联合补充维生素D、胶原肽和钙对成骨细胞发育的影响研究

目的：观察联合补充维生素D、胶原肽和钙对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖及对骨保护素细胞内核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL）、骨保护素（Osteoprotegerin,OPG）基因表达的影响。方法：α-MEM培养基培养MC3T3-E1细胞。检测Ca2+（20 μg/mL）、维生素D（0、10-12、10-11mol/L）、胶原肽（0、50、100μg/mL）三者交互作用剂量对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖的作用及RANKL、OPG mRNA表达。结果：维生素D、胶原肽和钙交互剂量作用下细胞增殖水平无明显差异。维生素D联合钙能够明显降低RANKL mRNA表达水平,提高OPG mRNA表达水平,降低RANKL/OPG比值。而胶原肽联合钙对RANKL以及 OPG mRNA表达无明显影响。结论：维生素D联合钙可通过抑制小鼠成骨细胞RANKL mRNA表达、促进OPG mRNA表达,从而促进骨的形成,抑制骨的吸收。维生素D和钙联合补充胶原肽,对成骨细胞RANKL,OPG mRNA表达并无明显影响。     

热作用下成骨细胞HSP70 mRNA的表达变化及其对破骨细胞增殖的影响

目的:研究不同温度热作用对小鼠成骨细胞系中HSP70 mRNA表达水平的影响及其培养液对小鼠破骨细胞增殖的影响.方法:取小鼠成骨细胞系MC3T3,不同温度(37℃-39℃-41℃-42.5℃)作用其一周,RT PCR方法观察其HSP70表达水平变化,同时取其培养液上清与小鼠破骨前体细胞RAW264.7共培养,MTT法观察其增殖情况.结果:经不同温度热(37℃-39℃-41℃-42.5℃)处理后,MC3T3细胞系中HSP70表达水平明显增加,并且呈现与温度梯度依赖性,其处理后的上清液分别与小鼠破故前体细胞系RAW264.7共培养,MTT法测定其增值水平,结果其增殖受到抑制,且抑制水平与温度呈梯度依赖关系.结论:热刺激可以促进成骨细胞中HSP70的表达,促使成骨细胞抑制破骨细胞增殖,HSP70可能是参与调控成骨细胞与破骨细胞平衡的重要因子.     

甲状旁腺激素对成骨细胞中ClC-3 氯通道表达及成骨分化影响的研究

目的:观察甲状旁腺激素(PTH)对成骨细胞中Cl C-3氯通道表达及成骨分化影响,初步探索Cl C-3介导PTH在细胞成骨分化中的作用。方法:采用10-8M、10-9M、10-10M PTH持续刺激和间断刺激MC3T3-E1细胞72 h后,通过CCK-8试剂盒法检测MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖情况,Real-Time PCR法检测MC3T3-E1细胞中Clcn3及成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2的表达情况,免疫荧光法检测10-9M PTH不同给药方式下对Cl C-3蛋白表达的影响。结果 :经不同浓度PTH连续和间断处理72 h后,结果显示10-9 M PTH间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖能力最强,且其Alp、Runx2 m RNA表达均高于10-8 M组和10-10 M组(P<0.05),而相同浓度间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞成骨相关基因的表达均高于持续刺激组,以10-9M间断刺激组差异最显著(P<0.05),而10-8 M和10-10M均无统计学差异(P>0.05),10-9 M PTH刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞中Cl C-3蛋白表达也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 :成骨细胞的Cl C-3氯通道能够响应PTH的刺激发生变化,并伴随着成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2表达的增强。     

锌协同三羟异黄酮对成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的影响

目的:观察锌协同三羟异黄酮对成骨细胞MC3T3-E1增殖、细胞中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量、骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响,探讨锌协同三羟异黄酮对骨质疏松的防治作用.方法:采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝比色法检测(1×10-7)mol/L、(1×10-6)mol/L、(1x 10-5)mol/L、(1×10-4)mol/L的三羟异黄酮以及与(1×10-5)mol/L锌联合作用时对MC3T3-E1增殖的作用;应用Western blot法检测三羟异黄酮与锌联合作用前后,成骨细胞中BMP-2蛋白的表达水平,用比色法检测MC3T3-E1中ALP的含量.结果:锌与三羟异黄酮单独作用或协同作用于MC3T3-E1细胞,其增殖率随着三羟异黄酮浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而升高,(1×10-5)mol/L的三羟异黄酮协同(1×10-5)mol/L的锌作用72h,其细胞增殖率为(160.1±14.3)%.细胞中的LP含量及BMP-2的表达也随着三羟异黄酮浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而增加.三羟异黄酮和锌联合作用后,对ALP活性的增强、BMP-2表达的增加作用均较各自单独作用时更为明显(P＜0.05).结论:三羟异黄酮与锌协同作用表现出雌激素效应,可通过促进骨形成蛋白的合成从而促进成骨细胞的增殖、增加骨量.     

小鼠RNA干扰RelA基因慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建小鼠Rel A基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,转染小鼠成骨样细胞并鉴定。方法:针对小鼠Rel A基因序列,设计特异性的sh RNA序列,应用基因重组技术插入慢病毒载体GV-248。得到的重组质粒转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选得到阳性克隆并扩大培养。所得质粒进行测序分析确定载体构建成功。重组质粒载体及包装辅助质粒转染293T细胞,得到目的病毒并测定相应病毒滴度。慢病毒转染MC3T3-E1细胞后,Real-time PCR及Western blot检测MC3T3-E1细胞Rel A基因及成骨相关基因ALP、OCN、RANKL的表达。结果:成功构建小鼠Rel A基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,感染MC3T3-E1细胞后,Rel A基因的表达明显受到抑制,同时RANKL基因表达水平明显下降,ALP、OCN基因表达水平明显上升。结论:成功构建了小鼠Rel A基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体。当小鼠成骨细胞Rel A基因表达被干扰,NF-κB通路被抑制后,小鼠成骨细胞成骨相关基因ALP、OCN的表达明显上升,成骨功能增强;同时RANKL的表达明显下降,其介导的破骨细胞骨吸收功能减弱。     

巴戟天及其糖提取物对于体外培养成骨细胞OPG/RANKL基因系统表达的影响

目的:探讨巴戟天及多糖提取物对成骨细胞骨保护素(OPG)/核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)基因系统表达的影响。方法:取2~3天的SD大鼠5只分离原代成骨细胞,再取8周龄SD大鼠35只随机分为七组,对照组不进行处理,三组给予10 g/L、50 g/L、100 g/L巴戟天水灌胃,其余三组分别给予10 g/L、50 g/L、100 g/L巴戟天多糖灌胃,72 h后采用采用ELISA法测定培养液中OPG、RANKL及骨钙素的含量,采用MTT法检测不同浓度巴戟天水及多糖提取物对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响,采用荧光定量PCR检测OPG和RANKL mRNA表达情况;通过Westernblot检测OPG和RANKL蛋白表达水平。结果:巴戟天水及多糖提取物组A570nm、ALP活性、骨钙素含量、OPG/RANKL mRNA表达量、OPG和RANKL蛋白表达阳性密度均高于对照组(P0.05);A 570 nm、ALP活性、骨钙素含量、OPG/RANKL mRNA表达量、OPG和RANKL蛋白表达阳性密度均高于同等剂量的水提取物各组(P0.05);巴戟天多糖组中随着多糖剂量的升高A 570 nm、ALP活性、骨钙素含量、OPG/RANKL mRNA表达量、OPG和RANKL蛋白表达阳性密度,差异比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:巴戟天水及多糖提取物均能促进体外培养成骨细胞的增殖,提高成骨细胞活性。     

流体剪切力对成骨细胞LEF-1蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨MC3T3-E1细胞在流体剪切力作用下LEF-1的表达。方法：通过流体剪切加载系统对MC3T3-E1爬片细胞施加12dyn/cm的流体剪切力,分别作用0h,2h,4h,8h,12h,用RT-PCR方法检测细胞受力前后LEF-1 mRNA表达的变化;应用免疫荧光双标记法检测不同时间点流体剪切力作用下MC3T3-E1细胞中的LEF-1 mRNA表达改变。结果：RT-PCR和免疫荧光双标记法的结果表明12dyn/cm 8h流体剪切力作用下的MC3T3-E1细胞LEF-1 mRNA的表达较其它各组明显增强。结论：通过流体剪切力力学刺激,激活了成骨细胞LEF-1/TCF1转录活动,LEF-1 mRNA的表达增强可能是成骨细胞经典Wnt信号通路对剪切应力的应答反应。     

雷奈酸锶在高糖诱导的成骨细胞损伤中的保护作用

目的:探究雷奈酸锶(SR)在高糖诱导的成骨细胞损伤中的保护作用。方法:体外培养MC3T3-E1成骨细胞,用MTT法筛选出能够诱导成骨细胞活性显著降低的高糖浓度,以及能够促进成骨细胞活性的最优SR浓度,随后观察SR对高糖诱导的成骨细胞的作用效果。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测凋亡水平,PCR和ELISA分别检测骨形成相关基因表达和蛋白分泌水平。结果:0.50 mmol/L的SR能够显著增强高糖诱导的MC3T3-E1成骨细胞的增殖能力和细胞活性,降低细胞凋亡水平,改善细胞形态,并显著促进Runx2、OCN、COL-1、BMP-2、IGF-1等的表达。结论:SR能够通过增加成骨细胞活性、抑制成骨细胞凋亡、促进骨形成相关因子的表达和分泌,发挥对高糖诱导的成骨细胞损伤的保护作用,为SR发挥糖尿病骨质疏松的治疗作用提供了实验依据。     

小鼠RNA干扰基因RelA慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建小鼠RelA 基因的RNA 干扰慢病毒载体,转染小鼠成骨样细胞并鉴定。方法：针对小鼠RelA 基因序列,设计特异 性的shRNA 序列,应用基因重组技术插入慢病毒载体GV-248。得到的重组质粒转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5-alpha,筛选得到阳性克隆 并扩大培养。所得质粒进行测序分析确定载体构建成功。重组质粒载体及包装辅助质粒转染293T 细胞,得到目的病毒并测定相 应病毒滴度。慢病毒转染MC3T3-E1 细胞后,Real-time PCR 及Western blot 检测MC3T3-E1 细胞RelA 基因及成骨相关基因 ALP、OCN、RANKL的表达。结果：成功构建小鼠RelA 基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,感染MC3T3-E1 细胞后,RelA 基因的表达 明显受到抑制,同时RANKL基因表达水平明显下降,ALP、OCN基因表达水平明显上升。结论：成功构建了小鼠RelA 基因的 RNA 干扰慢病毒载体。当小鼠成骨细胞RelA基因表达被干扰,NF-资B 通路被抑制后,小鼠成骨细胞成骨相关基因ALP、OCN的 表达明显上升,成骨功能增强;同时RANKL 的表达明显下降,其介导的破骨细胞骨吸收功能减弱。     

模拟微重力通过调节AKT磷酸化抑制前成骨细胞的增殖

目的:研究模拟微重力对前成骨细胞的增殖作用及其分子机制。方法:利用2D回转器模拟失重条件培养前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1 24小时;将p-AKT激活剂SC79加入细胞培养基后模拟失重条件下培养前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1 24小时;利用Western blot技术分别检测细胞增殖相关蛋白PCNA以及AKT、p-AKT的表达变化情况。结果:(1)与对照组相比,模拟失重组前成骨细胞增殖受到抑制(P0.01),p-AKT/AKT比值减小(P0.01);(2)加入SC79组与对照组相比,p-AKT/AKT比值显著增加;(3)加入SC79的模拟失重组(MG+SC79)与模拟失重组相比(MG),p-AKT/AKT比值增加,PCNA蛋白表达增加(P0.01),成骨细胞增殖有所恢复。结论:模拟微重力可能通过抑制AKT的磷酸化形式抑制前成骨细胞的增殖,加入p-AKT激活剂可部分恢复前成骨细胞的增殖。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.