter were by 17–64% lower than those for a mechanically agitated system, depending on the aeration rates, which led to an important energy saving. Moreover, the lack of mechanical devices in the airlift system provides safety and a more gentle environment for the cultivation of microorganisms. 相似文献
13.
Sabrina Feliciano Oliveira José Maria Rodrigues da Luz Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya Luiz Orlando Ladeira Ary Correa Junior 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2018,25(4):651-659
The majority of the textile dyes are harmful to the environment and potentially carcinogenic. Among strategies for their exclusion, the treatment of dye contaminated wastewater with fungal extract, containing lignin peroxidase (LiP), may be useful. Two fungi isolates, Pleurotus ostreatus (PLO9) and Ganoderma lucidum (GRM117), produced the enzymatic extract by fermentation in the lignocellulosic residue, Jatropha curcas seed cake. The extracts from PLO9 and GRM117 were immobilized on carbon nanotubes and showed an increase of 18 and 27-fold of LiP specific activity compared to the free enzyme. Also, LiP from both fungi extracts showed higher Vmax and lower Km values. Only the immobilized extracts could be efficiently reused in the dye decolourization, contrary, the carbon nanotubes became saturated and they should be discarded over time. This device may offer a final biocatalyst with higher catalytic efficiency and capability to be reused in the dye decolourization process. 相似文献
14.
Nedra Asses Lamia Ayed Hassib Bouallagui Sami Sayadi Moktar Hamdi 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2009,63(4):407-413
The decolourisation of fresh and stored olive mill wastewaters (OMW) and the biodegradation of three groups (F1, F2 and F3) of phenolic compounds by Geotrichum candidum were investigated. Separated phenolic compounds derived from natural OMW ultrafiltration using membranes with a cutoff 2and 100 kDa. G. candidum growth on fresh OMW decreased pH and reduced COD and colour of 75% and 65%, respectively. However, on the stored-black OMW a failure of COD and colour removal were observed. G. candidum activity on this later substrate was enhanced by the addition of a carbon source easily metabolised, misleading an improvement of the COD reduction and decolourization that reached 58% and 48%, respectively. Growth of G. candidum in the presence of F2 or F3 polyphenolic fractions induced high decolourisation and depolymerisation of phenolic compounds. Whereas, very week decolourisation and biodegradation were observed with F1 fraction. Moreover, the highest levels of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities were obtained in the presence of F2 fraction. These results showed that increasing of molecular-mass of aromatics led to an increase in levels of depolymerisation, decolourisation and COD removal by G. candidum culture. 相似文献
15.
Summary Solid state cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus, Agrocybe aegerita, and Armillariella mellea were carried out on orange peel (OP) and distillery grape stalks (GS), single or mixed, and compared with that on wheat straw (WS). Good levels of substrate colonization were achieved on OP and GS by P. ostreatus and A. aegerita, whereas A. mellea was grown on OP alone or mixed with GS. A. aegerita completed its life cycle producing basidiocarps on all substrates, while P. ostreatus fruited only on WS and OP+GS. A. mellea did not produce basidiocarps during the experiment. Indeed, P. ostreatus and A. aegerita depleted 50%–60% and 20%–30% of the lignin content, respectively, for OP and GS, while A. mellea degraded 22% of lignin only on GS. The latter fungus utilized only water soluble sugars on OP and OP+GS and so it would not be suitable for direct bioconversion of these raw materials. The results obtained, compared with those of the WS fermentation process, suggest the possibility of utilizing such lignocellulosic substrates as ruminant feed. 相似文献
16.
O. Marisa Herrero María S. Villalba Mariana P. Lanfranconi Héctor M. Alvarez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2018,34(8):114
The accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAG) is a common feature among actinobacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus. Some rhodococcal species are able to produce significant amounts of those lipids from different single substrates, such as glucose, gluconate or hexadecane. In this study we analyzed the ability of different species to produce lipids from olive oil mill wastes (OMW), and the possibility to enhance lipid production by genetic engineering. OMW base medium prepared from alperujo, which exhibited high values of chemical oxygen demand (127,000 mg/l) and C/N ratio (508), supported good growth and TAG production by some rhodococci. R. opacus, R. wratislaviensis and R. jostii were more efficient at producing cell biomass (2.2–2.7 g/l) and lipids (77–83% of CDW, 1.8–2.2 g/l) from OMW than R. fascians, R. erythropolis and R. equi (1.1–1.6 g/l of cell biomass and 7.1–14.0% of CDW, 0.1–0.2 g/l of lipids). Overexpression of a gene coding for a fatty acid importer in R. jostii RHA1 promoted an increase of 2.2 fold of cellular biomass value with a concomitant increase in lipids production during cultivation of cells in OMW. This study demonstrates that the bioconversion of OMW to microbial lipids is feasible using more robust rhodococal strains. The efficiency of this bioconversion can be significantly enhanced by engineering strategies. 相似文献
17.
Microbiol flora acclimated in continuous pilot scale bubble column fed with OMW was analysed. The most efficient isolated fungus was identified to white-rot fungus Geotrichum candidum. Decolorization of OMW by Geotrichum candidum was investigated by using Hadamard's matrix for screening the important parameters and optimize them in order to control the biological decolorization. Agitation favours the conversion of COD removed into Geotrichum candidum biomass especially with high arthoconodia and few mycelium. Dilution of OMW and aeration enhanced the mycelium growth and rammification which that allowed polyphenols hydrolysis and then a decolorization. The initial pH of OMW is suitable for its decolorization by Geotrichum candidum growth. Ammonium sulfate concentrations tested with different OMW dilutions showed that the COD:N:S ratio of 100:5:2 is suitable for higher black colour removal. With optimized conditions Geotrichum candidum growth on OMW in laboratory scale bubble column, the OD removal reached 70% and all fractions of polyphenolic compounds of OMW were oxidized. 相似文献
18.
Bleve G Lezzi C Chiriatti MA D'Ostuni I Tristezza M Di Venere D Sergio L Mita G Grieco F 《Bioresource technology》2011,102(2):982-989
The yeast population dynamics in olive wastewaters (OMW), sampled in five mills from Salento (Apulia, Southern Italy), were investigated. Three hundred yeasts were isolated in five industrial mills and identified by molecular analysis. Strains belonging to Geotrichum, Saccharomyces, Pichia, Rhodotorula and Candida were detected. Five G. candidum strains were able to grow in OMW as the sole carbon source and to reduce phenolics, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and antimicrobial compounds. One G. candidum isolate was selected for whole-cell immobilization in calcium alginate gel. The COD and phenolic reduction obtained with immobilized cells showed a 2.2- and 2-fold increase compared to the removal obtained with free cells, respectively. The immobilization system enhanced yeast oxidative activity by avoiding the presence of microbial protease in treated OMW. To our knowledge, this is the first report on G. candidum whole-cell immobilization for OMW bioremediation. 相似文献
19.
Jožica Friedrich Aleksa Cimerman Anton Perdih 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1986,24(5):432-434
Summary The suitability of three ascomycetous fungi, Aspergillus niger, A. awamori and Trichoderma reesei, as well as two basidiomycetes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, for bioconversion of apple distillery slop was compared. Trichoderma and Phanerochaete degraded raw fiberes by 20%, producing filter cakes with 17% to 22% raw protein contents. Aspergillus spp. were superior in filtration time and COD reduction and were of the same efficiency in protein synthesis as Trichoderma and Phanerochaete, but did not degrade fibres. Pleurotus ostreatus did not degrade lignin under fermentation conditions used and could not compete with other fungi due to its slower growth. 相似文献