嗜盐古生菌br基因的遗传分析

从新疆阿尔金山地区阿乌拉仔盐湖分离纯化到几株极端嗜盐古生菌AJ11, AJ12和AJ13, 采用PCR技术分别扩增了其16S rRNA基因(16S rDNA)和编码螺旋C至螺旋G的细菌视紫红质(bacteriorhodopsin, BR)蛋白基因片段, 测定了基因的核苷酸序列。基于16S rDNA序列的同源性比较以及系统发育学研究表明, 分离到的菌株是Natrinema属中成员, 并构成一个独立的微生物种群。随后的遗传分析, 包括GC含量、转换与颠换的比率、同义突变率分析, 表明br基因间具有较高的遗传分歧程度, 并面临着净化选择和偏倚突变压的双重抑制。研究为物种资源及BR蛋白资源的进一步利用打下基础。     

新疆艾比湖嗜盐菌的细菌视紫红质和16S rRNA基因序列的研究

为了研究分析嗜盐古生菌物种与细菌视紫红质(BR)蛋白基因资源,从40份土壤、湖水及淤泥样品中分离出148株嗜盐菌,对其中6株菌采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对其编码螺旋C至螺旋G的蛋白基因片段和16SrRNA基因进行了扩增,并测定了基因的核苷酸序列。与已报道的相应片段进行对比,ABDH10,ABDH1I和ABDH40中的螺旋C至螺旋G的蛋白与其他菌株差异显著。基于16SrRNA序列的同源性比较以及系统发育学研究表明,ABDH10和ABDH40是Natronorubrum属下的新成员和Natrinema属下的新成员,ABDH40的16SrRNA序列已登录到GenBank,其序列号为AY989910。ABDH11中的螺旋C至螺旋G的蛋白与其他菌株差异显著。     

一个新的Br蛋白基因部分序列测定及分析

从新疆北部艾比湖分离纯化到极端嗜盐古生菌AB1,采用PCR方法扩增了其165 rRNA基因(16S rDNA)和编码螺旋C至螺旋G的细菌视紫红质(bacteriorhodopsin,Br)蛋白基因片段,并测定了基因的核苷酸序列。基于16S rDNA序列的同源性比较及系统发育学研究表明,AB1是Natronococcus属中新成员。通过对菌株AB1的Br蛋白亲水性分析表明,AB1的Br蛋白与已报道Br蛋白有类似的超二级结构,进一步的蛋白质序列聚合比对结果表明,AB1中Br蛋白螺旋C至螺旋G的氨基酸序列与其他菌株差异明显。研究结果表明菌株AB1的Br蛋白是一种新的Br蛋白。     

巴里坤湖和玛纳斯湖嗜盐菌的分离及功能酶的筛选

目的:了解新疆巴里坤湖与马纳斯湖中嗜盐菌及功能酶的多样性。方法:从两湖中采集水样进行菌种分离,采用PCR方法扩增出其16S rRNA基因(16S rDNA),并测定了基因的序列。对分离菌株进行了蛋白酶、淀粉酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、以及纤维素酶的筛选。结果:从两湖水样共分离得到51株嗜盐菌。基于16SrDNA序列的同源性比较和系统发育学分析,发现从两湖分离获得的中度嗜盐菌分别属于Planococcaceae、Bacillacea、Staphylococcus、Halomonadaceae、Salicolaceae以及Pseudomonadacaeae 6个属。分离得到的极端嗜盐古菌属于Halobacteriaceae属。功能酶筛选结果表明产蛋白酶的嗜盐菌共有15株,产酯酶的共有23株,产淀粉酶的共有8株,未获得产脂肪酶和纤维素酶的嗜盐菌。结论:新疆巴里坤湖和马纳斯湖中有丰富的嗜盐微生物资源及酶资源,有重要的研究意义和应用前景。     

岱山盐场可培养嗜盐菌的多样性及其产酶活性筛选

从岱山盐场采集样品,利用选择性培养基分离培养嗜盐菌,对盐田环境中可培养嗜盐菌的多样性及产酶活性进行研究.共分离得到181株嗜盐菌菌株,通过真细菌和古生菌两对通用引物扩增其16S rRNA 基因,并采用限制性内切酶Hinf I进行ARDRA(amplified rDNA restriction analysis)多态性分析,共分为21个不同的操作分类单元(operation taxonomy units, OTUs),其中嗜盐细菌有12个OTUs,嗜盐古菌有9个OTUs.选取具有不同酶切图谱的代表菌株进行克隆测序,BLAST 比对及系统发育分析将嗜盐细菌归于7个属,其中嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)的菌株数占优势,是嗜盐细菌总数的46.8%;嗜盐古菌归于4个属,盐盒菌属(Haloarcula)的菌株数占优势,是嗜盐古菌总数的49.1%.对分离菌株的产酶活性进行检测表明,岱山盐田环境蕴含丰富的产淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶等生物活性酶的嗜盐菌, 其中盐盒菌属产酶菌株数最丰富.研究结果表明,岱山盐田环境中具有较为丰富的嗜盐菌多样性,是筛选产酶菌株的重要资源库.     

一个新的Br蛋白基因部分序列测定及分析

从新疆北部艾比湖分离纯化到极端嗜盐古生菌AB1,采用PCR方法扩增了其16S rRNA基因（16S rDNA）和编码螺旋C至螺旋G的细菌视紫红质（bacteriorhodopsin,Br）蛋白基因片段,并测定了基因的核苷酸序列。基于16S rDNA序列的同源性比较及系统发育学研究表明,AB1是Natronococcus属中新成员。通过对菌株AB1的Br蛋白亲水性分析表明,AB1的Br蛋白与已报道Br蛋白有类似的超二级结构,进一步的蛋白质序列聚合比对结果表明,AB1中Br蛋白螺旋C至螺旋G的氨基酸序列与其他菌株差异明显。研究结果表明菌株AB1的Br蛋白是一种新的Br蛋白。Abstract: A strain of halophilic archaeum AB1 was isolated and purified from Aibi Lake located in the north of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Partial DNA fragment encoding a bateriorhodopsin (Br) protein as well as 16S rRNA of AB1 was amplified by PCR, and their nucleotide sequences were determined subsequently. On the basis of homology and phylognetic analysis about 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA), it could be speculated that the strain AB1 is a novel member of the genus Natronococcus. The hydrophathy analysis of Br fragment revealed that the AB1 Br had a transmembrane heptahelical structure similar to that of other Brs. On the other hand, homology alignment using the deduced partial amino acid sequence of Br protein of AB1 with other Br proteins showed that AB1 Br protein is obviously different to others. These facts indicated that the Br in halophilic archaeum AB1 is a new Br protein.     

诱导溶源性嗜盐古生菌产生噬菌体的方法

目的:用简单易行的诱导手段,从溶源性的嗜盐古生菌中诱导产生新的噬菌体,为分离嗜盐古生菌噬菌体提供一种新的途径.方法:分别用紫外线与丝裂霉素C对10株对数期的嗜盐古生菌菌株进行诱导,上清液采用双层平板法进行噬菌斑鉴定,并用脉冲场凝胶电泳对噬菌体基因组进行分析.结果:经1 μg/mL丝裂霉素C诱导的嗜盐古生菌融合子F5产生了一株新的嗜盐古生菌噬菌体SNJ1,该噬菌体能感染Natrinema属的菌株J7.结论:丝裂霉素C能诱导原噬菌体从宿主中分离,为嗜盐古生菌噬菌体分离提供了一条新的途径.     

基于高通量测序的花马盐湖原核微生物及其耐盐基因

【目的】揭示陕北花马盐湖沉积物原核微生物群落组成,并分析其潜在的耐盐功能基因。【方法】构建盐湖沉积物宏基因组16S r RNA文库和fosmid文库,利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序及生物信息技术分析细菌古菌群落组成和耐盐菌株(5-5)外源宏基因组的潜在耐盐基因。【结果】获得18978条有效的16Sr RNA序列,共5221个OTUs,包括23个门,155个属,其中广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌门,盐杆状菌属(Halorhabdus)、盐红菌属(Halorubrum)及假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等16个属为优势属,以及嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、冷弯菌属(Psychroflexus)及不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)等139个属为非优势属。从4126个fosmid文库菌株中筛选出37株耐盐菌株,其中菌株5-5、2E4和2F4对不同浓度的NaCl、CuSO_4、ZnSO_4及CdSO_4具有耐受性,从5-5的外源宏基因组序列中获得61个Unigene,其中12个Unigene的同源基因编码的蛋白质如无机焦磷酸酶、转座酶、亚碲酸钾抗性蛋白及钙调蛋白等广泛参与其他生物的耐盐逆境。【结论】盐湖沉积物中蕴藏着丰富多样的细菌古菌类群以及潜在耐盐功能基因资源。     

嗜盐古菌R1中与真核同源基因rad25启动子的序列分析和启动活性研究

在盐生盐杆菌(Halobacterium halobium)R1中分析了真核同源基因rad25的转录,分析了rad25同源基因启动子片段的序列特征,用β_半乳糖苷酶基因(bgaH)为报告基因,利用启动子探针检测技术验证了rad25同源基因启动子片段在嗜盐古生菌WFD11中的启动功能;缺失分析进一步确认了rad25同源基因启动子具有嗜盐古菌启动子典型特征。从启动子和转录水平上证明盐生盐杆菌R1中真核同源基因rad25存在生物学功能,推测其可能在核苷酸切除修复(NER)起作用。     

青海湖嗜盐微生物系统发育与种群多样性

青海湖是我国境内最大的内陆咸水湖泊,水体中嗜盐微生物的生存现状尚不明确。本研究利用OSM培养基(Oesterhelt-Stoeckenius medium),从湖域生境水样中富集和分离获得嗜盐微生物35株,以中度嗜盐菌为主,约占62.9%(22株);轻度嗜盐菌次之,约占22.9%(8株);耐盐菌与非嗜盐菌分别占11.4%(4株)和2.9%(1株)。根据16SrDNA序列的系统发育分析表明,γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)菌株最多,约占68.6%(24株);芽孢杆菌纲次之,约占17.1%(6株);放线菌纲、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria,1株)和散囊菌亚纲(Eurotiomycetidae,1株)的类群相对较少。这些嗜盐菌属于14个属,其中以海洋螺菌目盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)为优势种群,共计10株;其次为海单胞菌属(Marinomonas),共4株。中度嗜盐菌盐单胞菌属应为青海湖嗜盐菌的优势种群,可能因为相对偏低的盐度环境,为其长期进化和适应性生存提供了必要条件。     

南极嗜冷假单胞菌7197 S- 腺苷同型半胱氨酸水解酶 ( SAHH) 基因的克隆与序列分析

从南极普利兹湾深海沉积物中筛选到一株耐冷菌株7197,其16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）。作者通过设计引物,从该菌的全基因组DNA中克隆到编码S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸（SAHH）的完整ORF,全长为1424bp。使用DNAMAN（5,1）软件对全长ORF为1424bp的SAHH基因进行分析,SAHH基因编码一个由474AA残基组成、分子量预计为52523Da的SAHH蛋白质,与Psychrobacter sp．273—4的SAHH有96．84％的相似性;与Acinetobacter sp．ADP1的SAHH有79％的相似性;与Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5的SAHH有75％的相似性。     

Genetic analysis of the br gene in halophilic archaea isolated from Xinjiang region, China

Some novel members of extremely halophilic archaea, strains AJ 11, AJ 12 and AJ 13, were isolated from the Aularz Lake located in the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region in China. Partial DNA fragments encoding a bacteriorho-dopsin (BR), as well as for 16S rRNA of isolated strains, were amplified by PCR and their DNA sequences were determined subsequently. On the basis of homology and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA, we thought that the isolated strains forming a microbiological population are the members of the genus Natrinema. The results of genetic analysis, such as GC content, transition/transver-sion (Ti/Tv) rate ratios and synonymous substitution rates (Ks) indicate that the br fragments, with a high level of genetic divergence, are faced with both purifying selection and bias mutation pressure. The study provides the basis for use of species and BR proteins resources.     

FK506-binding protein-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase from a halophilic archaeum, Halobacterium cutirubrum

The halophilic archaeum, Halobacterium cutirubrum, has been shown to have a cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase). Because most archaeal genomes studied only have genes for FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) as a PPIase, it has been unclear whether H. cutirubrum has an FKBP-type PPIase or not. In the present study, a gene encoding an FKBP-type PPIase was cloned from genomic DNA of H. cutirubrum and then sequenced. This FKBP was deduced to be composed of 303 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 33.3kDa. Alignment of its amino acid sequence with those of other reported FKBPs showed that it contained two insertion sequences in the regions corresponding to the bulge and flap of human FKBP12, which are common to archaeal FKBPs. Its C-terminal amino acid sequence was approximately 130 amino acids longer than the FKBPs of Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus and Thermococcus sp. KS-1. Among the 14 conserved amino acid residues that form the FK506 binding pocket, only three were found in this FKBP. This gene was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli, and the N-terminal GST portion was removed by protease digestion. The purified recombinant FKBP showed a weak PPIase activity with a low sensitivity to FK506. This FKBP suppressed aggregation of the unfolded protein.     

黑龙江省大林姬鼠中汉坦病毒的分离及其S基因序列分析

为了研究黑龙江省大林姬鼠携带汉坦病毒(HV)的分子特征,对黑龙江省大林姬鼠分离株NA33的S基因进行了扩增和序列分析。结果表明,NA33株S基因全长由1 693nt组成,TA含量丰富,编码N蛋白的ORF起始于37nt,终止于1 326nt,编码的蛋白长429aa,符合HTN型编码。与HV参考毒株进行比较,NA33与Amur类汉坦病毒同源性最高,与其它HTN型相对较低,与SEO等同源性更低。N蛋白进化树分析表明,NA33位于Amur类病毒所在支系,并且与俄罗斯远东和吉林大林姬鼠分离株亲缘关系更接近,体现了一定的宿主依赖性和地理簇集性。序列分析发现,NA33的N蛋白具有Amur类汉坦病毒保守的氨基酸位点。黑龙江省大林姬鼠携带Amur类汉坦病毒,是重要的传染源。     

一株南极嗜冷杆菌产丙酮酸脱氢酶的 性质研究及基因克隆

从南极普利兹湾深海沉积物中筛选到一株嗜冷杆菌7195。其16SrDNA序列分析表明谊菌株属于嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）,从该菌的全基因组DNA中克隆到编码丙酮酸脱氢酶系E1（PDHcEI）的完整ORF,全长为2817bp,使用DNAMAN5．1对其全长ORF的PDHcEI基因进行分析,PDHcE1基因编码一个由939AA残基组成、分子量预计为100663Da的PDHcEI蛋白质,与Psychrobacter sp．273—4的PDHcE1有78．53％的相似性。     

Genetic analysis of the br gene in halophilic archaea isolated from Xinjiang region, China

Some novel members of extremely halophilic archaea, strains AJ11, AJ12 and AJ13, were isolated from the Aularz Lake located in the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region in China. Partial DNA fragments encoding a bacteriorhodopsin (BR), as well as for 16S rRNA of isolated strains, were amplified by PCR and their DNA sequences were determined subsequently. On the basis of homology and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA, we thought that the isolated strains forming a microbiological population are the members of the genus Natrinema. The results of genetic analysis, such as GC content, transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) rate ratios and synonymous substitution rates (Ks) indicate that the br fragments, with a high level of genetic divergence, are faced with both purifying selection and bias mutation pressure. The study provides the basis for use of species and BR proteins resources. __________ Translated from Hereditas (Beijing), 2007, 29(3): 376–380 [译自: 遗传]     

Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Halophilic Archaeon AJ6

Halophilic archaeon A J6 was isolated and purified from the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Strain AJ6 is a Gram-negative rod whose size is 0.2-0.6 by 1.6-4.2 μm,wherein a few cells are globular.The optimum salt concentration for its growth is 20% NaC1 and 0.6% Mg2+,and the optimum pH is 6.0-7.0.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical characteristics of strain AJ6 were observed.The 16S rRNA encoding gene (16S rDNA)sequence of strain A J6 was amplified by PCR,and its nucteotide sequence was determined subsequently."Clustalw"and"PHYLIP"software bags were used to analyze the 16S rDNA sequence;the homology was compared,and then the phylogenetic tree was established.The results indicate that strain AJ6 is a novel species of the genus Natrinema.The GenBank accession number of the 16S rDNA sequences of strain AJ6 is AY277584.