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采用GMA(Glycol methacrylate;乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)半薄切片法;利用比较解剖学对独行菜族中代表植物8属25种果实及种子微形态结构进行观察分析。同时;以菥蓂属菥蓂为例详细介绍了假隔膜的形成过程。结果显示独行菜族果实及种子微形态特征明显;果实均为短角果;除厚壁荠属和沙芥属果实为背腹压扁外;其他属种均为两侧压扁;果实边缘有翅为独行菜族的典型特征;可分为周翅、微翅、宽翅及披针形翅;部分果皮细胞有纤维层;偶有木化;除菘蓝属、厚壁荠属、沙芥属无假隔膜结构外;其他属种均具有明显的假隔膜。种子大小为(0.8~10) mm×(0.5~2.8) mm;种皮纹饰丰富;遇水或潮湿环境可形成粘液种子。种皮通常由薄壁细胞构成;偶有木化;具内含物;除高河菜属和菥蓂属子叶与胚根的排列方式为子叶缘倚;其他属种均为子叶背倚。假隔膜为内果皮细胞向内延伸连接而成。本文完善了独行菜族果实及种子微形态结构信息;为分子系统学等其他相关研究提供基础资料。 相似文献
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果皮和种皮微形态特征在杜鹃花属系统学研究中的应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用扫描电子显微镜对国产杜鹃花属Rhododendron6个亚属的代表种和近缘类群杜香属Ledum杜香L.palustre的果皮和种皮微形态特征进行观察,对杜鹃花属植物果皮微形态特征进行了系统描述,并通过比较现存杜鹃花属植物和种子化石,新发现一些居间的种子类型。结果表明,果皮和种皮微形态特征具有一定的系统学意义。叶状苞亚属subgen.Therorhodion的叶状苞杜鹃R.redowskianum的果实有短而疏的刺毛,无气孔,种子为无翅类,扁平,外围轮廓长椭圆形。杜鹃亚属subgen.Rhododendron植物果皮为百合花杜鹃型,具有鳞片,气孔器散生于指状突起之间,与叶表皮的微形态特征一致,其种子为百合花杜鹃型,表面具宽而浅的沟,呈脑纹状,有别于无鳞类杜鹃花。常绿杜鹃亚属subgen.Hymenanthes果皮为云锦杜鹃型,其角质层表面不规则,无表皮毛,偶见气孔;种子为云锦杜鹃型。映山红亚属subgen.Tsutsusi果皮为岭南杜鹃型,密生长表皮毛,角质层致密;种子为南边杜鹃型和岭南杜鹃型。微形态特征与“常绿杜鹃亚属和(国产)映山红亚属均为内部支持率很高的单系类群”的分子系统发育研究结果一致。马银花亚属subgen.Azaleastrum的马银花组sect.Azaleastrum和长蕊杜鹃组sect.Choniastrum微形态区别明显,支持各自为独立的单系类群。羊踯躅亚属subgen.Pentanthera的羊踯躅R.molle果皮特征明显,可与其他亚属区分,但种子类型更接近常绿杜鹃亚属。本研究结合分子系统发育资料和叶表皮微形态特征讨论了一些近缘类群的系统发育关系;研究结果支持将腺萼马银花处理为独立的种。 相似文献
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独行菜属植物叶片脉序的比较观察 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对独行菜属(Lepidium)8种,1变种进行了叶片脉的比较观察,结果表明:它们的一级脉中等粗细,基部1~2对侧生,一级脉与二级脉连志成拟环结两行羽状脉;三级脉贯穿型或结网型,叶缘末级脉为不完全型,网眼大小,形状不规则,发育均为不完善型,可为探讨十字花科的系统演化提供一些形态学依据。 相似文献
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利用扫描电镜对35种1变种柃属(Eurya)植物种子的微形态特征进行了研究,并采用相对大小(长×宽)RS值和种皮表面纹饰作为种子形态比较的特征参数。结果显示,柃属种子根据相对大小RS值可划分为小型(RS<1.0),中型(1.03.0)三个等级,最小的种子相对大小不足0.5,最大的种子相对大小超过10;种皮表面纹饰分为负网纹和网纹两种类型,网纹类型在网眼的方向性、网眼形状、网眼深度、网脊特点等方面呈现出种间多样性,可用于类群的比较和鉴别。文中同时还探讨了种子大小及种皮微形态在属内的系统发育关系,推测了种皮表面纹饰的演化路线,研究结果表明种子的微形态特征对本属植物系统分类及进化研究具有重要意义,可为属内一些关键种系统位置的分析提供重要佐证。 相似文献
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酢浆草属5种植物的微形态特征观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用光镜和扫描电镜观察了酢浆草属(Oxalis L.)5种植物的叶、花、花粉和部分种子的微形态结构。5种植物叶片上均具有平列型气孔器,外围3~4个不规则表皮细胞;酢浆草(O.corniculata L.)、铜锤草(O.corymbosa DC.)及白花酢浆草(O.acetosella L.)叶片两面均有气孔器,下表皮犹密;紫叶酢浆草(O.triangularis A.St.-Hil.)和山酢浆草(O.griffithii Edgew.et Hook.f.)的气孔器只分布于叶片下表皮。不同种间及长、短雄蕊上的花粉粒大小各异,花粉多呈近球形(酢浆草、白花酢浆草)、长球形(紫叶酢浆草、山酢浆草)或超长球形(铜锤草),极面观为三裂圆形,赤道面大多具3沟,少数4沟,表面具有不规则的穴状或粗网状纹饰,网眼内无或有乳突状突起(铜锤草、紫叶酢浆草)。酢浆草种子较小,表皮纹饰为比较规则的不等边六角形网眼,网眼中间具棱柱状突起,上有钩状附属物;山酢浆草种子较大,表皮粗糙程度低于酢浆草。 相似文献
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The phenolic acids and abscisic acid (ABA) of sugar pine ( Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) seeds coats, separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography, were analyzed during 90 days stratification of the seeds. Although levels of seed coat phenolic acids and ABA declined significantly during, stratification, this decrease did not appear to be responsible for the loss of dormancy due to stratification. Lack of improved germination following washing, cracking, or removal of the seed coats, plus additional evidence, did not support a significant role for the seed coat in the dormancy of sugar pine seeds. 相似文献
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利用光学显微镜对云南20种不同科、属的蕨类植物的叶表皮形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明:它们的叶片表面存在不同的附属物,而有的种类无附属物;20种蕨类植物共具8种气孔器类型(极细胞型、腋下细胞型、辐射状细胞型、双不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型、共环极细胞型、聚腋下细胞型和不规则型), 它们在气孔器组成上具多型现象,气孔均为下生型,分布方式及大小多样;叶表皮细胞的微形态在科属间表现出一定的差异,主要有不规则型、多边型或规则条状,表皮细胞垂周壁呈波纹状、深波状或波浪状。上述研究结果为蕨类植物的系统分类及演化提供依据。 相似文献
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Water-soluble chlorophyll-proteins were prepared from leaves of Lepidium virginicum, by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200. After intensive purification the chlorophyll-proteins were crystallized by dialysis against an ammonium sulfate solution. 相似文献
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J. W. Patrick 《Physiologia plantarum》1993,87(3):345-352
The significance of the osmotic potential of the seed apoplast sap as a regulator of assimilate transfer to and within coats of developing seed of Vicia faba (cv. Coles Prolific) was assessed using attached empty seed coats and intact developing seed. Following surgical removal of the embryos, through windows cut in the pod walls and underlying seed coats, the resulting attached “empty” seed coats were filled with solutions of known osmotic potentials (–0. 02 versus –0. 75 MPa). Sucrose efflux from the coats was elevated at the higher osmotic potential (high osmotic concentration) for the first 190 min of exchange. Thereafter, this efflux was depressed relative to efflux from coats exposed to the low osmotic potential (high osmotic concentration) solution. This subsequent reversal in efflux was attributable to an enhanced diminution of the coat sucrose pools at the high external osmotic potential. Indeed, when expressed as a proportion of the current sucrose pool size, relative efflux remained elevated for coats exposed to the high osmotic potential solution. Measurement of potassium and sucrose fluxes to and from their respective pools in the coat tissues demonstrated that the principal, fluxes, sensitive to variative in the external osmotic potential, were phloem import into and efflux from the “empty” coats. Phloem import, consistent with a pressure-driven phloem transport mechanism, responded inversely with changes in the external osmotic potential. In contrast, sucrose and potassium efflux from the coats exhibited a positive dependence on the osmotic potential. Growth rates of whole seed were approximately doubled by enclosing selected pods in water jackets held at temperatures of 25°C. compared to 15°C. The osmotic potential of sap collected from the seed apoplast remained constant and independent of the temperature-induced changes in seed growth rates and hence phloem import. Based on these findings, it is proposed that control of phloem import by changes in the external osmotic potential observed with “empty” seed coats has no significance as a regulator of assimilate import by intact seed. Rather, maintenance of the seed apoplast osmotic potential, independent of seed growth rate, suggests that the observed osmotic regulation of efflux from the coats may play a key role in integrating assimilate demand by the embryo with phloem import. 相似文献
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采用气质联用技术对宽叶独行菜中脂肪酸成分进行了分析,从其乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部分共分离得到20个组分,采用面积归一化法测定了各组分的含量,其中棕榈酸(hexadecanoic acid)53.980%,硬脂酸(oc-tadecanoic acid)17.063%,二十二烷酸(docosanoic acid)4.769%,二十四烷酸(tetracosanoic acid)3.363%,二十八烷酸(octacosanoic acid)2.773%,花生酸(eicosanoic acid)2.719%,十五烷酸(pentadecanoic acid)2.476%,十七烷酸(heptadecanoic acid)2.291%。此外,三十烷酸(triacontanoic acid,十四烷酸(tetradecanoic acid),二十三烷酸(tricosanoic acid)和二十六烷酸(hexacosanoic acid)的含量均已超过了1%。 相似文献