pH对菌紫质分子的旋转运动和光电响应的影响

用闪光诱导瞬间二向色性方法测量了不同pH条件下的菌紫质分子在脂质囊泡中的旋转扩散运动.在人工平扳膜(BLM)系统中测量了不同pH条件下菌紫质分子的光电响应.在pH3至8.3的范围内没有明显观察到菌紫质分子在膜中旋转运动上的差别.pH低于3时,菌紫质分子旋转运动受到影响;pH高于11时,观察不到旋转扩散运动.在BLM系统中测量了pH2到pH11范围内菌紫质分子的光电响应信号,随着pH的增加,无论紫膜碎片还是单体菌紫质分子的光电响应逐渐由照光后快速正信号并快速衰减及撤光时的快速负信号并逐渐衰减变成慢的正信号.pH高于9.4时,单体菌紫质分子的光电响应信号由正变负,pH高于11时,观察不到信号.     

罗氏沼虾中副溶血弧菌群体感应的检测

利用3种不同的哈维氏弧菌报告菌株V.harveyi JMH612、V.harveyi JMH597和V.harveyi JAF375检测了罗氏沼虾体内分离的副溶血弧菌VIB461和VIB800的群体感应信号分子,同时用PCR扩增了两株菌调控AI-2型信号分子分泌的LuxS基因。结果表明,两株菌均能产生3种类型的信号分子:HAI-1、AI-2和CAI-1。3种信号分子的活性均具有生长阶段依赖性,在对数生长初期出现并在对数生长后期或稳定期前期达到最高水平,然后随着培养时间的延长呈现一定的下降。两株副溶血弧菌的PCR扩增片段的测序结果与已上传的副溶血弧菌的LuxS基因序列的相似度均在95%以上,说明两株副溶血弧菌都含有LuxS基因。     

肉类腐败性假单胞菌群体感应信号分子的研究

【目的】研究两株假单胞菌的标准菌株荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)在纯培养条件下所释放的AHLs类信号分子种类、量和变化规律。【方法】利用乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂萃取菌种纯培养液的AHLs类信号分子, 检测手段利用HPLC-MS-MS。【结果】荧光假单胞菌释放信号分子的种类为: C4-HSL、C6-HSL、C8-HSL、3-oxo-C10-HSL、3-oxo-C12-HSL、3-oxo-C14-HSL。铜绿假单胞菌释放信号分子的种类为: C4-HSL、C6-HSL、C8-HSL、C10-SL、C12-HSL、C14-HSL、3-oxo-C8-HSL、3-oxo-C10-HSL、3-oxo-C12-HSL、3-oxo-C14-HSL。【结论】两株菌所释放各类信号分子的量均随时间变化, 当菌落数达到109?1010时信号分子的量达到峰值, 两株菌所释放各类信号分子含量差异较大。     

基于群体感应的海鲈鱼源杀鲑气单胞菌CS12与水产特定腐败菌的共培养

杀鲑气单胞菌在水产品致腐、致病等方面存在潜在危害,为探究其危害机制及可能的控制方法,笔者基于群体感应系统对杀鲑气单胞菌自身生长、产信号分子能力以及与水产品常见特定腐败菌共培养情况进行了研究。结果表明:从腐败海鲈鱼中分离鉴定得到一株杀鲑气单胞菌CS12,与杀鲑气单胞菌B52的16S r DNA序列相似度达99%;该菌株不耐酸,p H≤5. 0不生长;能够诱导紫色杆菌CV026产紫色且紫圈扩散明显,气质检测分泌信号分子主要为C6-HSL;比较各单菌及共培养的情况发现,杀鲑气单胞菌CS12与不同腐败菌共培养时在不同生长时期表现出不同的生长特征;与荧光假单胞菌PF03共培养时存在群体感应抑制现象,产信号分子能力明显减弱。表明杀鲑气单胞菌CS12与荧光假单胞菌PF03共培养产生了较好的群体感应抑制效果。     

大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的共培养研究

为研究大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)混菌体系,构建了基于抗生素筛选的2株重组菌。将携带卡那霉素抗性基因的载体pET-28a转化到肺炎克雷伯氏菌中,获得重组菌K.pneumoniae(pET-28a);将携带氯霉素抗性基因cm的重组载体pET-cm(卡那霉素和氯霉素双抗性载体)转化到大肠杆菌中,获得重组菌E.coli(pET-cm),在卡那霉素抗性培养基中单独培养及混合培养上述两株重组菌。结果发现:单独培养条件下,E.coli与K.pneumoniae的相对菌体密度为57.87%;混合培养条件下,E.coli与K.pneumoniae的相对菌体密度为1.94%;E.coli和K.pneumoniae相对于各自单独培养的存活率分别为2.57%和76.60%。上述结果表明,K.pneumoniae为混菌体系的优势菌,可强烈抑制E.coli的生长。     

伤寒沙门菌对宿主细胞磷酸肌醇的调节与利用

宿主细胞的磷酸肌醇是细胞信号通路中的重要成分,参与许多细胞内过程(如细胞生长与分化、肌动蛋白的组装、细胞运动、细胞死亡、膜运动、葡萄糖转运等)的调节,是细胞生物学中极为重要的一组分子.近来的研究表明,病原菌(尤其是胞内寄生菌)可以利用磷酸肌醇信号通路,颠覆宿主细胞的功能.本文综述伤寒沙门菌对宿主细胞磷酸肌醇信号通路的调节与利用,有利于了解胞内寄生菌的寄生和致病机制.同时,细菌与宿主细胞相互作用的模型给人们提供了重要的手段来破解真核细胞内的复杂信号传导之谜.     

大幅度提高曲酸的发酵效率

日本三省制药公司高效率地生产曲酸发酵生产菌获得成功.用紫外线照射培养亲株产生菌,找出萄葡糖流加培养的最适条件,获得了比传统菌产量高2倍的曲酸.曲酸对参与黑色素生成的酪氨酸酶有抑制效果.三省制药公司除医药部外还向5个化妆品制造厂供应曲酸.为了充分适应今后对曲酸需求的增加,制定了稳步增产计划.产生菌是白曲霉M6-A1株.经紫外线照射后获得了高效发酵株19-C3株.培养开始时葡萄糖浓度为10%、pH 4～5、培养温度30℃.在使用2.51的培养罐的葡萄流加培养(葡萄糖浓度3～7%在7天内其生产     

石磺海牛共附生细菌的分离和活性菌株筛选

【目的】研究深圳大鹏半岛海域石磺海牛中可培养的共附生细菌的数量和种类,并对分离获得菌株的代谢产物进行活性筛选。【方法】通过R2A平板培养、分离纯化和16SrRNA测序,分析鉴定石磺海牛中5个部位可培养细菌;使用分离菌株的菌液及发酵液上清,测定对群体感应信号分子降解的活性和抗生物膜活性。【结果】从石磺海牛中共分离到215株细菌,归属于87个种,54个属,有16株菌疑似为新菌。分离获得的菌株分布于变形菌门(Proteobacteria,126株),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,44株),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,34株),放线菌门(Actinobacteria,10株)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,1株)。石磺海牛卵中的细菌数量和种类最为多样。从分离的菌株中筛选出28株菌能够降解群体感应信号分子,8株菌具有抗生物膜活性。【结论】首次报道了海洋无脊椎动物石磺海牛中具有丰富多样的可培养细菌,包含潜在的新微生物和天然产物资源,为今后研究石磺海牛共附生微生物提供了研究基础和参考。     

菌紫质LB膜时空信号响应模型及方向检测效应的研究

在测量和分析了菌紫质ＬＢ膜的时空信号响应的基础上,提出了菌紫质ＬＢ膜的时空信号响应模型。并用菌紫质ＬＢ膜的时空信号响应模型。并用菌紫质ＬＢ膜的这些特性设计了能检测“对比边”运动方向、角度和转速的方法。     

酪酸菌对肠道有益菌的增殖作用和共生关系研究

目的通过体外液体培养证明,酪酸菌能与双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪链球菌这些肠道有益菌共生.方法在双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪链球菌的培养基中,加入1/3比例的酪酸菌发酵提取物,进行室温培养24 h.结果3种菌的活菌含量分别比对照组提高了24.00%、42.57%和6.76%.结论表明酪酸菌对肠道有益菌具有增殖作用.     

14C-Methylated beta-casein as a substrate for plasmin, and its application to the study of milk protein transformations

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-label methods were used with 5-doxyl-stearic acid as a probe to investigate membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during the cell cycle. A 35 GHz ESR technique was developed to study membrane fluidity of intact cells. This technique requires only about 1/6 the amount of cells compared to the conventional spin-label techniques. With this technique we observed a cyclic change of membrane fluidity during the cell cycle of CHO cells: cells in mitosis had the highest membrane fluidity, whereas cells in G1 and early S phases had the lowest membrane fluidity.     

Electron spin resonance studies of changes in membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary cells during the cell cycle

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-label methods were used with 5-doxyl-stearic acid as a probe to investigate membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during the cell cycle. A 35 GHz ESR technique was developed to study membrane fluidity of intact cells. This technique requires only about $\text{1}\text{6}$ the amount of cells compared to the conventional spin-label techniques. With this technique we observed a cyclic change of membrane fluidity during the cell cycle of CHO cells: cells in mitosis had the highest membrane fluidity, whereas cells in G₁ and early S phases had the lowest membrane fluidity.     

Does a nonclassical signaling mechanism underlie an increase of estradiol-mediated gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding in ovine pituitary cells?

Estradiol-17beta (E2) is the major regulator of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) gene expression and number during the periovulatory period; however, the mechanisms underlying E2 regulation of the GNRHR gene remain undefined. Herein, we find that E2 conjugated to BSA (E2-BSA) mimics the stimulatory effect of E2 on GnRH binding in primary cultures of ovine pituitary cells. The time course for maximal GnRH analog binding was similar for both E2 and E2-BSA. The ability of E2 and E2-BSA to increase GnRH analog binding was blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780. Also, increased GnRH analog binding in response to E2 and the selective ESR1 agonist propylpyrazole triol was blocked by expression of a dominant-negative form of ESR1 (L540Q). Thus, membrane-associated ESR1 is the likely candidate for mediating E2 activation of the GNRHR gene. As cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is an established target for E2 activation in gonadotrophs, we next explored a potential role for this protein as an intracellular mediator of the E2 signal. Consistent with this possibility, adenoviral-mediated expression of a dominant-negative form of CREB (A-CREB) completely abolished the ability of E2 to increase GnRH analog binding in primary cultures of ovine pituitary cells. Finally, the presence of membrane-associated E2 binding sites on ovine pituitary cells was demonstrated using a fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate of E2-BSA. We suggest that E2 regulation of GnRHR number during the preovulatory period reflects a membrane site of action and may proceed through a nonclassical signaling mechanism, specifically a CREB-dependent pathway.     

Toxic Effects and Detection of Oxygen Free Radicals on Cultured Articular Chondrocytes Generated by Menadione

The aim of this work was to study the proliferation pathological perturbations of cultured chondrocytes in response to menadione, an oxygen free radicals producing drug. Rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture were treated with 10^-5, 1.5.M^-5 and 2.10^-5M of menadione during three days. A dose dependent decrease of the proliferative capacity was observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a perturbation of the cell cycle progression consisting in an accumulation of cells in the S and G2 + M phases. This growth perturbation was due to oxygen radicals production since a treatment with catalase suppressed these toxic effects. Furthermore, to identify oxygen derived radicals in the cellular suspension of cultures treated with menadione, we used a technique of spin-trapping coupled with electron spin resonance (ESR). The ESR signal corresponding to the DMPO hydroxyl radical adduct (DMPO-OH) has been detected. The spectra observation indicated the actual production of hydroxyl radical. However, superoxide anions have not been identified; this fact can be explained by the low reactivity of these anions with DMPO and by the decomposition of signal DMPO-OOH to DMPO-OH.     

Cell cycle parameters of Chinese hamster ovary cells during exponential, polyamine-limited growth.

We have previously shown that Chinese hamster ovary cells made polyamine deficient by treatment with alpha-methylornithine, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, grow exponentially in culture at low densities at one-half the rate observed in untreated (control) cultures. In this study, the cell cycle of polyamine-limited cells was examined by using thymidine autoradiography, mitotic index analysis, and fraction labeled mitoses analysis. We found that the longer doubling time of inhibitor-treated cultures was a consequence of increases in the lengths of the G1 and S phases. The expansion of the S phase was proportional to the increase in doubling time (twofold), whereas the G1 phase was lengthened by slightly more than a factor of 2. The lengths of the G2 and M phases were essentially unchanged. Putrescine stimulated the growth of inhibitor-treated cultures and restored the cell cycle parameters to those of untreated cells.     

Variation of Interferon Production During the Cell Cycle

The capacity of cells to produce interferon has been found to depend on the phase in the cell cycle at which virus infection took place. Monolayer cultures of L cells were synchronized by the double thymidine-block method. Such synchronously growing cultures were used to study the ability of cells to produce interferon when they were infected with ultraviolet-inactivated Newcastle disease virus (UV-NDV) at different phases of the cell cycle. In all instances, interferon was detected early and reached a maximum at about 16 hr after infection. However, the levels of interferon found in medium of cultures infected at early post-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthetic (G2) and to some extent at late G2 phases of the cell cycle were comparatively lower than those found in cultures infected at the early DNA synthetic (S) phase. There appeared also in these infected growing cultures a transient period when interferon production was apparently delayed. This period corresponded interestingly with the time of mitotic burst. Infection of thymidine- or 1-beta-d-arabino-furanosylcytosine-inhibited cultures with UV-NDV also led to similar interferon response as that observed in growing cultures infected at early S. However, no transient delay of interferon production was demonstrated in these cultures.     

Growth and senescence of Medicago truncatula cultured cells are associated with characteristic mitochondrial morphology

Here mitochondrial morphology and dynamics were investigated in Medicago truncatula cell-suspension cultures during growth and senescence. Cell biology techniques were used to measure cell growth and death in culture. Mitochondrial morphology was investigated in vivo using a membrane potential sensor probe coupled with confocal microscopy. Expression of a senescence-associated gene (MtSAG) was evaluated in different cell-growth phases. Mitochondria appeared as numerous, punctuate organelles in cells at the beginning of the subculture cycle, while interconnected networks were observed in actively growing cells. In senescent cells, giant mitochondria were associated with dying cells. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria was detected in different growth phases of cultured cells. Studies on plant cell cultures allowed us to identify physiological and molecular markers of senescence and cell death, and to associate distinct mitochondrial morphology with cells under different physiological conditions.     

Dynamic molecular structure of DPPC-DLPC-cholesterol ternary lipid system by spin-label electron spin resonance

The hydrated ternary lamellar lipid mixture of dipalmitoyl-PC/dilauroyl-PC/cholesterol (DPPC/DLPC/Chol) has been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) to reveal the dynamic structure on a molecular level of the different phases that exist and coexist over virtually the full range of composition. The spectra for more than 100 different compositions at room temperature were analyzed by nonlinear least-squares fitting to provide the rotational diffusion rates and order parameters of the end-chain labeled phospholipid 16-PC. The ESR spectra exhibit substantial variation as a function of composition, even though the respective phases generally differ rather modestly from each other. The Lalpha and Lbeta phases are clearly distinguished, with the former exhibiting substantially lower ordering and greater motional rates, whereas the well-defined Lo phase exhibits the greatest ordering and relatively fast motional rates. Typically, smaller variations occur within a given phase. The ESR spectral analysis also yields phase boundaries and coexistence regions which are found to be consistent with previous results from fluorescence methods, although new features are found. Phase coexistence regions were in some cases confirmed by observing the existence of isosbestic points in the absorption mode ESR spectra from the phases. The dynamic structural properties of the DPPC-rich Lbeta and DLPC-rich Lalpha phases, within their two-phase coexistence region do not change with composition along a tie-line, but the ratio of the two phases follows the lever rule in accordance with thermodynamic principles. The analysis shows that 16-PC spin-label partitions nearly equally between the Lalpha and Lbeta phases, making it a useful probe for studying such coexisting phases. Extensive study of two-phase coexistence regions requires the determination of tie-lines, which were approximated in this study. However, a method is suggested to accurately determine the tie-lines by ESR.     

Effects of cultivation gas phase on hydrogenase of the acetogen Clostridium thermoaceticum.

The effect of cultivation gas phase on the expression and activity of hydrogenase in heterotrophic cultures of Clostridium thermoaceticum was examined. Of the five gas phases tested, hydrogenase was maximal from cells cultivated under CO. Correlations were observed between the level of hydrogenase and the evolution of H2 by growing cultures. Activity stains of polyacrylamide gels revealed a single hydrogenase band in CO2 cells and multiple hydrogenase bands in CO cells.