对与小鼠胚胎发育相关的印记基因Mcts2的研究

目的：对与小鼠胚胎发育相关的印记基因Mcts2表达模式及生物学功能做初步的分析。方法：采用切片原位杂交,全胚胎原位杂交,Northern blot和real-time PCR对该基因进行了表达谱的分析。结果：切片原位杂交结果显示Mcts2基因在E13.5和E15.5胚胎中的脑、舌、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏等重要脏器中都有普遍表达。全胚胎原位杂交结果显示Mcts2基因在E10.5胚胎中的前脑、前肢、尾芽中出现较强的信号,其他部位信号较弱。Northern和Real-time PCR实验分析了Mcts2基因在E12.5,E15.5,E18.5胚胎和新生小鼠的脑、心脏、肺脏、肝脏和肾脏中的表达谱,发现Mcts2基因在这几个主要发育时期都有普遍表达,在E15.5胚胎中表达信号最为强烈。结论：Mcts2基因在小鼠胚胎的发育的各主要时期的重要脏器中都有普遍的表达,提示该基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中起到了重要的作用。     

Grb10基因在小鼠胚期特异性表达分析

生长因子受体结合蛋白10(Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10, Grb10)是一个存在于小鼠11号染色体和人7号染色体的母本表达的印记基因。文章利用原位杂交技术和定量RT-PCR方法对不同发育阶段的小鼠胚胎Grb10 基因进行时空表达谱的分析, 以确定该基因在胚胎发育中其表达与组织发育的关系。定量RT-PCR数据结果表明, Grb10在E8.5-E13.5 (Embryonic days 8.5-13.5), 表达水平逐渐增高, 在E13.5达到高峰, 后期表达量回落。在胚胎发育的中后期脑、心、肺组织的表达水平呈递减趋势。肝脏组织中Grb10表达水平较为恒定, 在E18.5出现高峰。原位杂交数据验证了定量RT-PCR的结果, 并且说明了Grb10在其他如骨、肾和肌肉等组织器官的高表达水平。研究结果表明Grb10基因是小鼠胚期发育的一个重要的基因。     

慢病毒介导的下丘脑中过表达miR-505小鼠模型的构建

目的:本文用慢病毒定点注射的方法构建了在下丘脑中过表达mi R-505的小鼠模型,并利用荧光原位杂交方法在冰冻切片组织上快速检测mi RNAs,以确认慢病毒载体介导的mi R-505在丘脑中的表达能力。方法:实验小鼠在脑立体定位仪下定位到下丘脑位置,采用原位注射的方式进行慢病毒注射,注射后采用实时荧光定量RCR和应用了LNA探针和TSA系统的FISH(fluorescence in situ hybridization)技术,完成在慢病毒介导的mi R-505过表达老鼠下丘脑区域细胞中的mi R-505检测和示踪。结果:mi R-505慢病毒注射未成年小鼠下丘脑区5、10、20和40天后,均可检测到mi R-505在下丘脑区域的表达,且实验结果表明在慢病毒介导的过表达小鼠下丘脑注射部位,mi R-505表达量有明显的提高。结论:利用慢病毒注射未成年小鼠下丘脑脑区的方法,成功的建立了下丘脑中过表达mi R-505的小鼠模型,使用LNA标记探针的FISH方法探索mi RNA表达规律较稳定,且重复率高。     

Spatiotemporal expression of the selenoprotein P gene in postimplantational mouse embryos

Selenoprotein P (Sepp) is an extracellular glycoprotein which functions principally as a selenium (Se) transporter and antioxidant. In order to assess the spatiotemporal expression of the Sepp gene during mouse embryogenesis, quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses were conducted in embryos and extraembryonic tissues, including placenta. Sepp mRNA expression was detected in all embryos and extraembryonic tissues on embryonic days (E) 7.5 to 18.5. Sepp mRNA levels were high in extraembryonic tissues, as compared to embryos, on E 7.5-13.5. However, the levels were higher in embryos than in extraembryonic tissues on E 14.5-15.5, but were similar in both tissues during the subsequent periods prior to birth. According to the results of in situ hybridization, Sepp mRNA was expressed principally in the ectoplacental cone and neural ectoderm, including the neural tubes and neural folds. In whole embryos, Sepp mRNA was expressed abundantly in nervous tissues on E 9.5-12.5. Sepp mRNA was also expressed in forelimb and hindlimb buds on E 10.5-12.5. In the sectioned embryos, on E 13.5-18.5, Sepp mRNA was expressed persistently in the developing limbs, gastrointestinal tract, nervous tissue, lung, kidney and liver. On E 16.5-18.5, Sepp mRNA expression in the submandibular gland, whisker follicles, pancreas, urinary bladder and skin was apparent. In particular, Sepp mRNA was detected abundantly in blood cells during all the observed developmental periods. These results show that Sepp may function as a transporter of selenium, as well as an antioxidant, during embryogenesis.     

Spatially and temporally regulated expression of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase during mouse embryogenesis.

GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase is involved in formation of 6-sulfo-N -acetyllactosamine-containing structures such as 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x. We investigated the mode of expression of GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase during postimplantation embryogenesis in the mouse by in situ hybridization. Sulfotransferase mRNA was not detected on embryonic day (E) 6.5, while on E7.5 it was detected in the mesoderm, ectoderm, and ectoplacental cone. On E10.5, the sulfotransferase signals were mainly observed in the nervous tissue. On E12.5 and 13.5, various tissues in the process of differentiation expressed this mRNA. Several epithelial and mesenchymal tissues undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions strongly expressed the mRNA. For example, in the developing tooth strong sulfotransferase mRNA expression was found only in the condensing mesenchyme on E13.5. On E13.5 and 15.5, the sites showing intense expression of the sulfotransferase again became restricted. In the brain, sulfotransferase mRNA was frequently found as discrete signals in narrow regions. These results suggest that 6-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine structures have important roles in development. On E13.5 and 15.5, G152 (6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x antigen) was expressed in the neocortex, and AG223 (6-sulfo Lewis x antigen) in the thalamus and neocortex where the sulfotransferase signal was detected. However, in other organs, expression of these antigens did not correlate with the sulfotransferase mRNA, implicating complex nature of regulation of expression of the fucosyl 6-sulfo antigens.     

Expression of the Prader-Willi gene Necdin during mouse nervous system development correlates with neuronal differentiation and p75NTR expression

The expression pattern of Necdin, a gene involved in the etiology of Prader-Willi syndrome and a member of the MAGE family of genes, is described during mouse nervous system development. Using RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining, and colocalization with neuronal differentiation markers, we found that Necdin RNA and protein are expressed within post-mitotic neurons at all stages studied. From E10 to E12, Necdin is detected in all developing neurons, in both central and peripheral nervous system, with the highest expression levels in the diencephalon and the hindbrain. After E13, Necdin is expressed in specific structures of the nervous system, in particular the hypothalamus, the thalamus, and the pons, suggesting a specific developmental role therein. In addition, Necdin expression is also detected in non-neural tissues, such as the somites, the developing limb buds, the first branchial arches, the tong, and the axial muscles. Recently, Necdin and other MAGE proteins were found to interact in vitro with the intracellular domain of the p75NTR neurotrophin receptor, but this interaction has not been validated in vivo. We report here that the spatial and temporal expression of p75NTR is included in Necdin expression domain. These results are in agreement with Necdin proposed role on cell cycle arrest, inhibition of apoptosis and facilitation of neuronal differentiation in vitro, and with hypothalamic cellular deficiencies reported in mice with abrogation of the Necdin gene. Furthermore, they are also consistent with the putative role of Necdin in signaling events promoted by p75NTR during mouse nervous system development.     

3110009F21Rik基因在小鼠胚胎发育中的表达研究

目的:探讨小鼠胚胎发育过程中3110009F21Rik基因的时空特异性表达模式,为后续功能研究奠定基础。方法:对E15.5小鼠胚胎脑组织进行印记分析,检测基因的印记表达状态;应用全胚胎和组织原位杂交技术检测3110009F21Rik基因在E9.5~E15.5小鼠胚胎中的特异性时空表达模式。结果:印记分析显示3110009F21Rik基因在E15.5脑组织中为父母本等位基因双表达;原位杂交结果显示3110009F21Rik基因在E9.5~E15.5脑组织中持续表达,在E9.5~E11.5主要脏器中未检测到,但自E12.5开始在主要脏器中持续表达,随着发育进程进行,目的基因在胚胎骨骼中的相对表达水平逐步升高,至E15.5阶段大部分骨骼中都检测到目的基因表达。结论:3110009F21Rik基因在脑组织中的持续表达和表达模式的动态变化提示其可能参与胚胎发育过程中大脑神经网络的构建,其在软骨原基和软骨中的相对表达逐渐增强表明其可能参与了小鼠胚胎过程中骨的发育和形成及软骨分化。     

Embryonic Expression of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and VIP Receptor Genes

Abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) exhibits pronounced effects on the growth rate of cultured mouse embryonic day (E) 9.5 embryos and acts in tissue culture as a potent glial mitogen and neuron survival factor. However, previous studies using immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in the rat have not revealed the presence and location of VIP or VIP mRNA in the early developing embryo CNS. Using a sensitive in situ hybridization assay with a ³³P-labeled riboprobe, we show here that the VIP gene is expressed at least as early as E11 in the mouse hindbrain. Northern blot analysis on RNA from brain dissected from mouse embryos beginning at E14 confirmed that a correct-size mRNA for VIP was present by E14 and at later time points. Expression of the VIP2 receptor gene was also detected by northern analysis in E14 mouse brains. These studies support the hypothesis that VIP produced by the embryo exerts important effects on embryonic nervous system development.     

Hoxa4 expression in developing mouse hair follicles and skin

We have examined the expression of the Hoxa4 gene in embryonic vibrissae and developing and cycling postnatal pelage hair follicles by digoxigenin-based in situ hybridization. Hoxa4 expression is first seen in E13.5 vibrissae throughout the follicle placode. From E15.5 to E18.5 its expression is restricted to Henle's layer of the inner root sheath. Postnatally, Hoxa4 expression is observed at all stages of developing pelage follicles, from P0 to P4. Sites of expression include both inner and outer root sheaths, matrix cells, and the interfollicular epidermis. Hoxa4 is not expressed in hair follicles after P4. Hoxb4, however, is expressed both in developing follicles at P2 and in catagen at P19, suggesting differential expression of these two paralogous genes in the hair follicle cycle.