Taxonomic notes on fruit flies of tribes Schistopterini and Eutretini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae) in India,with description of a new species of Rhabdochaeta de Meijere

Rhabdochaeta nigroapicalis David, Hancock and Sachin, sp. n., is described from Assam, NE India. A key to all species of Schistopterini and Eutretini recorded from India is provided and taxonomic notes on previously described species are included. DNA barcode sequences of Calloptera asteria (Schiner), Rhabdochaeta pulchella de Meijere, Rhabdochaeta nigroapicalis David, Hancock and Sachin, sp. n. and Rhochmopterum venustum (de Meijere) were obtained and reported. Phylogenetic analysis using 62 mtCOI sequences of Tephritinae revealed Schistopterini to be a monophyletic group and the new species closely related to Rhabdochaeta pulchella, justifying its placement in Rhabdochaeta de Meijere.http://zoobank.org/A97337B3-E2BD-460D-BA62-6D3D4A1A60A2     

A new species of Mosiera (Myrtaceae) from the Sierra de Nipe,Cuba

A new species, Mosiera nipensis (Myrtaceae), from the crest of the Sierra de Nipe, Cuba, is described and illustrated. This species is readily distinguished from all other species of Mosiera by two diagnostic characters: four-angled, slightly four-winged young twigs, and calyx lobes that are valvate in the bud. We suspect that this species grows on a serpentine substrate. It is known only from the holotype, a collection made in 1941. An assessment of its conservation status is urgently needed.     

Microphallidae (Digenea) d'Afrique du Sud,Parasites de Charadrii (Aves). Seconde Note

Les auteurs apportent de nouvelles informations géographiques et diagnostiques concernant plusieurs microphallidés (Trematoda: Digenea) récoltés chez des Charadrii (Aves) des c^otes de Namibie (Afrique du Sud): Maritrema eroliae Yamaguti, 1939 de Charadrius marginatus Vieillot; Odhneria odhneri Travassos, 1921 de Arenaria interpres L.; Microphallus bilobatus Cable, Connor &; Balling, 1960 de C. marginatus; et Levinseniella propinqua Jägerskiöld, 1907 de C. marginatus et A. interpres. Ces espèces représentent une localisation géographique nouvelle et de nouveaux h^otes. Le phallus (organe copulateur m^ale) de M. bilobatus de Namibie et celui du type des Caraïbes sont comparés et illustrés. Les atriums génitaux de L. propinqua récoltés en Namibie ainsi qu'à Marcus Island (southwest Cape Province, Afrique du Sud) sont illustrés et discutés; l'espèce parait cosmopolite. Abstract The authors present new geographical and diagnostic information for microphallids (Trematoda: Digenea) from the coast of Namibia (southern Africa): Maritrema eroliae Yamaguti, 1939 from Charadrius marginatus Vieillot; Odhneria odhneri Travassos, 1921 from Arenaria interpres L.; Microphallus bilobatus Cable, Connor &; Balling, 1960 from C. marginatus; and Levinseniella propinqua Jägerskiöld, 1907 from C. marginatus and A. interpres. These are new geographical and host records. The position and variability of the phallus (male copulatory organ) in M. bilobatus from Namibia and in the type-species from the Caribbean Sea are compared and illustrated. The genital atria of L. propinqua from Namibia and from Marcus Island (southwest Cape Province, Southern Africa) are illustrated and compared. This species appears to be cosmopolitan.     

Les prémices d'une agriculture diversifiée à la fin du Mésolithique dans le Val de Loire (Loire armoricaine,France)

Pollen analyses carried out in the Armorican Massif have already drawn our attention to the early appearance (at the end of the Mesolithic period/beginning of the Neolithic period) of several taxa, particularly Cerealia. New studies conducted in the Val de Loire region of France and in the surrounding tributaries seem to confirm these initial findings. These studies also provided more information about the introduction of Fagopyrum and Juglans at about 6000 BC. We hypothesise that ‘pre-domesticated’ agriculture took place in this area at this time and that it might have been brought to this area by southern migration. To cite this article: L. Visset et al., C. R. Palevol 1 (2002) 51–58.     

The genus Dalea (Fabaceae tribe Amorpheae) in Departamento de Cajamarca,Peru, with description of three new species

Three new species ofDalea (Fabaceae tribe Amorpheae) discovered in the Andes of Cajamarca, Peru by Prof. I. Sánchez Vega are described, illustrated, and discussed. All (Dalea glumacea, D. isidori, D. tridactylites) belong to sect.Parosela ser.Coeruleae, 14 members of which are currently known from the Department, the principal focus of speciation for the series. A key to the 16 taxa ofDalea found hitherto in Departmento de Cajamarca is provided.     

New material of Carnivora (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Axios Valley,Macedonia, Greece

A new collection of carnivores from the Late Miocene deposits of Axios Valley, Macedonia, Greece was collected in 2004–2009 at the localities named Xirochori 1 (XIR) and Ravin de la Pluie (RPl), dated to the Late Vallesian (MN 10), as well as at Ravin des Zouaves 5 (RZO), dated to the Early Turolian (MN 11). The studied material is described and compared morphologically and biometrically with other materials from Greece and its neighboring area. The following species are determined: XIR: Dinocrocuta sp.; RPl: Eomellivora wimani, Adcrocuta eximia leptoryncha, ?Hyaenictis sp., Metailurus parvulus; RZO: Plioviverrops orbignyi, Machairodus giganteus. This collection is interesting because it includes the upper deciduous dentition of A. eximia and Dinocrocuta, which are only known from limited material until now, especially the latter taxon. E. wimani is recognized for the first time in Greece and the Balkans, while M. parvulus is identified for the first time in the Vallesian of Greece. The possible presence of Hyaenictis in RPl is the first indication of its presence in the Vallesian. The guild structure diagrams of the carnivore fauna from the three studied localities provide some indications of their palaeoenvironment, which fits quite well with the results of previous studies on the palaeoenvironments of these localities and of the wider Eastern Mediterranean region.     

Accès à des sulfures d'alkyle et de furannyle à partir de dithio-acétals de pentoses

Sodium iodide—zinc in N,N-dimethylformamide at 150° converted 2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-D-xylose diisobutyl dithioacetal into a mixture of three substituted furans, namely 2-[(isobutylthio)methyl]furan (2), and its 3-isobutylthio- (3), and 4-isobutylthio- (5) derivatives. The relative proportions of 2, 3, and 5, determined by g.l.c.—mass spectrometry, varied according to the relative proportions of reactants employed. A similar type of transposition—elimination is also encountered in the absence of sodium iodide. Compound 3 is also produced from D-xylose disobutyl dithioacetal by extended treatment with 2-methylpropanethiol—hydrochloric acid. The furan derivatives 3 and 5 were characterized mainly by n.m.r.—spectral studies on their Diels—Alder adducts with maleic anhydride, and the mechanism of their formation is discussed. 2,5-Anhydro-3,4-di-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-D-xylose ethylene dithioacetal (13), its ribo epimer (15), and its L-arabino diisobutyl dithioacetal analog (20) all reacted with sodium iodide—zinc in N,N-dimethylformamide exclusively by an E2 type of elimination with formation of the anticipated 3-alkenes, namely 2,5-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-D-glycero-pent-3-enose ethylene dithioacetal (14) and its diisobutyl dithioacetal analog.     

Lobelia vivaldii (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae), a remarkable new species of sect. Tylomium from Isla de Mona,Puerto rico

A new species ofLobelia (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) is described from Isla de Mona, a Caribbean island not previously known to harbor the genus. The small woody rosette-plants were collected in 1988 and 1992 at the northeastern corner of the island, where they grew from crevices in the vertical limestone cliffs, approximately 60 m above the sea. The new species,Lobelia vivaldii, belongs to sect.Tylomium, a group of approximately 36 suffruticose and woody species endemic to the Caribbean basin. Within that section, it is most similar to and apparently derived fromL. cirsiifolia, a less woody rain forest species found at higher elevations on several islands in the Lesser Antilles.     

A new rheophytic species of Euceraea (Flacourtiaceae) from Sierra de la Neblina, Venezuela

Euceraea rheophytica is newly described and illustrated. It differs from the two other species in the genus, E. nitida and E. sleumeriana, in its much smaller and narrower leaves and in its smaller, spicate (vs. branched) inflorescences. It is known only from frequently flash-flooded riverbanks in the large, central canyon of the Sierra de la Neblina massif in southernmost Venezuela.     

Exploitation de la vesce commune (Vicia sativa L.) au Néolithique moyen dans le Sud de la France. Données carpologiques du site de Claparouse (Lagnes, Vaucluse)

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) exploitation during middle Neolithic times in Southern France. Archaeobotanical data from Claparouse (Lagnes, Vaucluse). Beginnings of common vetch cultivation are poorly documented. Domestication could have occurred in various places. Common vetch is recorded by rare seeds in pre-Neolithic and Neolithic sites but firm evidence of cultivation does not seem available before Roman times. The Neolithic site of Claparouse is providing evidence of utilization and probable cultivation as early as some 6000 years ago. Even if this pulse is nowadays only a fodder plant, it was more likely used as human food at that time. We do not know whether it was introduced in western Europe from the Near East or locally domesticated. To cite this article: L. Bouby, V. Léa, C. R. Palevol 5 (2006).     

Un portrait de Stephen Jay Gould

A portrait of Stephen Jay Gould. From 1982 to 2002, as Stephen Jay Gould's translator and friend, I came to greatly value his personal qualities as a man, and admire him as a fine scientist and theorist. To cite this article: M. Blanc, C. R. Palevol 2 (2003).     

Aeropalynological research in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salitral de la Vidriera</Emphasis>, Buenos Aires province,Argentina

This paper reports results from monitoring atmospheric pollen in Salitral de la Vidriera, an area of natural vegetation near Bahía Blanca city (East Central Argentina). Sampling was carried out weekly during January to December 2003 and May 2005 to April 2006 using a volumetric impact sampler. Observations of flowering in the field were carried out at the same time as the aerial sampling. During this period, 43 pollen types were identified; most of these correspond to pollen grains from either herbaceous or shrubby vegetation typical of the study area, for example Amaranthus, Brassicaceae, Centaurea, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Urticaceae, some Asteraceae, and Condalia microphylla. This study on the atmosphere of Salitral de la Vidriera allowed us to identify the components of the vegetation type dominant in the area, namely a shrubby halophytic steppe. A well represented family, for example Chenopodiaceae, could, under appropriate weather conditions, be an important contributor of pollen to Bahía Blanca.

Early Neolithic agriculture in Ambrona, Provincia Soria, central Spain

The early Neolithic sites of La Lámpara and La Revilla del Campo in the Meseta Norte (Northern Meseta) plateau in central Spain produced evidence for early agriculture from the last third of the 6th millennium B.C. The hulled wheats Triticum monococcum (einkorn) and T. dicoccum (emmer) were identified from carbonised plant remains as well as from imprints in pottery and daub. Single finds of charred remains of Hordeum vulgare (barley), Papaver somniferum/setigerum (poppy) and Linum usitatissimum (linseed) indicated other cultivated crops. The wild plants mainly indicated arable weeds, partly from less fertile soils, and garrigue vegetation from poor pastures. The spectrum of crops from the Ambrona sites was compared to other inner Iberian sites as well as to Mediterranean sites. Sediment samples as well as mineral crusts from graves were analysed from the Neolithic tumulus of La Peña de la Abuela. Its diachronic collective burials had originated from a period of time during the first third of the 4th millennium B.C. Probably no crops, but many green vegetative parts of pine, oak, and juniper had been used as funeral gifts. Oak cupula development indicated early summer activities in the grave-mound. Wickerwork made of willow was used for embedding the dead bodies.     

Lanreotide Therapy in Carcinoid Syndrome: Prospective Analysis of Patient-Reported Symptoms in Patients Responsive To Prior Octreotide Therapy And Patients Naïve To Somatostatin Analogue Therapy in The Elect Phase 3 Study

Objective: This ELECT prospective analysis examined lanreotide depot/autogel for carcinoid syndrome (CS) symptom control in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) who were responsive to prior octreotide (prior octreotide group) compared with patients who were naïve to prior somatostatin analogue treatment (de novo group).Methods: Adults with histopathologically confirmed NET and stable CS (diarrhea and/or flushing) were randomized to subcutaneous (SC) lanreotide 120 mg or placebo every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. Patients reported diarrhea and/or flushing symptom severity and frequency and short-acting SC octreotide rescue therapy daily using an Interactive Voice/Web Response System. To evaluate the efficacy of lanreotide compared with placebo, the novel primary endpoint of patient-determined use of SC octreotide rescue therapy for breakthrough symptoms was used as a surrogate for symptom control. Clinically meaningful patient-reported treatment benefit was examined using daily patient-reported symptoms of diarrhea and flushing.Results: Of the 115 randomized patients, 51 (n = 26 lanreotide, n = 25 placebo) were octreotide-naïve (de novo) and 64 (n = 33 lanreotide; n = 31 placebo) received prior octreotide. Lanreotide versus placebo patients had a lower mean percentage of days of SC octreotide rescue therapy in de novo and prior octreotide groups (least squares &lsqb;LS] mean difference -19.1, P = .0477 and -6.9, P = .4332, respectively). The mean percentage of days with moderate/severe diarrhea and/or flushing was lower in lanreotide versus placebo patients in de novo and prior octreotide groups (LS mean difference -14.6, P = .0140 and -10.9, P = .0746, respectively). The transition from octreotide to lanreotide was generally well-tolerated.Conclusion: Improvement in CS symptoms occurred with lanreotide treatment, regardless of prior octreotide use.Abbreviations:CI = confidence intervalCS = carcinoid syndromeDB = double blindELECT = Evaluation of Lanreotide depot/autogel Efficacy and safety as a Carcinoid-syndrome TreatmentIOL = initial open-labelIVRS/IWRS = interactive voice/web response systemLS = least squareNET = neuroendocrine tumorOR = odds ratioSC = subcutaneousSSA = somatostatin analogueSSTR = somatostatin receptorTEAE = treatment-emergent adverse event     

Syntheses stereoselectives de 1-thioglycosides

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-mannopyranosyl chloride (2) was obtained in 70% yield by the action of lithium chloride on 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl bromide (1) in hexamethylphosphoric triamide. p-Nitrobenzenethiol reacted with 1 and 2 as well as with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide (9) or its β-d-chloro analog (10), giving exclusively and in good yield the corresponding p-nitrophenyl 1-thioglycosides of inverted anomeric configuration. The 1,2-cis-d-manno and -glucop-nitrophenylglycosides were likewise prepared. α-d-Glucopyranosyl 1-thio-α-d-glucopyranoside was similarly obtained by the action of the sodium salt of 1-thio-α-d-glucopyranose on the β-chloride 10 in hexamethylphosphoric triamide, or by treatment of 10 with sodium sulfide, with subsequent deacetylation. Analogous procedures allowed the preparation of β-d-mannopyranosyl 1-thio-β-d-mann opyranoside, the corresponding α,β anomer and α-d-glucopyranosyl 1-thio-α-d-mannopyranoside, starting from bromide 1, 1-thio-α-d-mannopyranose (8),and chloride 10, respectively. When acetone was used as solvent, the reaction between 1 and 8 led instead to the α,α anomer. The thio disaccharides that are interglycosidic 4-thio analogs of methyl 4-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-α-d-galactopyranoside, methyl α-cellobioside, and methyl α-maltoside, respectively, were obtained by way of the peracetates of methyl 4-thio-α-d-galactopyranoside and -glucopyranoside by reaction of the corresponding thiolates with tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl bromide, bromide 9, or chloride 10, respectively, in hexamethylphosphoric triamide. These 1-thioglycosides, and (1→1)- and (1→4)-thiodisaccharides, were characterized by ¹H- and ^{1 3}C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Correlations were established between the polarity of the sulfur atom and certain proton and carbon chemical-shifts in the 1-thioglycosides in comparison with the O-glycosyl analogs; these correlations permitted in particular the unambigous attribution of anomeric configuration.     

Four new species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India,with a key to Indian species

Four new species of Anagrus (Anagrus) Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) are described from India: A. (Anagrus) karnatakus Triapitsyn sp. n., A. (Anagrus) kolhapurensis Manickavasagam & Sankararaman sp. n., A. (Anagrus) latus Manickavasagam & Sankararaman sp. n. and A. (Anagrus) sujathae Manickavasagam & Sankararaman sp. n. A key to females of the 15 described and one undescribed species of Anagrus known from India is provided.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:99ED388D-BE3E-4FBA-A383-3482D96DA42F.     

BELONIA MEDITERRANEA,A NEW CALCICOLOUS LICHEN SPECIES FROM CATALONIA (NE SPAIN)

Belonia mediterraneaNav.-Ros. & Llimona sp. nov. is described and compared with other, mainly saxicolous, species of the genus. It is known only from the type locality, Medes Islands (Catalonia, NE Spain), where it occurs on shaded limestone cliffs, near the Mediterranean seashore. It differs from related saxicolous species ofBeloniamainly in the appearance of the thallus, ascospore septation and ecology. A key to the European species ofBeloniais provided.Resumen:Se describeBelonia mediterraneaNav.-Ros. & Llimona sp. nov. y se compara con las otras especies del género, principalmente con las saxı&#x0301;colas. Sólo se la conoce por el momento de la localidad del tipo, las islas Medes (Cataluña, NE de España), en donde crece sobre acantilados calizos sombreados, en la zona costera del Mediterráneo. Se diferencia de las especies saxı&#x0301;colas próximas deBelonia, principalmente por el aspecto del talo, la septación de las ascósporas y por la ecologı&#x0301;a. Se incluye una clave de las especies europeas deBelonia.     

HbA1c and Blood Pressure Measurements: Relation with Gender,Body Mass Index,Study Field,and Lifestyle in Lebanese Students

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes in Lebanese university students and to examine the relationship between both hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) and gender, body mass index (BMI), study field, and lifestyle factors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut. A total of 603 students aged 18 to 25 years were recruited from both the medical science campus (MSC) and the social science campus (SSC) between January, 2016, and May, 2018. Waist circumference (WC), BMI, and BP were determined for each student and HbA1c was measured using the Siemens vintage DCA device. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about their eating habits and level of physical activity.Results: The mean age of the population was 20.31 ± 1.76 years. The percentage of participants recruited from the MSC was 59.2%. The prevalence of prediabetes was 2.5%. Lower BMI, WC, and HbA1c values, and higher diastolic BP (DBP) were found in MSC students compared to SSC ones. HbA1c, systolic BP (SBP), and DBP were correlated with BMI (P = .02, P<.0001, and P = .017, respectively). HbA1c was not associated with eating habits or physical activity. DBP was inversely associated with physical activity (P = .002), while SBP was positively associated with fast food consumption (P = .003).Conclusion: The present study shows a low prevalence of prediabetes in Lebanese students. BMI and the study field are the main factors predicting HbA1c and BP. Further studies are needed to extrapolate our results to the overall young Lebanese population.Abbreviations: ADA = American Diabetes Association; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HTN = hypertension; MSC = medical science campus; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SSC = social science campus; T2D = type 2 diabetes; US = United States; USJ = Saint-Joseph University; WC = waist circumference     

Pediatric Visceral Adiposity Index Adaptation Correlates with Homa-Ir,Matsuda, and Transaminases

Objective: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a mathematical model associated with cardiometabolic risk in adults, but studies on children failed to support this association. Our group has proposed a pediatric VAI model using pediatric ranges, but it has not yet been evaluated and needs further adjustments. The objective of this study was to further adjust the proposed pediatric VAI by age, creating a new pediatric metabolic index (PMI), and assess the correlation of the PMI with insulin resistance indexes and hepatic enzymes.Methods: A cross-sectional design with data from 396 children (age 5 to 17 years) was analyzed with a generalized linear model to find the coefficients for triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference–body mass index quotient. The model was constructed according to sex and age and designated PMI. A cross-validation analysis was performed and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine cut-off points.Results: Significant moderate correlation was found between PMI and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.452; P = .003), Matsuda (r = -0.366; P = .019), alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.315, P = .045), and γ-glutamyltransferase (r = 0.397; P = .010). A PMI score >1.7 was considered as risk.Conclusion: PMI correlates with HOMA-IR, Matsuda, and hepatic enzymes. It could be helpful for identifying children at risk for cardiometabolic diseases.Abbreviations:ALT = alanine transaminaseBMI = body mass indexGGT = γ-glutamyltransferaseHDL-C = high-density-lipoprotein cholesterolHOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistancehs-CRP = high sensitivity C-reactive proteinISI = insulin sensitivity indexNAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePMI = pediatric metabolic indexQUICKI = quantitative insulin sensitivity check indexROC = receiver operating characteristicTG = triglycerideTNF-α = tumor necrosis factor–alphaVAI = visceral adiposity indexVAT = visceral adipose tissueWC = waist circumference     

Acétolyse d'une diazocétone derivée d'octose: synthése d'une N-acétyllincosamine protégée, de ses epiméres en c-6 et c-7, et d'une 3-oxétanone á chane latérale glucidique

The acetolysis with anhydrous acetic acid of the diazoketone 1, prepared from potassium 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacturonate, gave ketoacetates having the D-glycero (3)and L-glycero (5)configuration at C-7, together with the 3-oxetanone 7, a product of pyranose-ring opening. Starting from the ketoacetates 3 and 5, the lincosamine derivative, 6-acetamido-6,8-dideoxy-1,2:,4-di-O-isopropylidene -α-D-erythro-D-galacto-octopyranose (8), and its three diastereoisomers at C-6 and C-7 (9, 10, and 11) were obtained by oximation, reduction, and N-acetylation.

Résumé

L'acétolyse par l'acide acétique anhydre de la diazocétone 1 dérivée du 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidéne-α-D-galacturonate de potassium, donne les céto-acétates deconfiguration D-glycéro (3) et L-glycéro (5) sur C-7, ainsi que la 3-oxétanone 7 qui résulte de l'ouverture du cycle pyranosique. A partir des céto-acétates 3 et 5, on a obtenu, par oximation, réduction et N-acétylation, le dérivé de la lincosamine, 6-acétamido-6,8-didésoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidéne-α-D-érythro-D-galacto-octo-pyranose (8), et ses trois diastéréoisoméres en C-6 et C-7 (9, 10 et 11).