萘质粒ND1.860HindⅢ片段的分子克隆和限制酶图谱

萘质粒ND1.860经限制性核酸内切酶HindⅢ完全消化和部分消化所产生的限制片段,分别在大肠杆菌质粒pBR322中克隆。通过对含有ND1.860HindⅢ片段的17个重组质粒进行限制酶分析,建立了ND1.860质粒的HindⅢ、EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ种内切酶26个切点的酶切图谱。     

铜绿色假单胞菌AS1.860中萘质粒的分离和鉴定

本文报道了一种新的萘降解质粒ND1.860。铜绿色假单胞菌AS1.860经碱-SDS裂解,氯化铯-溴化乙锭密度梯度离心,得到质粒DNA。通过电子显微镜观察到环状DNA分子,并根据轮廓周长推算其分子量为38.1×10~6道尔顿。ND1.860经过EcoRI消化产生10个片段,HindⅢ消化产生9个片段,由琼脂糖凝胶电泳得到的限制图谱与已报道的萘质粒明显不同。     

一种新型可用于DNA分子量标准的质粒构建

将首尾带有EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点的2．0kb、1．5kb、1．0kb、0．75kb、0．5kb、0．25kb六个长度的片段逐步连接到pGEM-3zf( )质粒上的B．am H I位点中,构建的质粒用EcoR Ⅰ进行单酶切,经电泳可以获得七条DNA带与设计结果完全一致,可用于DNA电泳试验中分子量标准。     

铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860萘降解质粒的转化

为进一步证明铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860菌株降解萘能力与质粒的关系,我们以菌株AS1.860作供体菌,AS1.860-30(B-2~-)作受体菌进行转化。转化子BS1.860CI具备了供体株的遗传特性,转化频率为8×10~(-8)。琼脂糖凝胶电泳和酶切图谱观察,二者质粒DNA迁移区段和酶切图谱相同,表明质粒与萘的降解及铜绿色素的产生有关。     

带有sop基因稳定表达载体的构建

F质粒的第五个EcoRⅠ片段mini-F具有质粒的分配功能。其EcoRⅠ-BamHⅠ片段含有oriS、ccd、repD和sop基因(sopA,B和C)。该片段与pBR322重组,得到质粒pDMC32。pDMC32经SmaⅠ酶切,T4连接酶连接,得到衍生质粒pDMC311,消除了oriS、ccd和repD片段。MI32(pDMC32)和MI311(pDMC311),在液体限磷基础培养基中培养100代,质粒保持率分别为93％和100％。而对照MIR322(pBR322)培养55代时,质粒保持率仅为10％。带有色氨酸启动子质粒pDR720与pBR322重组,得到质粒pDMC40。pDMC40再与mini-F的sop基因重组,得到带有sop基因的稳定表达质粒pDMC48。MI48(pDMC48)在液体限磷基础培养基中培养100代,质粒保持率为100％。     

慢生型大豆根瘤菌的结瘤基因转入快生型大豆根瘤菌中

通过三亲本杂交把慢生型大豆根瘤菌USDAllO的基因文库转移至Tn5诱变的不结瘤的快生型大豆根瘤菌321,338中,用链霉素和四环素平板选择大量接合子,接种大豆,通过结瘤基因功能互补,获得7个根瘤,从中分离出的每个菌株都仍具有链霉素和四环素抗性。分离其质粒,发现每个菌株都多了一条较载体质粒pLAFRl分子量大的质粒。将这些质粒转移至大肠杆菌HBl01中,分离其质粒,用32P标记的ncd探针进行DNA—DNA分子杂交,除载体质粒pLAFRl为阴性反应外,其他重组质粒均为阳性反应,即所获得pLAFRl克隆的DNA片段上确有nod结构基因。回收重组质粒pLAFRl：：nod,用限制性内切酶EcoR I进行酶切,从其琼脂糖凝胶电泳图上估计pLAFRl上克隆的DNA片段分子量为32kb。     

苏芸金杆菌MS07A的Cry Ⅰ基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆及表达

分离了苏芸金杆菌库斯塔克变种MS07A(Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki MS07A)的质粒,经HindⅢ酶解、凝胶电泳和Southern转移后,用DIGdUTP标记的质粒pES1的EcoR Ⅰ—F片段作探针进行DNA分子杂交,发现5.3、6.6和7kb左右的DNA片段含Cry Ⅰ基因。用Glass milk合并回收这些片段,克隆到pUC18的HindⅢ位点上并转化大肠杆菌JM109。通过菌落原位杂交、重组质粒的限制性消解等分析方法,选出带有Cry Ⅰ基因并能在大肠杆菌中表达其毒蛋白的转化子。初步生物测定结果表明。转化子TM48和TM76对松毛虫和菜青虫有毒杀活性。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅳ型(DN-599株)DNA的限制性酶切位点图及重复序列分析

牛疱疹病毒Ⅳ型(BHV-4)DNA片段分别被重组到质粒pUC9或pBR322的EcoRI、Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ位点中,用光生物素(Photobiotin)标记这些重组质粒作为探针,分别与转移到硝基纤维素膜上的病毒DNA的EcoRⅠ、Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ片段进行杂交,根据杂交结果及克隆的BHV-4DNA片段的双酶切分析,画出了病毒DNA的EcoRⅠ、Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ位点图,井证明在病毒DNA的两末端含有多聚重复序列,左侧含12个重复单位,右侧含6个重复单位,两侧重复单位的排列方向相同,重复单位的大小为2.35kb。病毒DNA分子无任何异构体.     

人成熟干扰素αD基因表达质粒的组建与分析

本工作利用本组构建的含tac启动子(promoter)的载体pTL和人工合成的接头片段,组建了人成熟干扰素αD基因的表达质粒。先从p8218质粒中酶切分离出人干扰素αD基因的Sau3AⅠ-PstⅠ大片段(约780bp),再与人工合成接头EcoRⅠ-Sau3AⅠ(11bp)及pTL的EcoRⅠ-PstⅠ大片段载体混合,用T4DNA连接酶连接后,转化大肠杆菌MM294,用氨基苄基青霉素抗性作为筛选克隆的标志,所得质粒命名为pSBM_(22)。经酶谱分析和DNA顺序测定,证明pSBM_(22)中人工接头的连接是正确的,含有人成熟干扰素αD基因。经抗病毒活性检查,每立升大肠杆菌发酵液可获得约5×10~6NIH单位的干扰素。     

酵母菌基因工程载体——pCN系杂种质粒的构建及其特性的研究

pCN系质粒是利用DNA重组技术,以YRp7和pAT153为原始质粒所构建的酵母菌基因工程载体。pCN系质粒由酵母菌TRPL基因的1．4 kb DNA片段和完整的pAT 153分子组成。根据pAT153质粒中所插入的TRPl DNA片段的方向性,pCN质粒有两种不同的构型。在性质上,pCN系质粒保留了 YRp7高转化能力和pAT153高拷贝水平,同时它在酵母受体中的稳定性比’YPp7明显提高。pCN质粒中尤以pCN60可作为酵母基因工程的载体。     

Electron microscope heteroduplex mapping of naphthalene oxidation genes on the NAH7 and SAL1 plasmids

Introduction of the transposon Tn5 to serve as a marker allows electron microscope heteroduplex mapping of the naphthalene oxidation genes on the approximately 83-kb NAH7 and the related approximately 85-kb SAL1 plasmids. The electron microscope-mapped gene positions on the NAH7 plasmid are in close agreement with those mapped previously by restriction digestion. The SAL1 plasmid can be considered as a mutant NAH7 plasmid which fails to direct the conversion of naphthalene to salicylate because of a mutational block but retains intact coding sequences for salicylate oxidation. Analysis of heteroduplex molecules formed between the SAL1 and NAH7::Tn5 EcoRI fragments and the known NAH7/SAL1 homology strongly suggest that the SAL1 DNA is completely homologous to NAH7 DNA except that a approximately 2.5-kb DNA segment constituting most of the nahA gene is replaced by approximately 4.6-kb nonhomologous DNA.     

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the naphthalene degradation genes from plasmid NAH7

The genes encoding the enzymes responsible for conversion of naphthalene to 2-hydroxymuconic acid (nahA through nahI) are contained on a 25-kilobase EcoRI fragment of an 85-kilobase NAH plasmid of Pseudomonas putida. These genes were cloned into the plasmid vectors pBR322 and RSF1010 to obtain the recombinant plasmids pKGX505 and pKGX511, respectively. To facilitate cloning and analysis, an NAH7 plasmid containing a Tn5 transposon in the salicylate hydroxylase gene (nahG) was used to derive the EcoRI fragment. The genes for naphthalene degradation were expressed at a low level in Escherichia coli strains containing the fragment on the recombinant plasmids pKGX505 or pKGX511. This was shown by the ability of whole cells to convert naphthalene to salicylic acid and by in vitro enzyme assays. The expression of at least two of these genes in E. coli appeared to be regulated by the presence of the inducer salicylic acid. In addition, high-level expression and induction appear to be mediated by an NAH plasmid promoter and a regulatory gene located on the fragment. A restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the cloned fragment was generated, and the map positions of several nah genes were determined by analysis of various subcloned DNA fragments.     

Evolutionary relationships between catabolic pathways for aromatics: Conservation of gene order and nucleotide sequences of catechol oxidation genes of pWW0 and NAH7 plasmids

Summary TOL plasmid pWW0 and plasmid NAH7 encode catabolic enzymes required for oxidative degradation of toluene and naphthalene, respectively. The gene order of the catabolic operon of NAH7 for salicylate oxidation was determined to be: promoter-nahG (the structural gene for salicylate hydroxylase)-nahH (catechol 2,3-dioxygenase)-nahI (hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase)-nahN (hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase)-nahL (2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase). This order is identical to that of the isofunctional genes of TOL plasmid pWW0. The complete nucleotide sequence of nahH was determined and compared with that of xylE, the isofunctional gene of TOL plasmid pWW0. There were 20% and 16% differences in their nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. The homology between the NAH7 and TOL pWW0 plasmids ends upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno sequences of nahH and xylE, but the homology continues downstream of these genes. This observation suggested that genes for the catechol oxidative enzymes of NAH7 and TOL pWW0 were derived from a common ancestral sequence which was transferred as a discrete segment of DNA between plasmids.     

Bacterial metabolism of naphthalene: construction and use of recombinant bacteria to study ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene and subsequent reactions.

The reactions involved in the bacterial metabolism of naphthalene to salicylate have been reinvestigated by using recombinant bacteria carrying genes cloned from plasmid NAH7. When intact cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 carrying DNA fragments encoding the first three enzymes of the pathway were incubated with naphthalene, they formed products of the dioxygenase-catalyzed ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. These products were separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and were identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate (HCCA) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (tHBPA). HCCA was detected as the first reaction product in these incubation mixtures by its characteristic UV spectrum, which slowly changed to a spectrum indicative of an equilibrium mixture of HCCA and tHBPA. Isomerization of either purified product occurred slowly and spontaneously to give an equilibrium mixture of essentially the same composition. tHBPA is also formed from HCCA by the action of an isomerase enzyme encoded by plasmid NAH7. The gene encoding this enzyme, nahD, was cloned on a 1.95-kb KpnI-BglII fragment. Extracts of Escherichia coli JM109 carrying this fragment catalyzed the rapid equilibration of HCCA and tHBPA. Metabolism of tHBPA to salicylaldehyde by hydration and aldol cleavage is catalyzed by a single enzyme encoded by a 1-kb MluI-StuI restriction fragment. A mechanism for the hydratase-aldolase-catalyzed reaction is proposed. The salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, nahF, was cloned on a 2.75-kb BamHI fragment which also carries the naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase gene, nahB. On the basis of the identification of the enzymes encoded by various clones, the gene order for the nah operon was shown to be p, A, B, F, C, E, D.     

Specific Fragmentation of DNA of Adenovirus Serotypes 3, 5, 7, and 12, and Adeno-Simian Virus 40 Hybrid Virus Ad2+ND1 by Restriction Endonuclease R· EcoRI

The products of complete digestion of duplex DNA of each of seven human adenoviruses with restriction endonuclease R. EcoRI ranged from two fragments for adenovirus 7 DNA (Ad7) to six fragments for Ad12 and Ad2 DNA. Viral serotypes from the same subgroups appeared to have related cleavage sites; Ad3 DNA and Ad7 (cl E46-LL) DNA were each cleaved into three fragments, and Ad7 (cl 19) DNA lacked one of the cleavage sites present in Ad3 and Ad7 (cl E46-LL) DNA. One of the cleavage sites in Ad2 DNA was deleted in the DNA' of adeno-SV40 hybrid virus Ad2(+)ND1, and three of the cleavage sites in Ad2 DNA were missing in Ad5 DNA. Thus, Ad2(+)ND1 DNA was cleaved into five and Ad5 DNA into three fragments. Each fragment represented a unique segment of viral DNA since each fragment was obtained in equimolar amounts and since the sum of the molecular weights of the fragments equaled the molecular weight of the homologous intact adenovirus DNA.     

DNA of Epstein-Barr virus. IV. Linkage map of restriction enzyme fragments of the B95-8 and W91 strains of Epstein-Barr Virus.

The arrangement of EcoRI, Hsu I, and Sal I restriction enzyme sites in the DNA of the B95-8 and W91 isolates of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been determined from the size of the single-enzyme-cleaved fragments and from blot hybridizations that identify which fragments cut from the DNA with one enzyme contain nucleotide sequences in common with fragments cut from the DNA with a second enzyme. The DNA of the B95-8 isolate was the prototype for this study. The data indicate that (i) approximately 95 X 10(6) to 100 X 10(6) daltons of EBV (B95-8) DNA is in a consistent and unique sequence arrangement. (ii) Both termini are variable in length. One end of the molecule after Hsu I endonuclease cleavage consists of approximately 3,000 base pairs, with as many as 10 additional 500-base pair segments. The opposite end of the molecule after Sal I endonuclease cleavage consists of approximately 1,500 base pairs, with as many as 10 additional 500-base pair segments. (iii) The opposite ends of the molecule contain homologous sequences. The high degree of homology between the opposite ends of the molecule and the similarity in size of the "additional" 500-base pair segments suggests that there are identical repeating units at both ends of the DNA. The arrangement of restriction endonuclease fragments of the DNA of the W91 isolate of EBV is similar to that of the B95-8 isolate and differs from the latter in the presence of approximately 7 X 10(6) daltons of "extra" DNA at a single site. Thus, the size of almost all EcoRI, Hsu I, and Sal I fragments of EBV (W91) DNA is identical to that of fragments of EBV (B95-8) DNA. A single EcoRI fragment, C, of EBV (W91) DNA is approximately 7 X 10(6) daltons larger than the corresponding EcoRI fragment of EBV (B95-8) DNA. Digestion of EBV (W91) DNA with Hsu I or Sal I restriction endonucleases produces two fragments (Hsu I D1 and D2 or Sal I G2 and G3) which differ in total size by approximately 7 X 10(6) daltons from the fragments of EBV (B95-8) DNA. Furthermore, the EcoRI, Hsu I, and Sal I fragments of EBV (W91) and (B95-8) DNAs, which are of similar molecular weight, have homologous nucleotide sequences. Moreover, the W91 fragments contain only sequences from a single region of the B95-8 genome. Two lines of evidence indicate that the "extra" sequences present in W91 EcoRI fragment C are viral DNA and not cellular. (i) The molecular weight of the "enlarged" EcoRI C fragment of EBV (W91) DNA is identical to that of the EcoRI C fragment of another isolate of EBV (Jijoye), (ii) The HR-1 clone of Jijoye has previously been shown to contain DNA which is not present in the B95-8 strain but is present in the EcoRI C and Hsu I D2 and D1 fragments of EBV (W91) DNA (N. Raab-Traub, R. Pritchett, and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 27:388-398, 1978).     

Transposon and spontaneous deletion mutants of plasmid-borne genes encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain LP6a, isolated from petroleum condensate-contaminated soil, utilizes the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene and 2-methylnaphthalene as sole carbon and energy sources. The isolate also co-metabolically transforms a suite of PAHs and heterocycles including fluorene, biphenyl, acenaphthene, 1-methylnaphthalene, indole, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran, producing a variety of oxidized metabolites. A 63 kb plasmid (pLP6a) carries genes encoding enzymes necessary for the PAH-degrading phenotype of P. fluorescens LP6a. This plasmid hybridizes to the classical naphthalene degradative plasmids NAH7 and pWW60, but has different restriction endonuclease patterns. In contrast, plasmid pLP6a failed to hybridize to plasmids isolated from several phenanthrene-utilizing strains which cannot utilize naphthalene. Plasmid pLP6a exhibits reproducible spontaneous deletions of a 38 kb region containing the degradative genes. Two gene clusters corresponding to the archetypal naphthalene degradation upper and lower pathway operons, separated by a cryptic region of 18 kb, were defined by transposon mutagenesis. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of metabolites accumulated by selected transposon mutants indicates that the degradative enzymes encoded by genes on pLP6a have a broad substrate specificity permitting the oxidation of a suite of polycyclic aromatic and heterocyclic substrates.     

Isolation and characterization of Chinese hamster ribosomal DNA clones

We have examined the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. A partial EcoRI library of genomic CHO DNA was prepared using lambda Charon-4A. We isolated two recombinants containing the region transcribed as 45S pre-rRNA and 13 kb of external spacer flanking 5' and 3' to the transcribed region. These sequences show restriction site homology with the vast majority of the genomic sequences complementary to rRNA. In addition to this form of rDNA, Southern blot analysis of EcoRI-cut CHO genomic DNA reveals numerous minor fragments ranging from 2 to 19 kb which are complementary to 18S rRNA. We isolated one clone which contains the 18S rRNA gene and sequences 5' which appear to contain length heterogeneity within the non-transcribed spacer region. We have nine additional cloned EcoRI fragments in which the homology with 18S rRNA is limited to a 0.9-kb EcoRI-HindIII fragment. This EcoRI-HindIII fragment is present in each of the cloned EcoRI fragments, and is flanked on both sides by apparently nonribosomal sequences which bear little restriction site homology with each other or the major cloned rDNA repeat.     

Cloning and sequencing of a bile acid-inducible operon from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708.

Two bile acid-inducible polypeptides from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 with molecular weights of 27,000 and approximately 45,000 have previously been shown to be encoded by genes residing on a 2.9-kb EcoRI fragment. We now report the cloning and sequencing of three additional overlapping DNA fragments upstream from this EcoRI fragment. Together, these four fragments contain a large segment of a bile acid-inducible operon which encodes the 27,000- and 45,000-Mr (now shown to be 47,500-Mr) polypeptides and open reading frames potentially coding for four additional polypeptides with molecular weights of 59,500, 58,000, 19,500, and 9,000 to 11,500. A bile acid-inducible polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 23,500, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was purified to homogeneity, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence that was obtained matched the sequence deduced from the open reading frame coding for the 19,500-Mr polypeptide. A short DNA segment containing the 3' downstream end of the gene coding for the 47,500-Mr polypeptide was not successfully cloned but was directly sequenced from DNA fragments synthesized by polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA initiation site for the bile acid-inducible operon was shown by primer extension to be immediately upstream from the gene encoding the 58,000-Mr polypeptide. A potential promoter region upstream from the mRNA initiation site displayed significant homology with the promoter regions of previously identified bile acid-inducible genes from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708. We hypothesize that this bile acid-inducible operon codes for most of the enzymes involved in the bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylation pathway in this bacterium.