栽培条叶龙胆根中龙胆苦苷含量差异的研究

采用高效液相色谱法,测定栽培条叶龙胆根中龙胆苦苷的含量,结果表明:花末期(9月3日)龙胆苦苷含量高于果期(9月18日)和枯萎期(10月10日);同一根系中二龄根的含量显著高于一龄根;有性后代个体之间龙胆苦苷含量差异显著,对条叶龙胆进行高含量育种研究是可行的。     

条叶龙胆离体根培养条件的初步研究

本试验对条叶龙胆(Gentiana manshurica)离体根生长的培养基种类、光、通气进行了试验,并在此基础上用正交试验法对影响离体根生长的7个主要成分进行了试验。找出了适合条叶龙胆离体根生长和鲜重增加的培养基是white+CH 50 mg/l,IBA 0.1 mg/l,基本培养中相应的VB_1改为0.5 mg/l,蔗糖30 g/l,pH4。     

条叶龙胆离体根培养条件的初步研究

本试验对条叶龙胆(Gentiana manshurica)离体根生长的培养基种类、光、通气进行了试验,并在此基础上用正交试验法对影响离体根生长的7个主要成分进行了试验。找出了适合条叶龙胆离体根生长和鲜重增加的培养基是white+CH 50 mg/L, IBA 0.1 mg/L, 基本培养中相应的VB1改为0.5 mg／L,蔗糖30 g／L,pH4。     

响应面法优化线叶龙胆中龙胆苦苷提取工艺

采用响应面法优化乙醇热回流提取线叶龙胆中龙胆苦苷的提取工艺。在单因素试验基础上,选择乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间为自变量,以龙胆苦苷提取率为响应值,进行Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计,采用响应面法(RSM)评估其对龙胆苦苷提取率的影响。在乙醇浓度71%,液料比34:1,提取时间83min时,提取率达4.52%。     

野生坚龙胆及其组培苗中龙胆苦苷的含量分析

利用含有α-萘乙酸(NAA)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和激动素(KT)等激素的MS固体培养基,对野生坚龙胆进行组培苗诱导培养。同时,应用高效液相色谱技术对野生坚龙胆和其组培苗的根、茎和叶中的龙胆苦苷进行含量分析和比较研究。结果发现,野生坚龙胆中的龙胆苦苷主要储存于根部,而组培坚龙胆中龙胆苦苷在根中的含量甚微,主要集中在茎、叶部位,且在出根初期组培坚龙胆叶中的龙胆苦苷含量近似于或略大于野生坚龙胆根中的含量。研究结果提示,坚龙胆中的绿色组织是龙胆苦苷合成的部位,这些部位同时具有龙胆苦苷的储藏功能。     

粗糙龙胆地下器官龙胆苦苷和可溶性糖含量的动态研究

对两个栽培地点北安和呼兰产粗糙龙胆的主要有效成分龙胆苦苷的含量和可溶性糖含量进行了研究。结果表明:龙胆苦苷含量随发育节律而波动,6月份虽然有一个积累高峰,但含水率高,不宜定为采收期,适宜采收期均应是花期和休眠期。可溶性糖含量相应在6月份出现先低后高的趋势,在生长后期则积累较多。     

秦艽根中柱裂分结构的发生及龙胆苦苷的积累研究

采用植物解剖学、组织化学、分析化学和现代仪器分析技术相结合的方法,系统研究了秦艽根的中柱裂分发生、有效成分积累部位及其结构与有效成分的积累关系。结果表明：（1）秦艽根的中柱裂分发生是由于维管形成层和薄壁细胞的异常活动,使原维管柱裂分为几个相对独立的维管柱,这些独立的维管柱被木栓化细胞包围,主根裂分为支根;（2）秦艽根中的有效成分主要存在于维管组织的韧皮薄壁细胞和木薄壁细胞中;（3）秦艽根中裂分部位的龙胆苦苷含量为未裂分部位的60%。     

苦龙胆酯苷的研究进展

苦龙胆酯苷是一种裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物,又称为苦龙苷或龙胆苦酯苷。其分子式为:C27H28O14,分子量为576.52,是已知最苦的裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物。目前已证明可从川东獐牙菜、印度獐牙菜、龙胆草以及辐花肋柱花中提取。辐花肋柱花是最新证明的可提取苦龙胆酯苷的植物。苦龙胆酯苷具有助消化,保肝,抗皮肤肿瘤,抗黑热病等药理活性。在古代印度传统医药以及中药藏药中,苦龙胆酯苷的来源植物是治疗消化系统相关疾病的一味常见的草药,如保肝、抗糖尿病等。在体内药代动力学研究中,兔静脉注射苦龙胆酯苷,在血中有较快的清除率(2.62±0.41 L/h/kg)和广泛的体内组织分布(1.08±0.44 L/kg);采用游离、脂质体和囊泡体形式给仓鼠用药具有明显保护肝肾功能且未发现明显不良反应。     

发根农杆菌转化龙胆再生植株的研究

本文利用具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)通过叶盘法对药用植物龙胆(Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa)进行了转化实验,发根农杆菌15834感染龙胆,诱发产生毛状根,并得到再生的龙胆植株,冠瘿碱检测实验表明,再生植株显示甘露碱带(mannopine),说明发根农杆菌Ri质粒的T-DNA部分已转移到龙胆植物细胞中。再生的龙胆丛生苗可以在不含激素的简化培养基上快速无限繁殖,转化的龙胆植株明显具有发达的根系,且根部龙胆苦甙含量比对照高,从而为东北龙胆栽培事业的发展以及龙胆有效成份的工业化生产提供了新的途径。     

Callus Culture and Gentiopicroside Formation in Gentiana manshurica Kitag.

Suitable medium for callus growth and gentiopicroside formation of Gentiana manshurica Kitag. was studied employing orthogonal design and monofactorial experiment. The results showed that combination of NAA 1 mg/L +KT 0.5 mg/L was best for callus growth, while NAA lmg/L, is the suitable phytohormone for gentiopicroside formation. B5 medium was suitable for callus growth while MS medium was suitable for gentiopicroside formation. The experiment of orthogonal design indicates that NH4+/NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and sucrose were the factors significantly affecting fresh weight, dry weight and gentiopicroside content of callus. However, the level of some factors for callus growth was different from that for gentiopicroside formation. In 18 different media, No. 7 was best for callus growth and No.10 medium was best for gentiopicroside formation.     

大叶秦艽的组织培养与植株再生

以秦艽的叶和下胚轴为外植体,成功地诱导出愈伤组织和再生植株.诱导愈伤组织最合适的培养基为附加2 m g·L- 1 2 ,4 - D和0 .5 mg·L- 1 6 - BA的MS培养基,诱导率可达到10 0 % .愈伤组织转移到附加2 mg·L- 12 ,4 - D和0 .5 mg·L- 1 KT和5 0 0 m g·L- 1 L H的MS培养基上进行继代培养,增殖后的愈伤组织转移到附加0 .1mg·L- 1 2 ,4 - D和0 .5 m g·L- 1 6 - BA的MS分化培养基上进行分化,其分化率可达到86 .6 7% ,将分化出的芽转接到不加激素的MS上,结果可生长出大量的分化苗.     

关龙胆地上部分的保肝作用

选用D-半乳糖胺、硫代乙酰胺、四氯化碳三个肝损伤毒物构建肝损伤模型,研究了关龙胆地上部分对于不同机制引起的肝损伤的保肝作用。实验结果表明关龙胆地上部分有保肝作用,可降低各种肝损伤模型的ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)、AKP(碱性磷酸酶)等,从而证明了关龙胆地上部分有一定药用价值,用全草取代地下部分入药有一定的可行性。     

Studies on Formation of Flower Bud and Prerequisite of Flowering in Vitro in Gentiana manshurica Kitag

Large amounts of plantlets of Gentiana manshurica Kitag. from germinated seeds in vitro can be obtained by micropropagation. Flower buds differentiate on shoot tip and leaf axil when ptantlets are transferred into MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l zeatin, 0.2 mg/l NAA, 0.4 mg/l kinetin and 2 mg/l succinic acid-2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide under the cultural conditions of 28±2℃, 1,300 lx and 8 hours per day. The anthesis of blue-purple flower can prolong to 4 weeks. The development of pollen and ovule is normal and is similar to that of Gentiaceae described in the monograph"Systematic embryology of the angiosperms", by Davis (1966). Flowers in vitro are utilized expectantly for breeding or for commerical use directly.     

Chemical components from Gentiana aristata

Two new, highly oxygenated ursane-type triterpenoids with an epidioxy function, compounds 1 and 2, as well as a new stanside-derived iridoid, compound 10, were isolated from the EtOH extract of Gentiana aristata (whole plant), together with 14 known constituents. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic investigations, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by means of HR-MS. Compounds 3 and 5-9 were screened in vitro for their cytotoxicities against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), human ovarian (HO-8910), and human lung epithelia (A-549) cancer cells.     

Five New Glycoside Constituents from the Roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.

Three undescribed glycoside constituents, macrophyllosides E-G and a pair of iridoid glycosides genticrasides A/B, together with eleven known glycoside compounds were isolated from the roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. Their structures were identified by means of spectra analysis and data comparison with previous literatures. Interestingly, the glucose moieties in macrophylloside E and F possess free anomeric hydroxy groups. Genticrasides A/B, identified as a pair of iridoid originated lactones, have not been reported from Gentianaceae family up to now. The anti-inflammatory effects of selected compounds were also evaluated through the nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In which, macrophyllosides G and D showed NO inhibitory activities with rates of 76.14±4.02 % and 52.44±8.29 % at 100 μg/mL.