不同产地不同部位壮药大罗伞树定性和定量分析

该研究采用TLC方法,对不同产地大罗伞树进行定性鉴别,并采用HPLC方法对大罗伞树不同产地和不同部位的岩白菜素进行了含量测定。其中,色谱柱为Sino Chrom ODS-BP C18(250 mm×4.6,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(23∶77),流速为1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长为275 nm。结果表明:10批不同产地大罗伞树药材的TLC均可检出岩白菜素斑点;10批不同产地大罗伞树药材中岩白菜素平均含量为1.67%,但产地间含量差异较大,最高含量可达2.58%,最低含量0.95%;大罗伞树不同部位中岩白菜素含量有所差异,地下部分(根及根茎)含量较高,平均值为4.05%,地上部分(茎枝和叶)含量较低,平均值为1.21%。所建立的大罗伞树药材TLC鉴别和岩白菜素含量测定方法操作简便、专属性强、重现性好、结果准确。该研究结果能准确鉴别大罗伞树药材真伪,并测定药材中岩白菜素的含量,为大罗伞树药材质量标准的建立提供了依据,对于控制壮药大罗伞树药材质量具有重要意义。     

HPLC法同时测定黄柏中盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸小檗碱的含量

分离并测定黄柏中盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量.方法:Shim-Pack型C18柱,0.5% w/v SDS-Britton-Robinson缓冲液 pH2.5 -乙腈-三乙胺 0.5∶56∶34∶0.5 为流动相,检测波长:345nm;柱温:40℃;流速1mL·min-1.盐酸药根碱回归方程为Y=38315164.0X-1897.7,r=0.9991 n=6 ,线性范围0.05～0.30μg,平均回收率为95.90%,RSD=3.10%;盐酸巴马汀回归方程为Y=1982872.0X-2471.1,r=0.9998 n=6 ,线性范围0.09～0.54μg,平均回收率100.2%,RSD=2.01%;盐酸小檗碱回归方程为Y=9450164.2X-3456.9,r=0.9999 n=6 ,线性范围0.50～3.00μg,平均回收率103.1%,RSD=1.12%;结果表明:在以上条件下,盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱成分可以完全分离,并测定了黄柏药材含量.本法可用于黄柏药材、饮片、含黄柏中成药的质量控制.     

柱前衍生化HPLC法测定加巴喷丁胶囊中主药的含量

目的:建立柱前衍生化HPLC法测定加巴喷丁胶囊中的主药含量。方法:对加巴喷丁柱前衍生化后进行测定,选择Sinochrom-ODS(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,0.33 mol.L-1乙酸水溶液-甲醇-乙腈(30∶70∶30)为流动相等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长336 nm。结果:加巴喷丁在1.0～12.0 mg.L-1质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,其平均加样回收率为99.4%(n=9),RSD为0.84%;测得样品中加巴喷丁含量为标示量的99.82%。结论:该法便捷可靠,专属性强,可用于加巴喷丁胶囊中主药的含量测定。     

川楝子中香草酸含量测定研究

本实验采用薄层色谱法对川楝子中香草酸、异香草酸进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对川楝子中香草酸进行含量测定。色谱柱:Hypersil BDS C18(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm),柱温:30℃,流动相:甲醇∶水∶冰乙酸=25∶75∶0.5,流速:1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长:260 nm。最终,定性鉴别斑点清晰。结果表明香草酸含量在1.022～16.352μg范围内,进样量与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9998;香草酸的平均回收率为102.45%,RSD=1.22%(n=6)。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定不同品种花椒中芦丁和槲皮素的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC测定花椒中芦丁与槲皮素含量的方法,并对不同种花椒的中芦丁与槲皮素含量进行测定与比较。方法:Zorbax Eclipse C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相∶甲醇-0.4%磷酸(50∶50);流速1 mL/min;检测波长:360 nm;柱温25℃。结果:芦丁在0.25~5.0μg,r=0.999 9峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率为99.1%,RSD为4.3%(n=3)。槲皮素在0.25~0.5μg,r=0.999 9峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率为111.2%,RSD为5.1%(n=3)。结论:该方法可用于花椒中芦丁和槲皮素的测定。测定结果表明,韩城红花椒中芦丁含量最高,茂汉红花椒次之,四川青花椒较少,云南青花椒最低。槲皮素在韩城红花椒中含量较高,在其他三种花椒中差别不大。     

HPLC测定双金花茶中免疫活性分子山奈酚的含量

目的建立HPLC测定双金花茶中免疫活性分子山奈酚含量的方法。方法采用Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:甲醇∶0.1%醋酸水溶液(70∶30);流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长:370 nm;柱温:25℃。结果山奈酚在进样量0.04～0.40μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为100.00%,RSD为0.07%(n=6)。结论 HPLC法简便易行,准确可靠,可用于双金花茶中免疫活性分子山奈酚含量测定。     

RP-HPLC测定红丝线中香豆素的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法,测定红丝线中香豆素的含量。色谱柱为ZORBAXXDB-C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相:V(甲醇)∶V(0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH5.4))=45∶55;流速:1mL/min;检测波长278nm。香豆素的线性范围为2.5~30mg/L(r=0.9998),回收率97.5%~101%。该法简便、准确,重复性好,适用于测定红丝线中香豆素的含量。     

海南黄灯笼椒与不同品种辣椒的辣椒素含量测定

目的:建立HPLC法测定海南黄灯笼椒等辣椒的辣椒素含量。方法:采用Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(体积比70∶30),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为230 nm,柱温:30℃,外标法定量。结果:辣椒素的线性关系良好,线性范围2.0μg/mL～20.0μg/mL,r=0.9990;精密度、稳定性实验的RSD均低于2%;平均回收率100.8%(n=9),RSD=1.87%。对海南黄灯笼椒等7个品种辣椒的辣椒素含量进行测定,海南黄灯笼椒的辣椒素含量最高。结论:该方法简便快捷,可用于辣椒中辣椒素含量的测定;海南黄灯笼椒辣椒素含量最高,这些信息可为海南黄灯笼辣椒的研究开发提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定甜菊糖苷中甜菊醇的含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定甜菊糖苷中甜菊醇的含量。色谱条件:色谱柱为Phenomenex C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(50∶50);流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长213 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。线性范围为1.046μg/mL~52.3μg/mL(r=0.9997),加标平均回收率为96.60%,RSD为0.51%(n=6)。本方法准确度高、精密度高、重复性好、简捷易操作,可以作为甜菊糖苷中甜菊醇含量的测定方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测脂必妥片中洛伐他汀的含量

对脂必妥片样品进行预处理,得到的混合物用薄层色谱、反相高效液相色谱法进行定性、定量分析,建立检测其含量的方法。当色谱条件为色谱柱:Kromasil(C18250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相体积比:乙腈∶水为85∶15,;流速:1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长:420 nm;柱温:30℃;测定结果表明被测峰和其它峰可完全分离,在每毫升10.21~200.03μg内具有良好的线性关系,r=0.9997,测得其中洛伐他汀含量为0.25%,回收率:97.73%,RSD:0.56%。这种方法准确、可靠,可用于含洛伐他汀药品的质量控制。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.     

Identification of the site of glycation of human insulin

This study evaluates the nature of glycated human insulin formed following exposure to hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. Glycated insulin was purified by RP-HPLC and its molecular mass (5971.3 Da) determined by plasma desorption mass spectrometry (MS). The difference in mass (163.7 Da) from nonglycated insulin (5807.6 Da) corresponds to a single reduced glucose (glucitol) residue. Following reduction of insulin disulfide bridges, MS confirmed that the B-chain was glycated. Enzymatic digestions with trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, and thermolysin, followed by RP-HPLC and identification of fragments by MS, localized glycation to the B-chain (1–5) region. Electrospray tandem MS identified the site of glycation as the B-chain NH₂-terminal Phe¹ residue. This was confirmed by automated Edman degradation with glycated human insulin.