肿足蕨属植物叶表皮微形态及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜对9种肿足蕨属植物即肿足蕨、光轴肿足蕨、修株肿足蕨、鳞毛肿足蕨、稻城肿足蕨、球腺肿足蕨、山东肿足蕨、福氏肿足蕨、腺毛肿足蕨和2种近缘种林下凸轴蕨及大膜盖蕨叶表皮微形态进行观察。结果表明:9种肿足蕨属植物的叶表皮细胞均为不规则型,垂周壁为深波状;叶上下表皮均有毛;气孔器类型有6种,为极细胞型、腋下细胞型、不等细胞型、不规则四细胞型、不规则细胞型和横列型。不同种间叶表皮微形态特征表现出一定差异,对种的划分有一定的分类学意义。讨论了肿足蕨属植物与蹄盖蕨科、鳞毛蕨科、金星蕨科、林下凸轴蕨及大膜盖蕨的亲缘关系,为肿足蕨属植物的系统学研究提供新的资料。     

膜蕨科植物rbcL基因的适应性进化和共进化分析

膜蕨科植物是薄囊蕨类中种类最多的科,主要分布在潮湿的热带地区,拥有陆生、附生、半附生和攀生等多种生态型。为进一步了解膜蕨科植物辐射式物种分化的分子适应机制,该研究在时间框架下采用位点模型对膜蕨科植物rbc L基因的进化式样进行分析。结果表明:共鉴定出6个氨基酸正选择位点(125I、227L、231A、258F、304S和351L),其中位点304S位于环六上,对维持Rubisco功能有重要作用。此外,还计算了Rubisco大亚基内部氨基酸位点之间的共进化关系,共检测出39组(35个氨基酸)共进化位点,其中位点在α螺旋上的占46%,在β折叠上的占14%。膜蕨科植物rbc L基因这种复杂的进化式样可能与其起源较早有关。鉴于此,基于UCLD分子钟模型对膜蕨科植物的分化时间进行了估计,结果显示膜蕨科植物首次发生分歧的时间在三叠纪早期,瓶蕨属和膜蕨属的分歧时间分别发生在侏罗纪早期和白垩纪晚期,并且得出陆生生态型是其它生态型进化的基础,推测最近几次最热事件可能对物种分化的形成产生一定的作用。该研究结果对认识膜蕨科植物如何应对被子植物兴起所导致的陆地生态系统改变具重要意义。     

蹄盖蕨科的亚科划分的修订

蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae是蕨类植物中复杂的大科,分子系统学的研究证据表明它是一个自然类群。前人根据染色体的基数,将蹄盖蕨科划分为3个亚科,但没有得到分子证据的支持;本文依据分子系统学的研究结果,再结合形态特征,将该科重新划分为5个亚科：冷蕨亚科、蹄盖蕨亚科、对囊蕨亚科、双盖蕨亚科和轴果蕨亚科。     

10个蕨类植物名称的后选模式指定

在整理保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)的模式标本时,根据《国际植物命名法规》(墨尔本法规)规则9.5,发现陕西铁线蕨(铁线蕨科)、长盖铁线蕨(铁线蕨科)、宿蹄盖蕨(蹄盖蕨科)、无柄短肠蕨(蹄盖蕨科)、济州岛双盖蕨(蹄盖蕨科)、长羽狗脊蕨(乌毛蕨科)、台湾鳞毛蕨(鳞毛蕨科)、长圆膜蕨(膜蕨科)、峨眉红腺蕨(球盖蕨科)、鹿角石韦(水龙骨科)名称的模式为合模式。遵照规则8.1、9.11和9.12,以及辅则9A.2和9A.3的精神,对这10个名称做出后选模式指定,以规范这些名称的模式。     

中国的骨碎补科

本文讨论了骨碎补科属的划分问题,承认了骨碎补属、钻毛蕨属、雨蕨属和大膜盖蕨属。小膜盖蕨属和阴石蕨属的种类被并入到了骨碎补属。中国计有骨碎补科植物3属14种,其中骨碎补属12种,雨蕨属1种,大膜盖蕨属1种。     

叉蕨科4属5种植物配子体的发育模式及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨科（Aspidiaceae）4属5种植物,即肋毛蕨属（Ctenitis（C．Chr．）C．Chr．）的亮鳞肋毛蕨（C．subglandulosa（Hance）Ching）和海南肋毛蕨（C．decurrenti-pmnata（Ching）Ching）、轴脉蕨属（Ctenitopsis Ching ex Tard-Blot et C．Chr．）的轴脉蕨（C．sagenioides（Mett．）Ching）、黄腺羽蕨属（Pleocnemia Presl）的黄腺羽蕨（P．winitti Holtt．）以及叉蕨属（Tectaria Cav．）的剑叶叉蕨（T.leptophylla（C．H．Wright）Ching）的配子体发育过程,记录了配子体各发育阶段的模式特征,认为这5种植物的孢子、丝状体、片状体、生长点、翼片、细胞、毛状体和假根等具有稳定的系统学意义。检索结果与该科的经典分类结果基本相似,并在此基础上编写了各分类群的检索表。本研究为叉蕨科系统学研究积累了详实的配子体形态学资料。     

叉蕨科4属5种植物配子体的发育模式及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨科(Aspidiaceae)4属5种植物, 即肋毛蕨属(Ctenitis (C. Chr.)C. Chr.)的亮鳞肋毛蕨 (C. subglandulosa (Hance)Ching)和海南肋毛蕨(C. decurrenti-pinnata (Ching)Ching)、轴脉蕨属(Ctenitopsis Ching ex Tard.-Blot et C. Chr.)的轴脉蕨(C. sagenioides (Mett.)Ching)、黄腺羽蕨属(Pleocnemia Presl )的黄腺羽蕨(P. winitti Holtt.)以及叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的剑叶叉蕨(T. leptophylla (C. H. Wright)Ching)的配子体发育过程, 记录了配子体各发育阶段的模式特征, 认为这5种植物的孢子、丝状体、片状体、生长点、翼片、细胞、毛状体和假根等具有稳定的系统学意义。检索结果与该科的经典分类结果基本相似, 并在此基础上编写了各分类群的检索表。本研究为叉蕨科系统学研究积累了详实的配子体形态学资料。     

论拟贯众属的系统位置

综合形态学、叶表皮解剖学、孢粉学、分子系统学及生物地理学的证据,认为拟贯众属被置于鳞毛蕨科的处理是错误的。多方面证据支持这个属与叉蕨科的一些属有着较近的亲缘关系,我们建议将拟贯众属从鳞毛蕨科中移出而暂时置于叉蕨科内。     

膜叶铁角蕨属的形态系统学研究

膜叶铁角蕨属隶属于铁角蕨科,全世界约有30种,我国分布有18种,是该属植物的分布中心之一。到目前为止,膜叶铁角蕨属的物种数目和物种分类还存在很大争议,一些物种的界限和定义还模糊不清,为了得到一个自然的膜叶铁角蕨属分类系统,还需要对膜叶铁角蕨属的物种分类做进一步研究。该文在前人研究的基础上,对膜叶铁角蕨属10种植物的形态特征,包括孢子形态特征、叶柄和根状茎上的鳞片形态特征、叶片形态、羽片形状以及叶脉特征等进行详细观察分析,探讨了各个形态特征间的关系以及膜叶铁角蕨属植物的物种分类。结果表明:膜叶铁角蕨属植物的叶片及羽片等形态特征存在很大区别,叶柄和根状茎上的鳞片以及孢子形态的种间差异虽然不大,但其在大小、形状、颜色等方面的细微差别仍可作为部分种类的鉴定依据。该研究结果为膜叶铁角蕨属植物的物种分类及进一步研究提供了重要依据。     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅲ.凤尾蕨科

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产凤尾蕨科及其近缘科蕨科、姬蕨科和碗蕨科5属9种植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究,详细描述了9种植物孢子的形态及表面纹饰特征.井栏边草、刺齿凤尾蕨、隆林凤尾蕨、剑叶凤尾蕨、林下凤尾蕨、蕨和碗蕨植物的孢子为三裂缝,辐射对称;极面观为钝三角形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;栗蕨和姬蕨植物孢子为...     

Systematic relationships within the genus Trichomanes sensu lato (Hymenophyllaceae, Filicopsida): cladistic analysis based on anatomical and morphological data

Systematics within the genus Trichomanes sensu lato (Hymenophyllaceae, Filicopsida) have continued to be controversial because of the difficulty in identifying homologies and informative characters within high morphological diversity. Systematic relationships are investigated in this study by using a cladistic approach with 31 anatomical and morphological characters from 20 taxa which correspond to the sections defined by Morton. The results broadly confirm Morton's four subgenera: Trichomanes, Didymoglossum, Pachychaetum and Achomanes. The monophyly of Pachychaetum remains fragile and the section Lacostea appears to be excluded from its traditional subgenus (Achomanes). In addition, by producing two major 'ecological' clades (terrestrial and epiphytic), the analysis shows that several selected characters appear to be strongly linked with the ecology which may have a significant influence on the topology.     

A filmy fern from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina (USA)

Modern cladistic analyses support earlier suggestions that the Hymenophyllaceae (the "filmy ferns") are basal filicaleans. However, the fossil record of the family is ambiguous. A new fossil fern, Hopetedia praetermissa gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation of North Carolina (USA), is described and interpreted as the oldest unequivocal representative of the Hymenophyllaceae based primarily on general frond morphology, indirect evidence for a filmy (membranaceous) habit, and soral position and morphology. Particularly compelling as evidence for the hymenophyllaceous affinity of H. praetermissa is the funneliform structure of the indusium (involucre), which is similar to that found primarilly in the extant Trichomanes (sensu lato) clade. However, the receptacle in H. praetermissa is relatively short and, thus, more like most representatives of the Hymenophyllum (sensu lato) clade. The Triassic age of this fossil is consistent with the basal or near basal position of the Hymenophyllaceae in all recent phylogenetic analyses of the filicalean ferns. Hopetedia preatermissa is evaluated in relationship to several previous reports of fossil Hymenophyllaceae.     

Studies in the systematics of filmy ferns

The involucres in the Hymenophyllaceae were studied morphologically. Comparisons were made among the various forms of mature involucres found in species throughout the family. Histological and organogenetic observations were made on three forms of involucres exhibited by the bivalvate involucres inHymenophyllum polyanthos andH. badium, the obconic involucres with bilabiate mouths inTrichomanes tosae, and the typically tubular involucres inT. orientale. The involucres of the Hymenophyllaceae consist of two parts, i.e. the basal cup-shaped portion and unistratose indusial flaps. These observations led to the conclusion that there are not two distinct types of involucres supporting a bigeneric system of classification. The sori of the Hymenophyllaceae are morphologically similar to those of the Dicksoniaceae except for the unistratose construction of the indusial flaps.     

Effects of forest successional status on microenvironmental conditions,diversity, and distribution of filmy fern species in a temperate rainforest

The vertical distribution of Hymenophyllaceae species has been related to microenvironmental variations around host trees. We addressed the questions: Do the vertical microenvironmental conditions within forest stands of differing successional statuses vary significantly? Does the diversity of Hymenophyllaceae species differ between forest successional statuses? Are the vertical distribution and diversity of Hymenophyllaceae species related more to humidity or light availability? Are there any interspecific differences in the desiccation tolerance of these species which can be related to their vertical distribution? We characterized the microhabitat conditions (vapor pressure deficit [VPD], air relative humidity [RH], and light availability [PAR]) and the vertical distribution of Hymenophyllaceae species in host trees, in both a secondary forest and an old‐growth temperate rainforest in Chile. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation experiments. The stand basal area, tree height, and leaf area index were all significantly greater in the old‐growth forest stands, but VPD, RH, and PAR showed no significant differences between the two forests. Both successional statuses showed the same amount of filmy fern species in terms of both abundance and diversity. In both successional statuses VPD and RH decreased while PAR increased with the height of the hosts. Regardless of the forest's age, abundance and diversity of filmy ferns were greater in microsites of greater humidity and less light availability. Desiccation tolerance differed significantly among Hymenophyllaceae species. The distribution pattern could be better explained by the specific microenvironmental requirements and desiccation tolerance rather than the forest's successional status.     

Significance of gametophyte form in long-distance colonization by tropical, epiphytic ferns

Gametophyte morphology of tropical epiphytic ferns may confer an advantage for establishment on islands. Most tropical, epiphytic ferns belong to five families: Hymenophyllaceae, Grammitidaceae, Vittariaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Elaphoglossaceae. Gametophytes of these families are long-lived and clone-forming. In addition, most Hymenophyllaceae, Grammitidaceae, and Vittariaceae produce dispersible gemmae. Each of these characteristics increases opportunity for outbreeding, and when island floras are statistically compared with floras of adjacent mainlands, island floras are found to be rich in epiphytic species possessing gemmae (Hymenophyllaceae, Grammitidaceae, and Vittariaceae), and depauperate in epiphytic species lacking gemmae (Polypodiaceae and Elaphoglossaceae). We propose that gametophytic gemmae significantly aid long-distance colonization of outbreeding species because gemmae 1) allow gametophytes to exploit available niches through dispersal of gemmae, and through clonal expansion and persistence of the resulting gametophyte, and 2) facilitate sexual reproduction by providing the opportunity for sperm and antheridiogen transfer when gametophytes are distant, and by providing a new source of tissue for antheridia formation.     

Plate 490. Hymenophyllum tunbrigense Hymenophyllaceae

The taxonomic history, distribution and ecology of Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. (Hymenophyllaceae) are discussed with special reference to the sandrocks in south‐east England, and the species is illustrated.     

广州蕨类植物增补

报道了广州蕨类植物新记录种38种,隶属于18科25属。其中莲座蕨科（Angiopteridaceae),膜蕨科,裸子蕨科（Gymnogrammaceae)等3科为广州新记录科,莲座蕨属（Angiopteris)。团扇蕨属（Gonocormus)。粉叶蕨属（Pityrogramme),假蹄盖蕨属（Athyriopsis)。针毛蕨属（Macrothelypteris)。狗脊属（Woodwardia),黑桫椤属（Gymnosphaera)。沙皮蕨属（Hemigramma)。线蕨属（Colysis)等9属为新记录属。     

Hymenophyllum filmenofilicum (Hymenophyllaceae, Pteridophyta): a new epipetric filmy fern from Paraná, southern Brazil

Summary  Field work in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, has resulted in the discovery of a new epipetric filmy fern, Hymenophyllum filmenofilicum Christenh. & Schwartsb. (Hymenophyllaceae), which is described and illustrated here.     

浙江省蕨类植物新记录

报道浙江省蕨类植物新记录种4个,即膜蕨科的毛蕗蕨Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall. ex Hook.、墨兰瓶蕨Vandenboschia cystoseiroides (Christ) Ching和管苞瓶蕨Vandenboschia kalamocarpa (Hayata) Ebihara,以及鳞毛蕨科的二型肋毛蕨Ctenitis dingnanensis Ching。凭证标本存放于浙江省景宁县林业局标本馆。