植物挥发物对蛾类昆虫性信息素的影响

在植物与昆虫的协同进化过程中,植物挥发物与昆虫性信息素的相互关系一直以来被认为是物种间的重要通信系统。这种相互关系表现为植物挥发物对昆虫生理和行为的影响上,影响昆虫性信息素的合成和昆虫对性信息素的行为反应。本文针对植物挥发物对蛾类昆虫性信息素的影响进行了综述。评述了寄主植物挥发物对蛾类昆虫性信息素或前体的合成及性信息素的产生与释放的影响,总结了寄主植物和非寄主植物挥发物对蛾类昆虫的求偶行为的调控作用及对蛾类昆虫性信息素的增效或抑制作用阐述了植物挥发物影响蛾类昆虫对性信息素行为反应的机理,并且讨论了目前存在的问题。     

多次交配对雌性蛾类生殖适应性影响的Meta分析

多次交配是昆虫中一种重要的交配行为,许多学者对此开展了大量的研究以解释雌性昆虫多次交配行为的适应性意义。在鳞翅目蛾类昆虫中存在两种典型的交配策略(单配制和多配制),但这两类交配策略的雌蛾进行多次交配获得哪些利益和代价目前仍不清楚。本文采用Meta分析法对搜集到的24篇文献中来自8科25种蛾类进行分析,比较两种不同交配策略的雌蛾多次交配与其适应性参数之间的关系。结果表明,多次交配行为明显增加了雌蛾的产卵量和卵的孵化率,而导致寿命的下降。其中,多次交配导致多配制蛾类产卵量和卵的孵化率明显的增加,但寿命趋于延长却没有明显差异;而对单配制蛾类而言,多次交配对相应的适应性参数均没有明显的影响。     

延迟交配对昆虫生殖行为的影响以及与性信息素防治害虫的关系

对鳞翅目昆虫延迟交配对昆虫生殖力、卵孵化率、交配成功率、成虫寿命等进行了总结。雌虫延迟交配降低雌虫的生殖力、卵的孵化率及与雄虫成功交配率,但可以延长雌虫寿命。雄虫延迟交配降低雌虫的生殖力、卵的孵化率、产卵时间,雄虫的精子质量下降但寿命有所增加。已发现延迟交配在迷向法中控制害虫起着重要的作用,对进一步认识迷向法中不同作用机理以及延迟交配在迷向法防治害虫中的潜力进行了探讨。     

蛾类昆虫雄性信息素及其功能

昆虫性信息素是两性通讯系统的基础,其中雄性信息素的研究相对较少。本文综述了蛾类昆虫雄性信息素的研究进展。迄今已鉴定出40余种蛾类昆虫的雄性信息素,其行为学功能主要有对雌性的引诱和激欲、对同种雄性的抑制及种间隔离等。     

黄光灯对小白菜田蛾类害虫的防控效果及对非靶标昆虫和天敌的影响

为评估黄光灯对小白菜田蛾类害虫的控制效果,及对非靶标昆虫和天敌的影响,于2019年9-10月在河南省驻马店和2022年6-7月在河南省原阳的小白菜田开展应用黄光灯的试验,设置4个灯光处理和4个空白对照小区,处理区安装589±5 nm的黄光灯,于黄光灯设置10 d后每3 d调查1次,记录蛾类害虫及非靶标昆虫和天敌的种类和数量。结果表明,黄光灯对小白菜田蛾类害虫具有明显的控制效果,在黄光灯设置的13到22 d,驻马店试验田的平均防效为55.54%,原阳的平均防效为72.11%,而对田间的非靶标昆虫和优势天敌无显著影响。本研究为黄光灯的推广和应用提供了必要的实验依据。     

昆虫抗药性与适合度

昆虫抗药性的产生常伴有适合度劣势(即适合度代价),即抗性个体常表现出发育速率较慢、存活率和生殖力较低。文章主要阐述害虫抗药性与生物适合度和适合度代价的关系以及适合度代价产生的机制、特性及影响因素。并从生态学角度论述害虫抗药性的进化,为探索抗性发展规律及害虫抗性治理提供理论依据。     

实蝇类昆虫生殖行为的研究进展

实蝇是全世界重要的农业害虫,其生殖行为规律对其防治方法的研究具有重要指导意义。本文在文献调研的基础上,对实蝇类昆虫求偶、交配和产卵等行为的最新研究进展进行综述。实蝇类昆虫具有非资源型交配系统,性内、性间选择共同驱动实蝇的性特征进化;同时,实蝇生殖行为受到性信息素、翅信号、物理、化学以及环境等因素的影响。此外,雌虫在交配后会为理想产卵位置发生竞争,而产卵标记信息素起着调节作用。实蝇类昆虫的诸多生殖行为研究结果已成功应用于田间防治,取得了较好的效果。     

白马蝠蛾生殖习性的研究

本文首次报道了白马蝠蛾的生殖系统和生殖习性。白马蝠蛾雌性生殖系统与鳞翅目其他昆虫不同：无粘液腺器官;成虫产卵行为特殊,卵散产,产后有用尾和足扫土盖卵的习性;成虫交配授精以精包方式进行。交配除提供雌蛾精子外,还能刺激产卵。雌蛾生殖力强,生殖期短,产卵最多768粒,最少364粒,一生平均621粒,生殖期平均4.2天;成虫历期平均6.2天;卵平均历期48.5天(温度12.6 ℃)。最适宜成虫交配与产卵的温度为12.5-19.0 ℃,相对湿度75%-90%。     

蛾类昆虫性信息素生物合成的研究进展

综述了各种不同化学结构类型的蛾类雌性信息素生物合成途径。此外还叙述了特定比例的性信息素成分在雌蛾体内产生的机理以及某些蛾类中信息素生物合成酶类与物种进化间的关系。     

蜘蛛繁殖行为研究进展

蜘蛛的繁殖行为可以分为求偶行为、交配行为、产卵和携卵行为、携幼行为,本文根据国内外研究进展,对蜘蛛的繁殖行为进行简要综述.     

Juvenile hormone regulation of reproduction in the cyclorrhaphous diptera with emphasis on oogenesis

The great diversity seen in the cyclorrhaphous dipterans suggests that it is unlikely that juvenile hormone (JH) plays a common role within the group. The role that JH does play appears to be determined by adult lifestyle and nutritional impact on the neuroendocrine system. Using Phormia regina as a model system, the importance of JH in the reproductive biology of other cyclorrhaphous dipterans are compared. The different JHs found within this group, and the species studied, are presented. The effects of JH on the disappearance of pupal fat body in adults, accessory reproductive gland development, and the ontogeny of sexual behavior are discussed. As for oogenesis, vitellogenin biosynthesis and its uptake are described in more detail. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 35:513–537, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Frequency- and density-dependent sexual selection in natural populations of Galician Littorina saxatilis Olivi

Galician exposed shore populations of the direct developing periwinkle Littorina saxatilis are strikingly polymorphic, with an ornamented and banded upper shore form and a smooth and unbanded lower shore form. Intermediates between the two pure forms occur in a narrow mid shore zone together with the parental forms. We have previously shown that the two pure forms share the same gene pool but that mating between them is non-random. This is due to a non-random microdistribution in the zone of overlap, and also to assortative mating. In this study we present data which show that intermediate (hybrid) females mate less often than pure females in micropatches dominated by either of the pure forms, but not in micropatches in which the two pure forms are equally common. Thus, sexual fitness in intermediate females depends on the frequency of both pure morphs. Furthermore, sexual selection against intermediate females also varies with the densities of snails within each micro patch. The biological mechanisms which may explain this particular reduction of female hybrid fitness are discussed. Assortative mating between the pure morphs is sometimes almost complete, while both morphs do not mate the intermediates assortatively. In the light of this, sexual selection against intermediate females may contribute considerably to restrict gene flow between the pure forms.     

花绒寄甲的交配能力及多次交配对生殖产量的影响

花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire为天牛类蛀干害虫的优势天敌昆虫,为明确该成虫的交配能力和多次交配行为在该虫种群繁衍中的作用,本研究评估了该虫在室内恒定条件下的性成熟期、交配次数、交配持续期和交配间隔期,以及通过设置交配1次、5次、10次和自由交配等4个处理,探讨了多次交配行为对成虫生殖产量的影响。结果表明,花绒寄甲的性成熟期平均为29.35 ± 0.34 d,交配发生时间主要集中在18:00 pm-2:00 am。在观察期内该虫的平均交配次数为4.49 ± 0.24次,其平均交配持续期为9.27 ± 0.12 min,平均交配间隔期为8.60 ± 0.26 d,且随交配次数的增加呈明显缩短趋势。此外,该虫的产卵量随交配次数的增加从交配1次的227.45 ± 15.32粒/雌增加至自由交配的1 426.03 ± 113.71粒/雌,孵化率从交配1次的68.93% ± 1.47%增加至自由交配的94.98% ± 0.90%,这些结果证实了花绒寄甲属典型的夜行性、收入型生殖的、多次交配的昆虫种类,交配能力较弱,但多次交配明显提高了该虫的生殖产量,从而支持精子补充假说。     

延迟交配对橘小实蝇繁殖适度的影响

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel是一种世界性的入侵害虫,严重为害多种经济果蔬。本文通过响应面分析方法,研究了延迟交配对橘小实蝇交配率、产卵量、孵化率和寿命的影响。结果表明,交配率随雌虫交配日龄的延迟先增后减,雌、雄成虫均为35日龄处理组中的交配率最高,为81.00%±2.00%;而雄虫交配日龄的延迟则对其卵孵化率有明显的负面作用,在56日龄雄虫与35日龄雌虫处理组中,其卵孵化率最低,仅为27.56%±4.55%。雌成虫产卵量和寿命受到雌、雄虫双方交配日龄的的影响,产卵量（y）与雄虫日龄（x1）和雌虫日龄（x2）的回归方程为y=514.36+3.08x1-11.05x2,雌成虫寿命（y）与雄虫日龄（x1）和雌虫日龄（x2）的回归方程为y=35.85+0.23x1+0.40x2。研究结果为田间使用性信息素迷向法防治橘小实蝇提供了理论依据。     

Delayed mating and the reproductive fitness of aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidae)

, and 1992. Delayed mating and the reproductive fitness of Aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidae). International Journal for Parasitology 22: 1197–1200. This study examines whether delayed mating influences the reproductive fitness of female reptile ticks, Aponomma hydrosauri. Delayed mating was induced by the prevention of male attachment to hosts for 20 or 40 days after females had been attached. The results showed that delayed mating had no significant influence on the number of viable progeny produced by female ticks. This may represent an important advantage for colonizing Ap. hydrosauri females in marginal population areas, particularly at parapatric boundaries.     

Promiscuous mating produces offspring with higher lifetime fitness

In many species, each female pairs with a single male for the purpose of rearing offspring, but may also engage in extra-pair copulations. Despite the prevalence of such promiscuity, whether and how multiple mating benefits females remains an open question. Multiple mating is typically thought to be favoured primarily through indirect benefits (i.e. heritable effects on the fitness of offspring). This prediction has been repeatedly tested in a variety of species, but the evidence has been equivocal, perhaps because such studies have focused on pre-reproductive survival rather than lifetime fitness of offspring. Here, we show that in a songbird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), both male and female offspring produced by extra-pair fertilizations have higher lifetime reproductive success than do offspring sired within the social pair. Furthermore, adult male offspring sired via extra-pair matings are more likely to sire extra-pair offspring (EPO) themselves, suggesting that fitness benefits to males accrue primarily through enhanced mating success. By contrast, female EPO benefited primarily through enhanced fecundity. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the evolution of extra-pair mating by females is favoured by indirect benefits and shows that such benefits accrue much later in the offspring's life than previously documented.