球毛壳菌（Chaetomium globosum）过氧化物膜蛋白过敏原基因克隆、序列分析及原核表达

以球毛壳菌cDNA文库中获得过氧化物膜蛋白（pero）基因片段（GenBank Accn:BP099709）为基础,用RACE 技术获得该基因的全长cDNA序列。序列长747bp,由412bp的3′RACE产物和508bp的5′RACE产物拼接而成。开放阅读框501bp,编码166个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为17.5kD,理论等电点为5.75。利用cDNA两侧非编码区序列作引物克隆出该基因的DNA序列,序列分析表明该基因由2个内含子和3个外显子组成。ClustalX多序列比对表明：该基因与粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）的过氧化物膜蛋白过敏原同源性最高（83%）。将pero基因编码区克隆到原核表达载体pET28a中,构建成表达质粒pET28a-pero并转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导后SDS-PAGE检测表达情况,结果发现在21kD处有一特异性融合蛋白带,大小与预期相符,说明该基因已经在大肠杆菌中表达。克隆的cDNA序列、DNA序列及推测的氨基酸序列在GenBank登录(登录号分别为AY555771,AY584753,AAS66898)。     

人天然免疫基因BCL10的猪同源物的识别、克隆与初步表达分析

采用电子克隆方法克隆到大小为925 bp的人天然免疫蛋白BCL10的猪同源基因完整cDNA序列(GenBank登录号：EU088132), 并利用RT-PCR方法从猪的全血中扩增出包含702 bp的完整开放读码框架(ORF)的cDNA片段。经核酸测序, 证明与电子克隆结果相符。利用NCBI BLAST分析该cDNA包含3个大小为57 bp、289 bp和356 bp的外显子, 并且定位于猪的4号染色体上。采用半定量PCR技术检测基础水平猪各组织BCL10基因mRNA表达丰度, 并将该基因构建到带有绿色标签的真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中, 采用脂质体转染法将该基因转入PK-15细胞, 通过绿色荧光标记和RT-PCR方法检测实验组的BCL10蛋白表达。研究结果表明, BCL10基因mRNA在脾脏中表达最高; 胸腺、大脑和淋巴结表达次之, 而肝脏只有微量表达, 肾脏没有检测到表达; 同时BCL10基因在PK-15细胞中得到了有效表达。     

小鼠Klf4基因的克隆及原核表达分析

目的克隆Klf4基因并对其重组蛋白进行原核表达及分析。方法提取胎鼠皮肤mRNA后反转录为cDNA序列,用一对两端引入特定酶切位点引物,从该cDNA中扩增出Klf4基因编码区序列,将其克隆到pEasy-T3载体上。对质粒双酶切并回收其中Klf4基因片段后,克隆入pET-52b（＋）载体后转化Origmai B（DE3）型大肠杆菌,用IPTG诱导表达,最后采用SDS-PAGE对重组蛋白进行鉴定及分析。结果对所克隆的Klf4mRNA蛋白编码区的DNA序列分析表明,klf4CDS区包括终止密码子在内为1452 bp,与参照序列对比仅有四处存在差异,不仅其同源性达到99.72%,且其氨基酸序列同源性为100%;在IPTG诱导下pET-52b（＋）-Klf4重组质粒可表达与预期相符的约为57×103的蛋白质;经IPTG刺激后重组蛋白表达明显上调,其中IPTG为0.4 mol/L时效果最佳。结论从胎鼠皮肤中克隆的Klf4基因可在原核中表达。     

巴西橡胶树的脂酰辅酶A还原酶cDNA克隆及其序列分析

从巴西橡胶树差减cDNA文库中筛选到一个与脂酰辅酶A还原酶同源性较高的基因片段,根据该基因片段序列信息,设计特异引物,采用RACE进行差异片段的5’和3’端的扩增,获得长度为1365bp的cDNA克隆R28（GenBank登陆号：AY461413）。序列分析表明,该基因包含1149bp的开放阅读框,5＇-UTR为96bp,3＇-UTR为128bp,编码382个氨基酸,推测其蛋白质的分子量为43．5kDa,等电点为8．97,有一个跨膜螺旋N（187至215位氨基酸）和1个由17个氨基酸组成的信号肽（1至17位氨基酸）。R28含有脂酰辅酶A还原酶的保守（NADP结合蛋白保守区）,推测该基因是一个脂酰辅酶A还原酶基因。     

蒙古冰草磷脂酶D基因cDNA 3'端的克隆及分析

目的：采用3’RACE方法对蒙古冰草磷脂酶D（PLD）基因3’端全序列进行了快速扩增和序列分析,为得到全序列及研究该基因的功能奠定基础。方法：实验以蒙古冰草幼叶为材料,利用RT-PCR技术得到PLD基因的部分cDNA序列,根据此序列设计一条特异性上游引物,反转录引物中的部分序列即M13PrimerM4作为下游引物,按3’RACE试剂盒（TaKaRa）操作流程进行PLD基因3’末端的快速扩增,成功获得993bp的3’RACE反应产物,采用DNAStar软件对扩增的PLD基因的3’RACE产物和中间片段进行拼接,最终获得2113bp的PLD基因3’端cDNA序列。结果：通过BLAST技术,发现该片段与许多植物磷脂酶D基因的同源性为47.0%～80.0%。结论：通过同源性比较,成功克隆了PLD基因cDNA3’端序列。     

大鼠肝脏脂酶基因的PCR扩增、序列分析和克隆

报导了应用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术,扩增大鼠肝脏脂酶基因及其克隆和序列分析的结果．经31个循环的扩增,得到大鼠肝脏脂酶及其N端结构域的cDNA,前者为1508bp的片段,后者为1076bp的片段．克隆后,对此二片段进行了限制性内切酶物理图谱分析,测定了DNA序列,并已将它们克隆到表达载体pGT－d中．     

拟南芥生长素受体基因TIR1启动子的初步分析

以野生型拟南芥（Arabidopsis Columbia）基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到拟南芥生长素受体基因T1R1启动子的5个不同长度的系列缺失片段,将这些片断分别克隆到PGM—T载体上。序列分析表明,该启动子系列缺失片段的大小分别为2008bp、1524bp、939bp、532bp和321bp。与已报道的序列完全相同。将不同长度的启动子克隆片断分别与GUS基因融合,构建成表达载体后,在烟草叶片中作遗传转化。分析结果显示：不同长度的启动子片段已整合到烟草基因组中并有GUS酶活性存在,且不同长度启动子片段的表达活性有较明显差异。     

中国家蚕抗菌肽基因CBM1全长cDNA序列测定及其基因结构分析

用大肠杆菌感染中国家蚕（Bombyx mori）蛹,从中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法获得蚕抗菌肽基因CBM1 cDNA部分片段并克隆测序,以此蚕抗菌肽基因CBM1的部分片段,设计特异性引物,用3’、5’RACE的方法,获得蚕抗菌肽基因CBM1 cDNA的全长序列;用PCR的方法,从中国家蚕蛹基因组DNA获得抗菌肽CBM1基因的700bp、1100bp左右的2个片段,初步证实中国家蚕抗菌肽基因在单倍体染色体中至少存在2个拷贝。     

Annexin Ⅱ基因克隆及真核表达载体的构建

目的克隆人AnnexinⅡ全长cDNA序列,并构建其真核表达载体。方法根据Genbank中AnnexinⅡ基因的碱基序列,利用RT-PCR的方法从人肾脏组织中扩增编码AnnexinⅡ基因,将目的片段与pBS-T载体连接,利用亚克隆的方法将AnnexinⅡ的cDNA片段克隆到pcDNA3.1载体中,并进行序列测定。结果DNA测序证实该片段序列与Genbank完全一致。结论成功克隆人Annexin II全长cDNA序列,并构建出pcDNA3.1—Annexin II真核表达载体,为进一步研究其在肾脏疾病中的作用和机制奠定基础。     

小麦尿卟啉原Ⅲ合成酶基因克隆及序列分析

根据水稻已公布的尿卟啉原Ⅲ合成酶(UROS)基因和小麦EST的保守序列,设计特异性引物对小麦尿卟啉原Ⅲ合成酶基因的部分片段进行克隆,得到了364 bp的cDNA(命名为UROS1)。以UROS1作为种子进行电子克隆,得到一段长为1210 bp的cDNA序列,并设计特异性引物克隆到1个1077 bp cDNA序列。对该片段分析结果表明,克隆得到的小麦UROS基因包含了信号肽区和全长的成熟肽区。小麦UROS基因与水稻UROS基因的同源性为86%左右,其推导氨基酸序列与水稻和拟南芥蛋白序列同源性分别约91%和79%。动物、植物以及微生物间核酸序列的保守性较低,氨基酸序列保守性也不高,但都存在UROS保守结构域(Hem D)。进化分析显示,该酶在不同物种间的进化速度差异较大。     

Organization of delta-crystallin genes in the chicken.

Double-stranded DNA was synthesized from delta-crystallin mRNA prepared from lens fibers of 15-day-old chick embryos and cloned at the Pst I site of the plasmid pBR322. Using the cloned cDNA and single-stranded cDNA as hybridization probes, a number of genomic DNA fragments containing delta-crystallin gene sequences have been cloned from the partial and complete EcoRI digests of chick brain DNA. One of the clones from the partial digests contains a DNA fragment that consists of four EcoRI fragments of 7.6 kb, 4.0 kb, 2.6 kb, and 0.8 kb. The gene sequences reside in the (5')7.6 kb - 0.8 kb - 4.0 kb (3') fragments. Electron microscopy has provided evidence that the cloned DNA fragment includes the entire gene sequences complementary to delta-crystallin mRNA except for the 3' terminal poly(A) tail, and that the delta-crystallin gene is interrupted by at least 13 intervening sequences. Another clone contains a genomic fragment that consists of two EcoRI fragments of 3.0 kb and 11 kb. The DNA fragment in the latter clone represents a different delta-crystallin gene, as judged by restriction endonuclease mapping and by electron microscopy.     

家兔BMP7基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析

在对已知部分编码序列(CDS)进行分析的基础上, 采用RT-PCR分步扩增以及RACE方法, 对家兔BMP7基因3′和5′末端未知序列进行了克隆与生物信息学分析。测序结果综合分析表明, 所获序列共计1 654 bp, 包括家兔BMP7近全长前肽、全长成熟肽CDS及3′非翻译序列(3′UTR), 将已有的序列向5′和3′端分别延伸了395 bp和628 bp。序列对比表明, 克隆的家兔BMP7 CDS部分与人、小鼠的对应序列的同源性分别为91.89%和89.32%, 预测的氨基酸序列同源性分别为96.51%和96.01%。家兔BMP7 3′UTR长446 bp, 与人、小鼠对应序列同源性分别为57.38%和45.57%; 具有2个转录终止信号位点。推测家兔BMP7成熟蛋白有BMPs特有的7个位置固定的半胱氨酸残基和TGF-β家族指纹。家兔BMP7 3′UTR区转录终止信号的可选择性可能与基因转录后调控有关。     

棉蚜2个乙酰胆碱酯酶cDNA片段的基因克隆与序列分析

采用RT－PCR技术,利用简并引物从棉蚜（Aphis gossypii Glover)中克隆出2个乙酰胆碱酯酶基因的cDNA片段,Ag,ace 1l和Ag.ace2.Ag.ace1基因的cDNA片段为282bp,编码94个氨基酸;Ag.ace2基因的cDNA片段为264bp,编码88个氨基酸。扩增获得的2个乙酰胆碱酯酶基因cDNA片段所编码的氨基酸序列均与其他昆虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶基因有很高的同源性。首次从一种昆虫中克隆出2个乙酰胆碱酯酶基因片段,为同一种昆虫中存在多个乙酰胆碱酯酶基因的假设提供了直接的分子生物学证据。     

人SDCT2基因的两种不同转录产物选择性转录机理分析

为了克隆人高亲和力钠离子依赖性二羧酸转运蛋白 (highaffinitysodium dependentdicarboxylatetransporter,SDCT2 ,或NaDC3)基因并研究其生理功能 ,用大鼠SDCT2基因序列作为电子杂交探针对人EST数据库进行电子筛选 ,得到了一系列与大鼠SDCT2序列具有高度同源性的人EST序列 ,将它们拼接成 2个基因重叠群 ,设计特异性PCR引物通过RT PCR扩增得到 2条杂交探针用于筛选人肾cDNA文库 .从肾组织中同时克隆出了人SDCT2基因 2种mRNA变异体的全长cDNA(SDCT2α和SDCT2 β) ,两者 5′端前 3435bp序列完全一致 ,但 3′端长度不同 ,SDCT2 β在第 3435bp以后比SDCT2α多出了 5 85bp的序列 .Northern杂交和RT PCR显示 ,SDCT2α在人肾中的表达丰度最高 ,在肝、脾、胎盘、脑及结肠中也有低水平的表达 .而SDCT2 β主要在肾脏中表达 ,在脾也有低水平的表达 .基因组结构分析表明 ,虽然两种mRNAs均由 13个外显子组成 ,但是SDCT2α的第 13外显子含有 1个poly(A)加尾信号AATAAA ,而SDCT2 β的第 13外显子含有 2个poly(A)加尾信号 .这表明在肾脏和脾脏组织中 ,人SDCT2基因可能通过选择性使用位于第 13外显子不同位置的 2个poly(A)信号而转录出 2种不同长度的mRNA变异体 .     

The mink proopiomelanocortin gene: characterization of cDNA and chromosomal localization

A cDNA library from the mink pituitary was screened using as probe a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide, 5'-TTCATGACCTCCGA-3', corresponding to the endorphin region of bovine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cDNA. As a result, several clones containing inserts complementary to POMC mRNA were identified. The sequence of one of the fragments (585 bp, 65% of the total length of mRNA) was determined. A high degree of homology (over 80%) among the primary structures of sequences from mink, man, and bovine cDNA POMC was established. With the cloned mink cDNA fragment as probe, the DNAs from mink-Chinese hamster hybrid clones were studied. The results of segregation analysis of mink POMC sequences and mink chromosomes in the mink-Chinese hamster panel allowed us to assign the POMC gene to mink chromosome 11.     

Sequence organization of two recombinant plasmids containing genes for the major heat shock-induced protein of D. melanogaster.

We have isolated recombinant DNA clones which include cDNA and chromosomal DNA sequences of the major heat shock-inducible gene of Drosophila. With the cDNA fragments used as specific hybridization probes, DNA:DNA reassociation and in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the DNA sequences are repeated approximately 7 times in the haploid Drosophila genome, and that gene sequences are present at both the 87A and 87C loci on the cytological map. The cloned cDNA and homologous cloned chromosomal DNA hybridized to mRNA which translated in vitro into the major 70K heat shock-specific protein. Here we summarize a study of the organization of genes coding for the 70K heat shock-specific protein contained in the two recombinant chromosomal DNA plasmids pG3 and pG5. On the basis of R loop hybridization experiments and restriction enzyme analysis, we conclude that a 14 kb fragment, G3, contains three copies of the gene coding for the 70K protein. A second 9.2 kb fragment, G5, contains one copy of the gene coding for the 70K protein. Hybridization of labeled poly(A)-containing RNA to restriction endonuclease-cleaved DNA indicates that the mRNA coding regions in G3 and G5 are each approximately 2100 bp long. The three tandemly repeated genes of G3 are separated by approximately 1400 bp of spacer DNA. The two internal spacer regions in G3 appear to be identical, whereas differences in restriction enzyme sites indicate that the sequences adjacent to the cluster differ from the internal spacer and from each other.     

Inverse polymerase chain reaction mediated chromosome walking within the human glutamic acid decarboxylase gene

Using inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we have cloned partial intronic sequences from human glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) gene. A small 153 bp core region was selected from the GAD cDNA sequence to design outward primers corresponding to its 3′ and 5′ ends. EcoRI digested human DNA which had been circularized by self-ligation and then linearized withSacII was used as a substrate to can.y out PCR. This gave a 900 bp long product which was cloned into pUC19. The sequence analysis of this fragment revealed the presence of introns in the region flanking the selected core DNA. In this work we used this technique to walk into the upsteam region of the GAD gene using sequence information from its cloned cDNA.     

Analysis of mRNA for class I HLA on human gametogenic cells

We have studied mRNA expression for Class I HLA (human leukocyte antigen) on male germ cells by amplification of gene fragments in PCR techique and by Northern hybridization. RNA was extracted from fractionated gametogenic cells (isolated from testis) and reversely transcribed. Then, cDNA was amplified for specific HLA sequence (1151 bp) representing whole-length coding sequence (HLA, -A, -B, -C). The specificity of this product was confirmed in “nested” PCR of 400 bp gene fragment coding for alpha 2 domain, alpha 3 domain, and the transmembrane portion of Class I HLA. The results indicate minimal expression of classical Class I HLA on gametogenic cells. Northern hybridization with 669 bp cDNA fragment (spanning for alpha 3 domain, transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and 3′ untraslated region) resulted in a low intensity signal from gametogenic cell fractions and confirmed our findings obtained by PCR. The minimal expression of classical HLA antigens may create a neutral cover for the male reproductive system, thereby preventing an immunological response during germ cell differentiation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.