应用实时定量RT-PCR技术检测b地中海贫血 珠蛋白基因的表达

为了定量检测 b 地中海贫血(b 地贫)的 a、b 和γ珠蛋白基因表达水平, 提取正常成人对照组、正常胎儿对照组和b 地贫患者组组成的样本 DNA,采用反向点杂交法（RDB）分析b 地贫各种突变类型;提取样本RNA用于进行针对a、b 和γ珠蛋白基因的荧光实时定量RT-PCR（FQ RT-PCR）。根据FQ RT-PCR原理,设计合成分别对应于a、b 和γ珠蛋白基因的3对引物和3条荧光探针,FQ RT-PCR在ABI 7700系统进行。用SPSS 10.0对实验数据进行统计学分析,分别计算正常对照组 (bA/bA,aa/aa),脐带血组(bA/bA,aa/aa),轻型b 地贫组(bT/bA,aa/aa),重型b地贫组(bT/bT,aa/aa)的a、b 和γmRNA比值,其中a/b分别为4.62±1.20、7.81±2.89、13.51±5.12、188.24±374.04;a/(b +γ)分别为4.43±1.17、0.56±0.49、9.62±4.37、2.14±1.58;γ/(b+γ) 分别为0.04±0.03、0.92±0.06、0.28±0.18、0.95±0.04。由于组与组之间均值变异范围较大,将其进行对数转换后再进行方差分析。结果表明： a/b与a/(b+γ)在所有组与组之间均有显著性差异。γ/(b+γ)除了在脐带血组和重型b地贫组之间无显著性差异外,在其他组与组之间均有显著性差异。实验说明,人类b珠蛋白基因的表达水平从正常对照组到重型b地贫组急剧下降且以重型b地贫组为最低;相反γ珠蛋白基因表达却明显升高,以重型b地贫组为最高。与正常成人对照组相比,胎儿期b mRNA水平较低但γmRNA 水平较高。因此,正常个体不同时期和不同类型b 地贫之间a、b与γ珠蛋白基因表达不同而且互相影响。 Abstract：whole blood samples were collected from 100 normal healthy adults, from umbilical cord of 33 newborn infants, 111 individuals with b-thalassemia minor (bT/bA,aa/aa) and 39 with b-thalassemia major (bT/bT,aa/aa). Prior to quantitative analysis of globin gene expression, DNA was extracted from all blood samples and used for b-thalassemia genotype analysis. Different types of b globin gene mutations were analyzed using reverse dot blotting (RDB) method. Total RNA were extracted and subjected to real-time RT-PCR for quantitative measurement of a, b andγglobin mRNA using three sets of primers and fluorescent-labeled probes, designed according to the sequences of a, b andγhuman globin gene. Real-time RT-PCR was performed in ABI 7700 system. Following the real-time RT-PCR, the mean values of a, b andγglobin mRNA were calculated and the ratios of a/b, a/(b + γ) andγ/(b + γ) were determined to characterize the relative expression levels of different globin genes among normal adult, infant, b-thalassemia minor and b-thalassemia major patients. The resultant data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software to determine statistical significance of human globin gene expression among normal controls and b-thalassemia patients. Due to vast variations of the mean globin gene mRNA levels among different groups, log conversion of a/b + 1, a/(b + γ) + 1 andγ/(b + γ) +1 was used for statistical analyses and intergroup comparison. The a/b globin gene mRNA ratios were determined to be 4.62±1.20, 7.81±2.89, 13.51±5.12, and 188.24±374.04 for normal healthy adult (bA/bA,aa/aa), infant (bA/bA,aa/aa), b- thalassemia minor (bT/bA,aa/aa) and b-thalassemia major(bT/bT,aa/aa) respectively. The a/(b+γ) ratios were 4.43±1.17, 0.56±0.49, 9.62±4.37, and 2.14±1.58 for normal healthy adult (bA/bA,aa/aa), infant (bA/bA,aa/aa), b- thalassemia minor (bT/bA,aa/aa) and b- thalassemia major(bT/bT,aa/aa) respectively. Theγ/(b+γ) ratios were 0.04±0.03, 0.92±0.06, 0.28±0.18, and 0.95±0.04 for normal healthy adult (bA/bA,aa/aa), infant (bA/bA,aa/aa), b- thalassemia minor (bT/bA,aa/aa) and b- thalassemia major(bT/bT,aa/aa) respectively. Following statistical analyses, the a/b and a/(b+γ) globin gene mRNA ratios were significantly different among four different groups (normal adult, normal infant, b- thalassemia minor and b- thalassemia major). The γ/(b + γ) globin gene mRNA ratio was significantly different among all groups except for between infant and b- thalassemia major patients. Human b globin gene mRNA levels decrease progressively and dramatically from normal adults to b-thalassemia patients with b-thalassemia major having the lowest levels. On the other hand, the γglobin gene mRNA levels increase progressively from normal adult to b-thalassemia patients with b-thalassemia major having the highest levels. Infants have relatively lower levels of b but higher levels of γglobin gene mRNA as compared to those in normal adults. Thus, the relative expression levels of a, b or γglobin genes varied but inter-related among different ages of normal individuals and different b-thalassemia genotypes.     

荧光定量PCR技术在植物研究中的应用

荧光定量PCR技术是近年发展起来的一种用于基因定量分析的PCR方法,自同世以来在基础科学研究、临床诊断、疾病研究及药物研发等领域应用较为广泛.在植物研究方面应用起步较晚,现已开始用于植物基因表达分析、外源基因基因鉴定等方面的研究.介绍了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、优缺点和试验中潜在问题和条件的优化,并对其在植物研究中的应用及前景作了探讨.     

呼吸道合胞病毒TaqMan探针实时定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

目的:建立呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)核酸特异、快速、敏感的TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对临床样本进行检测。方法:比对编码RSV非编码蛋白的基因序列,选取其保守片段设计引物和探针,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,并与传统RT-PCR方法进行比较,分别对两者的灵敏性、特异性、重复性及临床样本检验的适用性进行评价。结果:所建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法可用于RSV的特异性检测。相对于传统RT-PCR方法100拷贝/反应的检测灵敏度,实时荧光定量RT-PCR的检测灵敏度达到10拷贝/反应,检测范围为1010~101拷贝/反应,且具有良好的特异性和重复性。从169份临床呼吸道标本中检出RSV阳性40例,高于普通PCR方法(31/169)。结论:建立了RSV的TaqMan探针实时定量PCR检测方法,并可用于临床鼻咽拭子样本的检测,在临床上具有较好的应用前景。     

水分胁迫下小麦类脱水素基因表达的半定量RT-PCR分析

以‘郑引1号’小麦为材料,经水分胁迫后进行RT-PCR扩增,结果在胁迫条件下获得500bp的脱水素基因(wzy1-1)。利用半定量RT-PCR方法,分析‘陕合6号’和‘郑引1号’小麦在正常供水条件下及PEG6000胁迫后18、24和42h,以及复水6和12h时wzy1-1在叶片中的表达。结果表明:2个小麦品种中wzy1-1在水分胁迫后18h均有表达,至胁迫24、48h时表达量较18h均有所增多;复水6h后该基因表达迅速降低,至复水后12h表达消失。且该基因在‘陕合6号’(抗旱性较强)叶片中表达量较‘郑引1号’(抗旱性较弱)高,表明该基因的表达与小麦的抗旱性密切相关。     

人冠状病毒HCoV-NL63和HCoV-HKU1常规RT-PCR与实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用比较

分别设计HCoV-NL63和HCoV-HKU1特异的引物与荧光标记探针,并合成含靶基因的模板RNA,建立常规RT-PCR方法与实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,对其灵敏性、特异性和可重复性以及用于临床样本的适用性等进行平行比较评价.结果表明:这两种方法皆可对HCoV-NL63或HCoV-HKU1进行特异性诊断,其中荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测灵敏度均可达10拷贝/25μL反应体积,不同批次重复检测结果间的变异系数均小于5%.上述方法应用于158份临床鼻咽拭子标本,其中荧光定量RT-PCR方法检出6份HCoV-NL63阳性标本,5份HCoV-HKU1阳性标本,而常规RT-PCR方法则分别检出HCoV-NL63阳性与HCoV-HKU1阳性各3份.对常规RT-PCR方法获得的阳性样品进行序列分析证实上述方法的可靠性.本实验成功建立了可用于临床标本检测的人冠状病毒HCoV-NL63和HCoV-HKU1常规RT-PCR方法与实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,并初步证实荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法检出率明显高于常规RT-PCR方法,这为开展HCoV-NL63和HCoV-HKU1的流行监测及临床早期诊断提供了有效技术手段.     

实时荧光定量PCR及RT-PCR与常规PCR及RT-PCR检测对虾病毒效果的比较

常规PCR及RT-PCR已用于对虾DNA及RNA病毒检测,但存在费时、灵敏度较低、不能定量等问题。建立了TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR及RT-PCR方法,分别用于检测白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)及桃拉综合征病毒(TSV)、黄头病毒(YHV)4种对虾病毒。与常规PCR及RT-PCR比较,所建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR及RT-PCR检测上述4种对虾病毒不仅有很高的特异性,检测灵敏度也提高了10～100倍,同时还具有快速、简便、不污染环境、重复性好、实时定量等优点,可明显提高对虾病毒检验检疫工作质量及效率。     

应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测宫颈癌及其外周血中VEGF表达的研究

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子在宫颈癌患者癌和癌旁组织及外周血循环细胞中的表达情况,分析其在肿瘤生长与转移中的作用。方法:采用基于TaqMan探针技术的实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测了50例宫颈癌患者癌及癌旁组织和40例正常宫颈组织标本中VEGF mRNA的表达情况及其对应的外周血中的VEGF mRNA表达,分析其与临床病理参数之间的关系。结果:宫颈癌组织及癌旁组织中VEGF mRNA的表达水平无明显差异,但均与正常宫颈组织的表达水平差异有显著性;宫颈癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达与肿瘤的组织学类型无明显的相关性;而与肿瘤的临床病理分期、病理分化程度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、深肌层浸润间均呈显著的正相关。宫颈癌患者外周血中VEGF的表达明显高于对照组水平,与淋巴结是否转移密切相关,但与其他临床病理参数无关。结论:实时荧光定量RT-PCR可以敏感且特异性的检测出宫颈癌组织及外周血中VEGF mRNA的表达,且方法准确可靠,操作方便,在肿瘤的微转移的诊断监测方面有一定的应用价值。VEGF有可能成为治疗恶性肿瘤的一个潜在的分子靶点。     

应用改良的实时TaqMan荧光定量 RT-PCR技术检测口蹄疫病毒及其3D基因转录水平

将改良的实时TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR技术应用于口蹄疫病毒感染体内和体外的定量检测以及其3D基因转录水平分析.结果表明对样品中口蹄疫病毒基因组RNA的检测灵敏度可达l0个基因拷贝,可同时检测病毒正负链复制水平且重复性较好,所测口蹄疫病毒3D基因转录水平可高达6.9×104拷贝/μL;与实时SYBR GreenⅠ染料RT-PCR技术比较,改良的实时TagMan荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测灵敏度高6.7倍.以上结果证实,改良的实时TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR技术在病毒检测和基因表达水平分析方面有更高的灵敏度和特异性.     

TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测水稻RAcl基因mRNA方法的建立

构建包含RAcl基因cDNA片段的质粒,作为水稻肌动蛋白基因RAcl之mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立检测方法,为水稻其他基因的定量建立内参。从水稻叶总RNA中逆转录扩增总cDNA,PCR扩增RAcl基因中设计的目的片段,将纯化的目的片段与pMD19-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌JM-109,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析。纯化质粒并检测260nm吸光值,确定重组质粒原液的拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR实验。建立了RAcl基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,特异性好,检测灵敏度达102拷贝,线性范围为102—1护拷贝,阈值循环数（Ct）与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系（r=1．000）,扩增效率高（E=98．2％）。建立了基因RAcl实时定量PCR的质粒标准品。     

一种新颖简便的荧光实时 RT-PCR相对定量方法的建立

为建立一种新颖、简便的荧光实时 RT-PCR 相对定量方法,根据实时定量标准曲线,推导出相对定量基因表达的公式 . 公式显示相对表达指数只与 CT 值和标准曲线的斜率相关 . 构建标准曲线的标准品需要通过克隆和体外转录获得,实验过程繁琐 . 当人为成比例增减标准品各个稀释度的具体拷贝数时,标准曲线的斜率并不改变,说明标准曲线斜率与标准品的具体拷贝数无关 . 因此,新的相对定量方法可以用任何一个待测样品的总 RNA ( 或 cDNA) ,经系列稀释后作为标准品,来构建相对定量标准曲线,获得斜率 . 与绝对定量法比较,新方法获得了基本相同的斜率和非常一致的定量结果 ( 差异小于4%) ,而传统的 2 -ΔΔCT法却表现出较大的定量误差 . 这些结果表明,新的相对定量方法是一种简便、准确和高效的定量基因表达的方法 .     

李痘病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

目的:建立李痘病毒(PPV)特异、灵敏、快速的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,用于核果类种苗的健康评测及李痘病毒疫情监测。方法:根据PPV-D株系和PPV-M株系的外被蛋白(CP)基因保守序列,设计特异性引物和TaqMan探针,扩增全长CP基因片段,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,构建质粒标准品,建立PPV的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行评估。结果:此荧光定量RT-PCR方法对PPV检测呈现高灵敏度和高特异性,与马铃薯Y病毒和马铃薯X病毒无交叉反应,最低检出限可达1.6×102拷贝/μL,标准曲线的相关系数为0.999 18。结论:建立了李痘病毒的荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,可望应用于检验检疫部门对李痘病毒的快速检测。     

番木瓜果实扩展蛋白Cp-EXP1基因表达的荧光定量PCR分析

目的：对番木瓜果实扩展蛋白Cp-EXP1的基因进行荧光定量PCR分析,以便对其功能做进一步研究。方法：以不同成熟阶段的番木瓜果实总RNA为模板,设计引物进行荧光定量PCR。结果：Cp-EXP1基因在不同成熟阶段的番木瓜果实中的表达是有差异的,其表达水平受乙烯调控。结论：Cp-EXP1基因的表达与番木瓜的成熟软化密切相关,其表达分析为研究番木瓜的生长发育及其品种改良打下了良好的基础。     

Multiplex standardized RT-PCR for expression analysis of many genes in small samples

Standardized RT-PCR (StaRT-PCR) enables numerical quantification as well as intra- and inter-laboratory comparison of gene expression. Multiplex StaRT-PCR, using two rounds of amplification, was conducted on Stratagene Universal Reference RNA. In the first round, cDNA, competitive template (CT) mix, and primers for up to 96 genes were amplified for varying numbers of cycles. Next, products from round one were diluted, combined with primers for one gene, and amplified for an additional 35 cycles. No additional cDNA or CT mix was added. Expression values obtained by uniplex and multiplex StaRT-PCRs were highly correlated (R=0.993, p<0.001). Products from round one could be diluted as much as 100,000-fold and still be quantified following round two amplification. Thus, using multiplex StaRT-PCR, 96 genes were measured in the same amount of cDNA typically used to measure one gene with uniplex StaRT-PCR. Multiplex StaRT-PCR was also used to measure 18 genes in the fine needle biopsy of a primary lung carcinoma.     

miR-30b 的组织特异性研究

目的:研究miR-30b的组织特异性,检测其在心,肝,脑,肾,脾和骨骼肌中的表达情况。方法:选取C57BL/6J雄性小鼠6只,用real-time PCR方法检测小鼠心,肝,脑,肾,脾和骨骼肌中miR-30b的表达量。结果:miR-30b在小鼠肝脏中表达量最低,与肝相比,在心,脑,肾,脾和骨骼肌中的相对表达量分别为13.13±0.899,9.497±0.717,4.478±1.031,6.751±0.596,2.538±0.79。且与肝相比均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:miR-30b在各组织中的表达存在差异,在心脏中的表达量最高,提示miR-30b可能与心脏的发生发展密切相关,为深入探索miR-30b的功能奠定了基础。     

一种检测马尔尼菲青霉菌实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立和应用

目的:建立一种检测马尔尼菲青霉菌的实时荧光定量PCR的方法。方法:针对马尔尼菲青霉菌5.8S rRNA设计特异性PCR引物,采用核酸荧光染料SYBR GreenⅠ进行实时荧光定量PCR检测,探讨该方法的灵敏度和特异性,并进行临床样品检测验证。结果:该方法的特异性较好,与该菌属内的其他细菌间无交叉反应;灵敏度可检测出10个细胞/mL全血,在检测范围内线性良好,相关系数R2=0.981。临床样品检测和传统的培养方法结果完全相符。结论:该方法特异性好,灵敏度高,操作简单,检测时间短;临床样品检测具有很好的准确性,从本研究的结果显示实时荧光定量PCR方法在检测马尔尼菲青霉菌中的应用可以大大缩短临床的诊断时间,提高临床诊断的准确度和效率。     

Validation of real-time RT-PCR assays for mRNA quantification in baboons

Real-time RT-PCR has been used widely, both in fundamental research and in clinical diagnostics, for instance for quantification of RNA levels in human tissues and tissue biopsies. In the present study we provide a strategy to validate primers/probes for real-time RT-PCR quantification of baboon samples. The method is based on the TaqMan system and uses primers/probes that have been designed and validated for human real-time RT-PCR. A prerequisite for the accuracy of this strategy is a similar amplification efficiency between human and baboon PCR reactions. We propose two different methods, i.e. by calculating PCR efficiencies from the slope of a dilution curve or by using the linear regression method, to compare the amplification efficiency between human and baboon samples. In conclusion, by performing a simple validation experiment, real-time PCR assays based on human sequences, which are easily available, can be applied for analysis of baboon samples.