Six new species of palaeonemerteans (Nemertea) from Hong Kong

One new genus and six new species of palaeonemerteans are described and illustrated from Hong Kong and the New Territories; these are Hubrechtella sinimarinus sp. nov. and Parahubrechtia jillae gen. et sp. nov. in the Hubrechtidae, and Callinera bergendali sp. nov., Carinina sinensis sp. nov., Tubulanus hylbomi sp. nov. and Tubulanus longivasculus sp. nov. in the Tubulanidae. These bring the known number of pa-laeonemertean species from Hong Kong to 11; a key to these species, based primarily upon features distinguishable in the living animals, is provided.     

Description of Hygrobates aloisii sp. nov. from Hong Kong, a new species of Hygrobates (Lurchibates) subgen. nov. (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), with data on the parasite-host relationship to the Hong Kong Newt Paramesotriton hongkongensis (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae)

Adults and deutonymphs of a new water mite species of the genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) were found to parasitize the Hong Kong Newt, Paramesotriton hongkongensis Myers and Leviton, 1962 (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae), endemic to Hong Kong and coastal areas of Guangdong Province: Hygrobates aloisii sp. nov. Males and females, as well as deutonymphs and larvae are described. A new subgenus - Lurchibates subgen. nov. - is defined to accommodate the species of the Hygrobates salamandrarum-group. The parasite-host association, infestation rate, attachment sites and the impact of mite infestation on the newts behaviour and body condition are investigated. These ecological aspects of the parasite-host association between freshwater mites and newts are examined for the first time in detail in their natural habitat.     

Fungi on grasses: new species of Ascotaiwania,Diaporthe and Oxydothis (Ascomycetes)

Four new species of ascomycetes, Ascotaiwania pennisetarum sp. nov., Diaporthe appendiculata sp. now., Diaporthe minutis sp. nov., and Oxydothis miscanthiecola sp. nov., are described from senescent culms of grasses in Hong Kong. Ascotaiwania pennisetarum is distinctive from other species in the genus as ascospores are narrower. Diaporthe minutis differs from the most similar Diaporthe species in having ascospores with bipolar mucilaginous pads, while Diaporthe appendiculata differs from other species in having ascospores with both a mucilaginous pad and appendages at both ends. Oxydothis miscanthicola differs from other species in the genus in having long fusiform ascospores, which taper to rounded apices or otherwise differ in shape and size. These new species are compared with existing species and illustrated with interference light micrographs. The Diaporthe species known to posses mucilaginous ascospore appendages are listed.     

A new species ofLeptosphaerulina from decaying mangrove wood from Hong Kong

Leptosphaerulina mangrovei sp. nov. (Pleosporaceae, Ascomycota) from decaying mangrove wood ofKandelia candel from subtropical Hong Kong is described and compared to related taxa.     

Two New Species of Liuixalus (Rhacophoridae,Anura): Evidence from Morphological and Molecular Analyses

Due to small body sizes, superficial similarities in morphologies, and obscure activity behaviors, the phylogeny and taxonomy of species in the genus Liuixalus were very troublesome. Some species might comprise a complex of cryptic species. To investigate the species of group, we constructed the matrilineal genealogy of the genus using 16s rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. Analyses recovered six well supported matrilines that involved L. romeri, L. ocellatus, L. hainanus, L. calcarius, Liuixalus shiwandashan sp. nov. and Liuixalus jinxiuensis sp. nov., though the historical relationships among them remained unresolved. Currently, Liuixalus included 4 species, distributed eastwards from northern Vietnam to Hong Kong, China. Based on genealogical and morphological distinctiveness, we described Liuixalus jinxiuensis sp. nov. from the type locality Mt. Dayao, Jinxiu, China and Liuixalus shiwandashan sp. nov. from the type locality Mt. Shiwanda, China. A combination of morphological measurements, genetic, bioacoustic and osteological analysis was served to diagnose the new taxa.     

副华枝樇属分类研究及三新种记述(樇目: 笛樇科: 长角枝樇亚科)

本文对副华枝樇属Parasinophasma Chen et He进行了分类研究, 其中包括3新种--斑副华枝樇Parasinophasma maculatum sp. nov., 天目山副华枝樇Parasinophasma tianmushanense sp. nov.和单色副华枝樇Parasinophasma unicolor sp. nov.樇 新种模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所、上海昆虫博物馆、上海师范大学和香港昆虫学会。     

Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Linocarpon lammiae sp. nov., L. siamensis sp. nov. and L. suthepensis sp. nov. are described with a key to Linocarpon species from the Pandanaceae

Linocarpon species are reported from Pandanaceae in Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Seychelles, Thailand and Vanuatu. Linocarpon lammiae sp. nov. were collected on decaying leaves of Pandanus tectorius in Hong Kong. Linocarpon siamensis sp. nov. and L. suthepensis sp. nov. were collected from decaying leaves of P. penetrans in Thailand. These taxa are described, illustrated and compared with Linocarpon species with similar ascospore morphology and dimensions. Included are a synoptic table, which compares the new species to similar known species, and a dichotomous key to species of Linocarpon known from members of the Pandanaceae.     

香港地区毛蠓新种和新纪录（双翅目：蠓科）

2005年11月和2006年5月,先后两次的采集中获得毛蠓1个本地新纪录,竹生毛蠓Dasyhdea bambusaoris Yu,2005和3个新种,分别命名为何玉贤毛蠓新种Dasyhelea heyuxiani Yu,Yuan,and Zeng sp．nov．、尖刺毛蠓新种Dasyhelea apiculata Yu,Chen,and Yan sp．nov．和亚刺毛蠓新种Dasyhdea subechinatus Yu,Zeng,and Yuan sp,nov．。     

中国香港细蜉属三新种记述(蜉蝣目:细蜉科)

记述了采自中国香港的细蜉科Caenidae,细蜉属Caenis3新种：点刻细蜉Caenis aspera sp.nov.、双突细蜉Caenis bicornis sp.nov.和光滑细蜉Caenis lubrica sp.nov.。模式标本均保存在中国广州华南农业大学昆虫学系昆虫标本室。     

香港潜蝇科(双翅目)的分类研究

报道了香港22种潜蝇科昆虫,其中包括5新种、6个中国大陆新记录种。新种模式标本分藏于下列两处： Melanagromyza squamifera sp. nov., Ophiomyia imparispina sp. nov., Phytomyza redunca sp. nov.的模式标本保存于日本东京自然博物馆; Melanagromyza dipetala sp. nov., Ophiomyia vasta sp. nov.的模式标本保存于美国夏威夷比肖普博物馆。     

New Angarosphecidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern China

Two new species of the family Angarosphecidae, Angarosphex saxosus sp. nov. and Vitimosphex vividus sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China are described and illustrated. Generic diagnoses are revised. The genera Palaeapis Hong, 1984, Mataeosphex: Zhang, 1985, and Calobaissodes Zhang, 1992 are synonymized under Angarosphex Rasnitsyn, 1975, and new combinations Angarosphex beiboziensis (Hong, 1984), comb. nov., Angarosphex venulosus (Zhang, 1985), comb. nov., and Angarosphex strigosus Zhang, 1992, comb. nov. are proposed. The genus Vitimosphex Rasnitsyn, 1975 is found reaching northeastern China in its distribution. New morphological data are presented to complete characteristics of the genera concerned.     

中国猛蚁属系统分类研究（膜翅目：蚁科）

记述中国猛蚁属PoneraLatreille昆虫8种,其中在云南省西双版纳自然保护区发现并描述5新种,模式标本保存于西南林学院资源学院昆虫标本室。中华猛蚁P.sinensisWheeler(图4～6)分布于香港;阿里山猛蚁P.alisanaTerayama(图10～12)和知本猛蚁P.chiponensisTerayama(图19～20)分布于台湾省。提供了8个种的工蚁分种检索表。新种模式标本和示差鉴别特征如下 1.五齿猛蚁Ponerapentodontos,新种(图1～3) 　　正模工蚁,No.A97-2046,730m,云南省勐腊县补蚌,1997-Ⅷ-17,曾光。副模1工蚁,同正模;1工蚁,同正模但No.A97-2028;8工蚁,同正模但No.A97-2089。本新种与中华猛蚁P.sinensisWheeler(图4～6)接近,但上颚具5个近等大的齿;头部较宽,头比CI95-98;腹柄结较窄,腹柄结比PNI76-81;腹柄下突前下角圆钝。 2.勐腊猛蚁Poneramenglana,新种(图7～9) 　　正模工蚁,No.A97-2046,730m,云南省勐腊县补蚌,1997-Ⅷ-17,曾光。副模4工蚁,2雄蚁,同正模;3工蚁,同正模但No.A97-2024;9工蚁,同正模但No.A97-2029;7工蚁,1脱翅雌蚁,No.A97-1134,660m,云南省勐腊县勐仑镇翠屏峰,1997-Ⅷ-10,何云峰;6工蚁,同No.A97-1134但No.A97-1153,柳太勇;9工蚁,2雌蚁,同No.A97-1134但No.A97-1162,徐正会。本新种与中华猛蚁P.sinensisWheeler(图4～6)接近,但身体较大,头长HL0.65-0.68,头宽HW0.58-0.60;侧面观腹柄结后上角较隆起;腹柄下突后下角仅具1微小齿。 3.南贡山猛蚁Poneranangongshana,新种(图13～15) 　　正模工蚁,No.A98-824,1620m,云南省勐腊县南贡山,1998-Ⅲ-15,何云峰。副模3工蚁,同正模;1工蚁,同正模但No.A98-819;6工蚁,同正模但Nos.A97-2184,A97-2186,1525m。本新种与阿里山猛蚁P.alisanaTerayama(图10～12)接近,但柄节末端不到达后头缘;唇基前缘中央缺少1钝齿;腹柄下突后下角不具齿。 4.龙林猛蚁Poneralonglina,新种(图16～18) 　　正模工蚁,No.A97-1315,1050m,云南省勐腊县龙林,1997-Ⅷ-11,何云峰。本新种与分布于菲律宾的女山神猛蚁P.oreasWheeler(图25～27)接近,但复眼仅具1个小眼;腹柄结较窄,腹柄宽DPW0.25,腹柄结比PNI71;侧面观腹柄下突后下角齿较小,指向后方。 5.巴卡猛蚁Ponerabaka,新种(图22～24) 　　正模工蚁,No.A97-2990,840m,云南省勐腊县勐仑镇巴卡小寨,1997-XII-08,杨比伦。本新种与知本猛蚁P.chiponensisTerayama(图19～21)接近,但头前部与后部等宽;唇基前缘中央缺少1钝齿;上颚只具3个端齿;侧面观腹柄结较薄,腹柄下突具小窗斑,前下角钝角状,后下角只具1个小齿。     

First description of axymyiid fossils (Insecta: Diptera: Axymyiidae)

Two species of fossil insects from the Daohugou Formation of Chifeng City in Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, northeastern China are described, and recognized as Psocites pectinatus (Hong, 1983) nov. emend., nov. transl. and P. fossilis nov. sp. They are the oldest representatives of the family Callovian or Axymyiidae, and first described of this family in the Mesozoic. Although early the age of the fly-bearing beds is controversial, it is probably Oxfordian or Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) rather than Early Cretaceous or Middle Jurassic.     

中国扁蜉科二新种记述(昆虫纲,蜉蝣目)

记述采自中国香港的蜉蝣目扁蜉科2新种。根据稚虫和成虫的形态特征,详细描述了中国新纪录属康扁蜉属Compsoneuria 1新种：大埔浯康扁蜉Compsoneuria taipokauensis sp．nov．。该新种的成虫标本由稚虫在实验室内饲养而成。根据稚虫形态特征,详细描述了高翔蜉属1新种：箭鬃高翔蜉Epeorus sagittatus sp．nov．。     

Snipe flies (Diptera: Rhagionidae) from the Daohugou Formation (Jurassic), Inner Mongolia,and the systematic position of related records in China

Abstract: Four new species referred to three new genera and one known genus of fossil snipe flies (Family Rhagionidae) from the Daohugou Formation of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia, north‐eastern China, are described as Daohugorhagio elongatus gen. et sp. nov., Parachrysopilus jurassicus gen. et sp. nov., Sinorhagio sinuatus sp. nov. and Trichorhagio gregarius gen. et sp. nov. These taxa represent only a fraction of the rhagionid assemblage in the Daohugou biota. They contribute towards the high diversity and abundance of snipe flies during the latest Middle Jurassic – earliest Late Jurassic. The diagnosis of Sinorhagio K. Zhang, Yang and Ren, 2006 is revised based on the new results. Many genera and species from the Lower Cretaceous of China have been assigned to Rhagionidae. Most of these do not actually belong to this family: specifically Mesorhagiophryne incerta Hong and Wang, 1990, M. robusta Hong and Wang, 1990, Mesostratiomyia laiyangensis Hong and Wang, 1990, Stratiomyopsis robusta Hong and Wang, 1990, Longhuaia orientalis Hong, Wang and Sun, 1992, Basilorhagio venusius Ren, 1995. Pauromyia oresbia Ren, 1998 is transferred to an archisargid genus as Sharasargus oresbius (Ren, 1998) comb. nov.     

Palynology of the Dockum group (Upper Triassic), Texas,U.S.A.

A palynofloral assemblage is described from the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Forty palynomorph species are recorded and these are correlated with European Upper Triassic assemblages. The Dockum Group assemblage is considered to be of late Karnian age.Two new genera, Tulesporites gen. nov., type species T. briscoensis sp. nov., and Daughertyspora gen. nov., type species D. chinleanus (Daugherty) comb. nov. have been erected; new species are Converrucosisporites matsenii sp. nov., Pyramidosporites traversei sp. nov., Callialasporites triassicus sp. nov., Plicatipollenites minutotriletus sp. nov., Triadispora dockumensis sp. nov., Bhardwajispora jansonii sp. nov., Protodiploxypinus americus sp. nov., P. ujhelyi sp. nov., Klausipollenites gouldii sp. nov., Pityosporites old-hamensis sp. nov., Abietineaepollenites bujakii sp. nov., Falcisporites oviformis sp. nov. and F. tecovasensis sp. nov.     

Ten new species of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Baltic amber

Ten new species of caddisflies of the families Polycentropodidae (nine) and Molannidae (one) are described from the Eocene Baltic amber: Holocentropus peregrinator sp. nov., H. proximorepertus sp. nov., H. dugoi sp. nov., H. fundamentalis sp. nov., H. telergon sp. nov., Plectrocnemia varigoria sp. nov., P. synthesia sp. nov., P. novokshonovi sp. nov., Nyctiophylax valideturbidus sp. nov., and Molanna okraina sp. nov.     

Ascominuta lignicola, a new loculoascomycete from submerged wood in Hong Kong

Ascominuta lignicola gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a specimen collected on submerged wood in Hong Kong.Ascominuta lignicola is characterised by relatively small ascomata, globose, 4-spored asci, and ascospores with an elaborate sheath.Ascominuta lignicola is compared withMassarina, Mycosphaerella andWettsteinina. The placement ofAscominuta in the Ascomycetesincertae sedis is discussed.