玉米细胞质雄性不育新类型Bao I、Bao II 的发现

经过１０代自交选择,从１５７细胞质雄性不育基因源中育成了ＢａｏⅠ、ＢａｏⅡ细胞质雄性不育系。应用３５个自交系作测交试验,用小斑菌Ｏ、Ｃ、Ｔ生理小种做人工接种试验,初步确定这二个新类型的属组。ＢａｏⅠ型可能属Ｓ型、而ＢａｏⅡ型则为其它组。     

玉米细胞质雄性不育新类型BaoI、BaoII的发现

经过１０ 代自交选择,从１５７ 细胞质雄性不育基因源中育成了Ｂａｏ Ｉ、Ｂａｏ ＩＩ细胞质雄性不育系。应用３５ 个自交系作测交试验,用小斑菌Ｏ、Ｃ、Ｔ 生理小种做人工接种试验,初步确定这二个新类型的属组。Ｂａｏ Ｉ型可能属Ｓ组,而Ｂａｏ ＩＩ型则为其它组。     

与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm6紧密连锁的分子标记筛选

以Ｐｒｉｎｓ＊ＰＩ１７０９１４／７＊ＰｉｎｓＦ２分离群体对在Ｐｒｉｎｓ与其Ｐｍ６近等基因系ＰＩ１７０９１４／７＊Ｐｒｉｎｓ之间呈现多态性的ＲＦＬＰ标记进行遗传和图,发现８个多态性标中有３个与转称到普通小麦２Ｂ染色体长臂上的来源于。     

普通小麦三种细胞质雄性不育系线粒体DNA的比较研究

对细胞质分别来源于粘果山羊草（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）、偏凸山羊草（Ａｅ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓａ）、提莫菲维（Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｐｈｅｅｖｉ）的３种普通小麦雄性不育系,其相应保持系和共有的一种恢复系的ｍｔＤＮＡ进行了ＲＦＬＰ比较分析。发现Ｋ型和Ｖ型不育系的ｍｔＤＮＡ在组织结构上不同于Ｔ型,说明Ｋ、Ｖ型不育系是有别于Ｔ型的两种新不育类型。Ｋ型、Ｖ型不育系的ｍｔＤＮＡ与保持系和恢复系显著不同,推测ｍｔＤＮＡ与小麦细胞质雄性不育性有关。实验同时发现Ｔ型不育系与其保持系的ｍｔＤＮＡ非常相似,对这种相似性的原因进行了讨论。     

空间环境诱发玉米细胞质雄性不育突变体的遗传分析

从返回式卫星"实践八号"搭载的08-641和18-599两份玉米自交系后代选育出3份雄性不育突变体,在不同地点、不同年份、不同季节进行种植观察,鉴定其育性表现,通过测交、反交及回交对不育性状的遗传特性进行分析。结果表明:3份不育突变材料均能稳定遗传,属可遗传的细胞质雄性不育类型。恢保关系测定和特异引物PCR扩增结果显示,3份不育材料均属玉米C型细胞质雄性不育类型,但3份不育材料在恢保关系上存在一定差异,推测它们可能分别属于玉米C型细胞质雄性不育的不同亚组。这些不育材料的发现,丰富了雄性不育胞质的遗传基础,在玉米不育化制种中具有一定应用价值。     

小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系与可育系叶片蛋白质双向电泳分析

利用育性恢复基因(Rf3)的近等基因系1031-1、S-165和1031-1与S-165之间的正交与反交,创建了四个实验品系(1031-1、S-165、不育品系、反交品系);采用改进的蛋白质聚丙烯酰胺凝胶双向电泳技术,从发育遗传学的角度,对小麦T型细胞质雄性不育和可育株旗叶表达的相关蛋白产物进行差异分析。通过对旗叶蛋白的双向电泳分析,发现4个品系有相近的蛋白质双向电泳图谱。没有相应穗中差异蛋白质的出现。从蛋白质水平上证实了不育基因与恢复基因表达具有器官特异性特征。     

小麦细胞质雄性不育研究的回顾

小麦细胞质雄性不育研究的回顾王建革（农科院玉米所）李集临,薛玺（哈尔滨师大）１９５１年Ｋｉｈａｒａ［２６］通过连续回交的方法把普通小麦的核导人尾状山羊草（Ａｅ．ｃａｕｄａｔａ）的细胞质中得到了雄性不育类型。这样Ｋｉｈａｒａ一方面发现了创造雄性不育的方法,另一方面也开创了小麦雄性不育研究的新领域。继Ｋｉｈａｒａ之后,日本、美国、保加利亚的一些学者陆续开展了小麦雄性不育的研究。     

运用近等基因系（NIL）、AFLP、RFLP和SCAR标记对玉米S组育性恢复基因（Rf3）的研究

以1对近等基因系（NIL）及其回交群体（BC     

RFLP markers to identify the alleles on the Mla locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in barley

Summary To identify the mildew resistance locus Mla in barley with molecular markers, closely linked genomic RFLP clones were selected with the help of near-isogenic lines having the Pallas and Siri background. Out of 22 polymorphic clones 3 were located around the Mla locus on chromosome 5 with a distance of 5.1 + 2.9 cM (MWG 1H068), 4.2±1.7 cM (MWG 1H060) and 0.7 ± 0.7 cM (MWG 1H036), respectively. The polymorphic clone MWG 1H036 displayed the same RFLP pattern in both Pallas and Siri near-isogenic lines and in different varieties digested with six restriction enzymes possessing the same mildew resistance gene. The alleles of the Mla locus were grouped in 11 classes according to their specific RFLP patterns; 3 of these groups contain the majority of Mla alleles already used in barley breeding programs in Europe.     

与小麦白粉病抗性基因Pm2紧密连锁RAPD标记的筛选研究

以２５６个随机引物对含小麦抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ２近等基因系进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,发现１７个随机引物的扩增产物在抗、感ＮＩＬｓ材料间表现多态性,且其中５个引物经４次以上重复,均获相同结果,其多态性标记分别为ＯＰＭ０８(１６００)、ＯＰＩ０４(１７００)、ＯＰＨ１９(１１００、ＯＰＥ０９(９００)及ＯＰＭ１６(８５０)。当以这５个随机引物对１４个已知含Ｐｍ２基因的抗病材料及９个不含Ｐｍ２基因的感病材料进行检测时,只有标记ＯＰＩ０４(１７００)在１２个抗病材料中出现（另两个抗病材料中未检测到）,而在９个感病材料中均未出现。进一步用 ＯＰI(０４)对１０２株（Ｃｈａｎｃｅｌｌｏｒｘ Ｕｋａ／８＊Ｃｃ）Ｆ２分离群体进行分析,估算出标记ＯＰＩ０４(１７００)与Ｐｍ２基因间的遗传距离为１２．２±３．３ｃＭ。     

Use of RFLP markers for the identification of alleles of the Pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to genes for resistance to powdery mildew (Pm) in wheat using a series of Chancellor near-isogenic-lines (NILs), each having one powdery mildew resistance gene. A total of 210 probes were screened for their ability to detect polymorphism between the NILs and the recurrent parent. One of these restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (Xwhs179) revealed polymorphism not only between the NILs for the Pm3 locus, but also among NILs possessing different alleles of the Pm3 locus. The location of the marker Xwhs179 was confirmed to be on homoeologous chromosome group 1 with the help of nullitetrasomic wheat lines. The linkage relationship between this probe and the Pm3 locus was estimated with double haploid lines derived from a cross between wheat cvs Club and Chul (Pm3b). The genetic distance was determined to be 3.3±1.9 cM.     

利用RFLP分子标记确定导入小麦的鹅观草(R. kamoji)染色体的部分同源群归属

选用来自小麦族7个部分同源群的26个DNA探针对45个小麦-鹅观草衍生后代株系及鹅观草、中国春和扬麦5号亲本进行RFLP分析,结果表明16个小麦-鹅观草异附加系、异代换系或可能的易位系中所涉及鹅观草染色体分别属于第1、3、5、6、7部分同源群。小麦-鹅观草异染色体系中导入的成对鹅观草染色体能够较稳定地遗传给后代。K139、K141、K214、K218、K219、K224二体附加系所添加的鹅观草染色体属第1部分同源群,但K214和K218所添加的鹅观草染色体与K219、K224的添加的鹅观草染色体分别来自鹅观草不同的染色体组。K147端体添加系涉及鹅观草第1部分同源群染色体长臂,而K139、K141和K147所涉及的鹅观草染色体长臂分别来自鹅观草3个不同的染色体组。鹅观草U染色体与小麦第1部分同源群有同源关系,属第1部分同源群的鹅观草染色体尤其是其长臂与赤霉病抗性有关。鹅观草第1部分同源群与第6部分同源群染色体之间可能涉及重排。K203添加的2条鹅观草染色体分别与第1和6部分同源群同源。K166导入鹅观草染色体涉及第5部分同源群短臂。K177（2n=41,20Ⅱ I）中,所渗入的鹅观草染色质涉及第5（5L）、6（6S）、7（SL）部分同源群。鹅观草S、H和Y3个染色体组间具部分同源性。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21的分子鉴定和标记辅助选择

利用小麦抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ２１的ＲＡＰＤ标记、ＳＣＡＲ标记和荧光源位杂交技术对小麦抗病育种材料中的抗白粉病Ｐｍ２１基因进行了分子鉴定和标记辅助选择。     

Identification and physical mapping of three Haynaldia villosa chromosome-6V deletion lines

Three deletion lines (del6V?2S-1, del6V? 2L-1, and del6V?2L-2) of Haynaldia villosa chromosome 6V added to wheat were identified by C-banding and characterized by RFLP analyses. The breakpoints were located at fraction lengths (FL) 0.58 in del6V?2S-1 in the short arm, and FL 0.66 in del6V?2L-1 and FL 0.64 in del6V?2L-2 in the long arm. Thirty-one Triticeae homoeologous group-6 DNA probes were used to map RFLP loci in the deletion lines and the wheat-H. villosa disomic substitution (DS) line 6V?2(6A). Nine probes failed to detect polymorphism between Chinese Spring and DS6V?2(6A). Ten of sixteen polymorphic short-arm loci were not detected in del6V?2S-1. Thus, the loci are located in the deleted distal chromosome region. Six RFLP markers were mapped in the proximal 58% of 6VS. Of 20 DNA markers specific for 6VL, six mapped in the distal 36% of the long arm, and nine mapped in the proximal 64% of 6VL. The breakpoint of the short arm of 6V?2 occurs between Xpsr106 and Xcdo270, and that of the long arm between Xpsr915 and Xmwg934. The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6V?2. Pm21 is present in del6V?2S-1, and can be further mapped in the proximal 58% of 6V?2S.     

近交系NJS小鼠的育种及其特性研究

近交系NJS小鼠是通过连续全同胞交配和在固定的普通日粮下以70日龄血清胆固醇含量为选育指标定向选育而成,经多项遗传监测证实已符合近交系动物的纯度要求,并具有独特的遗传概貌和特性。近交20世代后,该品系血清胆固醇含量为5.65±0.83mmol/L, 已超过小鼠的正常值范围,显示该品系小鼠已呈自发性高胆固醇血症状态。该品系8-10月龄动脉硬化在好发部位,如主动脉窦、升主动脉的阳性检出率为100%,主要是处于脂斑和脂纹期的病变。该品系可作为自发性高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化症的模型动物。 Abstract:Inbred NJS mouse strain was bred by using continuous brother-sister mating and directive breeding on the common diet with serum cholesterol at 70 days as breeding index,Acording to various genetic monitoring,the strain has been bred as a standard inbred strain of mice in genetic homogeneity,with particular genetic system and specific property.After 20th generation,serum cholesterol of the strain was 5.65±0.83 mmol/L.This value went outside the normal range in mice showing that the strain was in a situation of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia.Its incidence of atheroscerosis was 100% in some liable positions such as aortic sac and ascending aorta at 8~10 months.Most of the pathological changes were in fatty streaks.The strain may be used as a animal model of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.