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1.
Hideyuki Nagao Hiroaki Arai Satoko Oshima Masanori Koike Tsutomu Iijima 《Mycoscience》1998,39(1):37-42
An isolate ofVerticillum dahliae Vdp-4, pathogenic to both tomato and pepper (tomato-pepper pathotype), was examined for its vegetative compatibility with
testers of the Japanese vegetative compatibility group (subgroups J1, J2, and J3). Seven isolates ofV. dahliae from the same field as Vdp-4 in Misato, Nagano Pref. and two isolates from Hokkaido were separately determined as either
tomato pathotype (B) or pepper pathotype (C). Isolate 5922 previously reported as tomato-pepper pathotype was also examined.
Compatiblenit1 and NitM mutants were obtained from all isolates except for isolates Vdp-3 and Vdt-10. The isolate of tomato-pepper pathotype
Vdp-4 showed a strong reaction with VCGJ1 and J3 and was thus assigned to J3. Seven of these isolates showed compatibility
and were assigned into three provisional subgroups. The isolate 5922 was self-incompatible. 相似文献
2.
In glasshouse tests, infective sap from plants infected with 17 different isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from four Australian states was inoculated to three Capsicum chinense accessions (PI 152225, PI 159236 and C00943) carrying single genes that confer hypersensitive resistance to TSWV. The normal response to inoculation was development of necrotic (hypersensitive) local lesions in inoculated leaves without systemic invasion, but 3/1386 infected plants also developed systemic susceptible reactions in addition to hypersensitive ones. Similarly when two isolates were inoculated to C. chinense backcross progeny plants, 1/72 developed systemic susceptible reactions in addition to localised hypersensitive ones. Using cultures from the four plants with susceptible reactions and following three to five further cycles of serial subculture in TSWV‐resistant C. chinense plants, four isolates were obtained that gave systemic susceptible type reactions in the three TSWV‐resistant accessions, and in TSWV‐resistant cultivated pepper (C. annuum). When three of these isolates were inoculated to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) breeding lines with single gene resistance to TSWV, resistance was not overcome. Similarly, none of the four isolates overcame partial resistance to TSWV in Lactuca virosa. When TSWV isolates were inoculated to tomato breeding lines carrying partial resistance from L. chilense, systemic infection developed which was sometimes followed by ‘recovery’. After four successive cycles of serial passage in susceptible cultivated pepper of a mixed culture of a resistance‐breaking isolate with the non resistance‐breaking isolate from which it came, the resistance‐breaking isolate remained competitive as both were still found. However, when the same resistance‐ breaking isolate was cultured alone, evidence of partial reversion to wild‐type behaviour was eventually obtained after five but not four cycles of long term serial subculture in susceptible pepper, as by then the culture had become a mixture of both types of strain. This work suggests that resistance‐breaking strains of TSWV that overcome single gene hypersensitive resistance in pepper are relatively stable. The findings have important implications for situations where resistant pepper cultivars are deployed widely in the field without taking other control measures as part of an integrated TSWV management strategy. 相似文献
3.
The jasmonate signaling pathway in tomato regulates susceptibility to a toxin-dependent necrotrophic pathogen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mayumi Egusa Rika Ozawa Junji Takabayashi Hiroshi Otani Motoichiro Kodama 《Planta》2009,229(4):965-976
The plant hormone, jasmonic acid (JA), is known to have a critical role in both resistance and susceptibility against bacterial
and fungal pathogen attack. However, little is known about the involvement of JA in the interactions between plants and toxigenic
necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Using the tomato pathotype of Alternaria alternata (Aa) and its AAL-toxin/tomato interaction as a model system, we demonstrate a possible role for JA in susceptibility of plants
against pathogens, which utilize host-specific toxins as virulence effectors. Disease development and in planta growth of
the tomato pathotype of Aa were decreased in the def1 mutant, defective in biosynthesis of JA, compared with the wild-type (WT) cultivar. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application
restored pathogen disease symptoms to the def1 mutant and led to increased disease in the WT. On the other hand, necrotic cell death was similarly induced by AAL-toxin
both on def1 and WT, and MeJA application to the tomatoes did not affect the degree of cell death by the toxin. These results indicate
that the JA-dependent signaling pathway is not involved in host basal defense responses against the tomato pathotype of Aa, but rather might affect pathogen acceptability via a toxin-independent manner. Data further suggest that JA has a promotional
effect on susceptibility of tomato to toxigenic and necrotrophic pathogens, such that pathogens might utilize the JA signaling
pathway for successful infection. 相似文献
4.
5.
Reproduction of artificially selected near isogenic Meloidogyne incognita lineages virulent and avirulent against the Mi resistance gene of tomato was assessed on host and resistant lines and cultivars of pepper. Egg mass production following inoculation of individual potted seedlings with second-stage juveniles was studied in experiments conducted in controlled environment. Artificially selected Mi-virulent nematode populations were unable to develop on resistant pepper lines PM 217 and PM 687. This suggests that the genetic systems governing resistance to root-knot nematodes are differently expressed in tomato and pepper, in spite of the very close phylogenetic relationships and structural genomic homologies occurring between these two vegetable crops. Moreover, these artificially selected nematode populations were also found unable to develop on the susceptible pepper cultivars California Wonder and Doux Long des Landes, while their pathogenicity was not significantly affected on susceptible tomatoes. Due to the existence of naturally virulent Meloidogyne populations, these results enhance the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, in order to develop new forms of management of plant resistance to root-knot nematodes. 相似文献
6.
Eretmocerus mundus is native to the Mediterranean region where it is often observed to enter greenhouses to parasitize B. tabaci on fruiting vegetables and other host crops. Fecundity on tomato and pepper was evaluated by placing newly emerged pairs
(n = 15) of E. mundus on leaf discs infested with second instar B. tabaci, the preferred stage, maintained at 25 °C and changed daily until death of the female. All whitefly nymphs were observed
for host feeding and inverted to count parasitoid eggs. Adult longevity was estimated at 7.3±0.8 d on tomato and 10.1±1.0 d
on sweet pepper. Fecundity (number of hosts parasitized) was estimated 147.8±12.6 per female on tomato and 171.1±21.5 on pepper.
Incidence of host feeding (number of hosts killed) was significantly greater on sweet pepper than on tomato, 15.6±1.9 vs.
10.4±1.3 nymphs per female, respectively. No significant differences were detected in the duration of life stages between
sweet pepper and tomato. Preimaginal survivorship in clip cages was estimated at 69.5±11.9% on tomato and 76.6±10.5% on sweet
pepper, with no statistical differences. Net reproductive rate (R
o) was estimated at 63.8±8.2 and 51.0±4.4 on tomato and sweet pepper respectively. Generation time (T) was significantly greater on sweet pepper (19.3±0.5) than on tomato (17.9±0.4), but the estimate of intrinsic rate of increase
(r
m) was not statistically different at 0.216±0.005 and 0.219±0.004 respectively. These values are well above those reported
for B. tabaci on any crop, indicating the potential of E. mundus to control this pest on solanaceous crops in the greenhouse. 相似文献
7.
8.
Feinan Wu Nancy T. Eannetta Yimin Xu Richard Durrett Michael Mazourek Molly M. Jahn Steven D. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(7):1279-1293
We report herein the development of a pepper genetic linkage map which comprises 299 orthologous markers between the pepper
and tomato genomes (including 263 conserved ortholog set II or COSII markers). The expected position of additional 288 COSII
markers was inferred in the pepper map via pepper–tomato synteny, bringing the total orthologous markers in the pepper genome
to 587. While pepper maps have been previously reported, this is the first complete map in the sense that all markers could
be placed in 12 linkage groups corresponding to the 12 chromosomes. The map presented herein is relevant to the genomes of
cultivated C. annuum and wild C. annuum (as well as related Capsicum species) which differ by a reciprocal chromosome translocation. This map is also unique in that it is largely based on COSII
markers, which permits the inference of a detailed syntenic relationship between the pepper and tomato genomes—shedding new
light on chromosome evolution in the Solanaceae. Since divergence from their last common ancestor is approximately 20 million
years ago, the two genomes have become differentiated by a minimum number of 19 inversions and 6 chromosome translocations,
as well as numerous putative single gene transpositions. Nevertheless, the two genomes share 35 conserved syntenic segments
(CSSs) within which gene/marker order is well preserved. The high resolution COSII synteny map described herein provides a
platform for cross-reference of genetic and genomic information (including the tomato genome sequence) between pepper and
tomato and therefore will facilitate both applied and basic research in pepper.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
9.
J. P. T. Valkonen K. N. Watanabe 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(6):996-1005
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a commonly occurring plant virus that causes severe damage in many crops, including the diploid
crop species tomato and pepper (Lycopersicon spp. and Capsicum spp., respectively) of the family Solanaceae, but it is neither common nor economically important in cultivated potatoes
(Solanum tuberosum; Solanaceae). Resistance to CMV was examined in two diploid (2n=2x=24), highly heterozygous potato populations (Solanum spp.; Solanaceae) consisting of 76 and 126 progeny. Resistance to long-distance transport of CMV controlled by one locus
with a major effect and functional at a low temperature (18°C) but overcome at a high temperature (28°C) was identified in
one population. In the other population, resistance was controlled by two loci with major effects. In both populations, additional
genes with minor effects were probably also involved. Induced resistance to CMV, associated with autonomously developing cell
death lesions (Anl) previously not known in potato, was expressed in one parental line. The mechanisms of resistance to CMV
may be associated with an inherent or developmental lack of host factors required for compatible CMV-host interactions in
viral long distance transport and/or inability of CMV to efficiently suppress the host gene silencing mechanism in potatoes.
Polyploidy (gene dose) and high heterozygosity (multiple homologous genes) of potato cultivars may be significant in conferring
the durable resistance to CMV. These data provide explanations why CMV is not common and economically important in cultivated
potatoes, even though CMV commonly occurs in other crops, weeds and wild plants in potato production areas.
Received: 11 February 1999 / Accepted: 25 March 1999 相似文献
10.
Differential Reactions Between the Genus Brassica and Aggressive Single Spore Isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on sirodesmin production and pathogenicity tests with Brassica cotyledons, strains of Leptosphaeria maculans were classified as aggressive (pathotype group A), or non-aggressive (pathotype group NA). NA strains caused no differential reactions. However, the pathotype group A could be divided into 5 sub-groups. AO isolates caused non-sporulating lesions with dark margins while Al isolates sporulated on cotyledons of most Brassica hosts tested. Only the cv. Erfurter Zwerg (B. oleracea var. botrytis) reacted resistant against AO and Al strains. A2 isolates caused resistance reactions on cotyledons of the cvs. Quinta (B. napus var. oleifera) and Runde (B. rapa var. rapa). A3 and A4 isolates were not detectable in our material. Isolates of these pathotype groups, supplied by Dr. P. H. Williams, Madison, USA, caused differential reactions on the oilseed rape cvs. Glacier, Quinta and Jet Neuf. In glasshouse and field experiments strains of pathotype groups Al, A2 and NA were tested on true leaves and hypocotyls of different oilseed rape cultivars. The low aggressiveness of NA isolates was evident under all experimental conditions. A2 strains caused resistance reactions not only on cotyledons but also on true leaves and hypocotyls of Quinta. Moreover, compared with Al, pathotype group A2 was more aggressive on hypocotyls of Jet Neuf. The resistance of this cultivar against Al isolates was clearly visible on hypocotyls and true leaves but not on cotyledons. 相似文献
11.
Progenies bred from material derived from the wild potato, Solanum vernei and from the cultivated potato, S. tuberosum ssp. andigena, clone CPC 2775, were compared for their resistance to Heterodera pallida, pathotype E. The influence of additional resistance derived from the wild species, S. multidissectum, was also investigated. Both S. vernei and CPC 2775 gave progenies with variable levels of resistance and there was often no clear segregation into resistant and susceptible categories. Incorporation of gene H2 derived from S. multidissectum increased resistance to pathotype E of H. pallida for resistant material bred from both S. vernei and clone CPC 2775. The results indicate that adequate resistance to all British populations of potato cyst-nematodes can best be obtained by combining the factors for resistance from the two Andigena clones, CPC 1673 (gene H1) and CPC 2775 (gene H3), and from S. multidissectum (gene H2). 相似文献
12.
M. Pierre L. Noël T. Lahaye A. Ballvora J. Veuskens M. Ganal U. Bonas 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(1-2):255-263
The pepper (Capsicum annuum) Bs3 gene confers resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria strains expressing the avirulence protein AvrBs3. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and bulked DNA templates
from resistant and susceptible plants we identified markers linked to Bs3 and defined a 2.1-cM interval containing the target gene. Bs3-linked AFLP fragments were cloned and conformity of isolated PCR products with the desired markers was determined by hybridisation
to membrane-bound AFLP reactions. AFLP markers flanking the target gene were converted into locus-specific PCR-based markers.
These markers were employed for the analysis of 790 plants segregating for Bs3, resulting in a linkage map with a genetic resolution of 0.13 cM. Mapping of Bs3-linked markers in tomato placed them to a syntenic interval on tomato chromosome 2.
Received: 15 October 1999 / Accepted: 29 November 1999 相似文献
13.
Edgar A. Chavarro-Carrero Jasper P. Vermeulen David E. Torres Toshiyuki Usami Henk J. Schouten Yuling Bai Michael F. Seidl Bart P. H. J. Thomma 《Environmental microbiology》2021,23(4):1941-1958
Plant pathogens secrete effector molecules during host invasion to promote colonization. However, some of these effectors become recognized by host receptors to mount a defence response and establish immunity. Recently, a novel resistance was identified in wild tomato, mediated by the single dominant V2 locus, to control strains of the soil-borne vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae that belong to race 2. With comparative genomics of race 2 strains and resistance-breaking race 3 strains, we identified the avirulence effector that activates V2 resistance, termed Av2. We identified 277 kb of race 2-specific sequence comprising only two genes encoding predicted secreted proteins that are expressed during tomato colonization. Subsequent functional analysis based on genetic complementation into race 3 isolates and targeted deletion from the race 1 isolate JR2 and race 2 isolate TO22 confirmed that one of the two candidates encodes the avirulence effector Av2 that is recognized in V2 tomato plants. Two Av2 allelic variants were identified that encode Av2 variants that differ by a single acid. Thus far, a role in virulence could not be demonstrated for either of the two variants. 相似文献
14.
Cho S Chen W Muehlbauer FJ 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,109(4):733-739
Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a devastating fungal disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. To elucidate the genetic mechanism of pathotype-dependent blight resistance in chickpea, F7-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the intraspecific cross of PI 359075(1) (blight susceptible) × FLIP84-92C(2) (blight resistant) were inoculated with pathotypes I and II of A. rabiei. The pattern of blight resistance in the RIL population varied depending on the pathotype of A. rabiei. Using the same RIL population, an intraspecific genetic linkage map comprising 53 sequence-tagged microsatellite site markers was constructed. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to pathotype II of A. rabiei and two QTLs for resistance to pathotype I were identified on linkage group (LG)4A and LG2+6, respectively. A putative single gene designated as Ar19 (or Ar21d) could explain the majority of quantitative resistance to pathotype I. Ar19 (or Ar21d) appeared to be required for resistance to both pathotypes of A. rabiei, and the additional QTL on LG4A conferred resistance to pathotype II of A. rabiei. Further molecular genetic approach is needed to identify individual qualitative blight resistance genes and their interaction for pathotype-dependent blight resistance in chickpea. 相似文献
15.
Characterization of tobamovirus isolates collected from pepper crops in South East France has revealed the existance of several strains belonging to different viruses of the group. The biological and serological properties of three isolates (Vi76, Adam and Eve), selected as representative strains, have been studied. They have been compared with TMV and ToMV strains already isolated in our region as well as with other reference strains of ToMV-D and TMV-U1. They were also compared with other tobamovirus strains P11, P8 and P14, from the Netherlands, and PMMV-W from Italy also isolated from pepper genotypes possessing the “L” gene for resistance to TMV and ToMV strains. According to biological and serological reactions, Vi76 is more related to ToMV than to TMV but it is not related to Adam and Eve which are more closely related to PMMV. On the basis of the interaction with the “L” gene for resistance in pepper genotypes we have found that the Adam and P8 strains belong to the P1-2 pathotype and the Eve and P14 strains to the P1-2-3 pathotype and all the 4 strains belong to the PMMV-W group. In France, there have been no reports of the isolation of the P11 strain which is distantly related to the Adam strain. 相似文献
16.
Recent works suggest that the combination of several PGPRs could be more effective than individual strains as a horticultural
product. LS213 is a product formed by a combination of two PGPRs, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (a growth-promoting agent), B. amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a (an inducer of systemic resistance) and chitosan. The aim of this work is to establish if the combination of
three PGPR, B. licheniformis CECT 5106, Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT 5398 and Chryseobacterium balustinum CECT 5399 with LS213 would have a synergistic effect on growth promotion and biocontrol on tomato and pepper against Fusarium wilt and Rhizoctonia damping off. When individual rhizobacterium and the LS213 were put together, the biometric parameters were higher than with
individual rhizobacterium both in tomato and pepper, revealing a synergistic effect on growth promotion, being the most effective
combination that of B. licheniformis and LS213. When P. fluorescens CECT 5398 was applied alone, it gave good results, which could be due to the production of siderophores by this strain. Biocontrol
results also indicate that those treatments that combined LS213 and each of the bacteria (Treatments: T7 and T8) gave significantly
higher percentages of healthy plants for both tomato (T7: 65%) and pepper (T7: 75% and T8: 70%) than the LS213 alone (45%
of healthy plants for tomato and 60% for pepper) three weeks after pathogen attack. The effects in pepper were more marked
than in tomato. The best treatment in biocontrol was the combination of P. fluorescens and LS213. In summary, the combination of microorganisms gives better results probably due to the different mechanisms used. 相似文献
17.
J. Yaghoobi I. Kaloshian Y. Wen V. M. Williamson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(3):457-464
Accessions of the wild tomato species L. peruvianum were screened with a root-knot nematode population (557R) which infects tomato plants carrying the nematode resistance gene Mi. Several accessions were found to carry resistance to 557R. A L. peruvianum backcross population segregating for resistance to 557R was produced. The segregation ratio of resistant to susceptible plants suggested that a single, dominant gene was a major factor in the new resistance. This gene, which we have designated Mi-3, confers resistance against nematode strains that can infect plants carrying Mi. Mi-3, or a closely linked gene, also confers resistance to nematodes at 32°C, a temperature at which Mi is not effective. Bulked-segregant analysis with resistant and susceptible DNA pools was employed to identify RAPD markers linked to this gene. Five-hundred-and-twenty oligonucleotide primers were screened and two markers linked to the new resistance gene were identified. One of the linked markers (NR14) was mapped to chromosome 12 of tomato in an L. esculentum/L. pennellii mapping population. Linkage of NR14 and Mi-3 with RFLP markers known to map on the short arm of chromosome 12 was confirmed by Southern analysis in the population segregating for Mi-3. We have positioned Mi-3 near RFLP marker TG180 which maps to the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 12 in tomato. 相似文献
18.
19.
Won-Hee Kang Ngoc Huy Hoang Hee-Bum Yang Jin-Kyung Kwon Sung-Hwan Jo Jang-Kyun Seo Kook-Hyung Kim Doil Choi Byoung-Cheorl Kang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,120(8):1587-1596
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most destructive viruses in the Solanaceae family. Simple inheritance of CMV resistance in peppers has
not previously been documented; all previous studies have reported that resistance to this virus is mediated by several partially
dominant and recessive genes. In this study, we showed that the Capsicum annuum cultivar ‘Bukang’ contains a single dominant resistance gene against CMVKorean and CMVFNY strains. We named this resistance gene Cmr1 (Cucumber mosaic resistance 1). Analysis of the cellular localization of CMV using a CMV green fluorescent protein construct showed that in ‘Bukang,’ systemic
movement of the virus from the epidermal cell layer to mesophyll cells is inhibited. Genetic mapping and FISH analysis revealed
that the Cmr1 gene is located at the centromeric region of LG2, a position syntenic to the ToMV resistance locus (Tm-1) in tomatoes. Three SNP markers were developed by comparative genetic mapping: one intron-based marker using a pepper homolog
of Tm-1, and two SNP markers using tomato and pepper BAC sequences mapped near Cmr1. We expect that the SNP markers developed in this study will be useful for developing CMV-resistant cultivars and for fine
mapping the Cmr1 gene. 相似文献