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我国有400多种白蚁,它们主要分布在华南一带,常见危害种台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki是危害房屋建筑、林木果树的主要害虫。为摸清不同pH土壤与台湾乳白蚁生存和取食的关系,测定pH1.7~10.8的黄粘土泥层对台湾乳白蚁活动和取食的影响。结果表明,台湾乳白蚁能快速穿透pH3.0~10.1范围的泥层,进入泥层中心取食木块;随着泥层pH值的增加穿透力减弱,取食量减少。采用逐步回归方程预测,台湾乳白蚁不能进入土层蛀蚀木块的土壤pH范围为<1.85和>10.91。 相似文献
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《昆虫知识》2015,(6)
【目的】本文研究了黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis和台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus对镇江几种常见木材树种的取食偏好性,分析了白蚁种类和木材品种对白蚁取食偏好性和死亡率的影响,以期为本地区白蚁治理及预防提供科学依据。【方法】采取白蚁非选择性取食试验,研究两种白蚁分别取食香樟Cinnamonum campora、银杏Ginkgo biloba、水杉Metasequoia glyptostrodoides、垂柳Salix babylonica、广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora、枇杷树Eriobotrya japonica、马尾松Pinus massoniana 7种树种食料的取食偏好和死亡率,取食偏好采用白蚁取食率,即每克白蚁每天取食量(mg)评价。试验数据采用多因素方差分析。【结果】方差分析结果表明,白蚁种类和不同木材对白蚁取食率和死亡率均影响显著。在供试的7种木材中,黑胸散白蚁最喜食垂柳和马尾松,其取食率分别为31.46和30.59 mg;台湾乳白蚁最喜食马尾松、水杉和银杏,其取食率分别为26.53、21.82和21.81 mg。两种白蚁对银杏、垂柳、广玉兰这3种木材的取食率有显著差异,而对其他4种木材的取食率差异不显著。【结论】白蚁取食率和死亡率受白蚁种类和木材品种影响明显。7种供试木材中,两种白蚁都对马尾松显示出明显偏好,且死亡率最低。 相似文献
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2005年9月29日,本所施工人员在对成都市与温江区交界处文家场土龙公路某俱乐部的一栋别墅进行白蚁灭治施工时,发现大量活体白蚁,别墅木质装饰墙裙受到白蚁严重危害。经笔者现场鉴定,确认该处发现的白蚁为台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosamus Shiraki)。 相似文献
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用"群体法"对1%联苯菊酯乳油防白蚁电缆涂料抗台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shirak蛀蚀进行测试,结果表明:只涂防蚁涂料的电缆和木块抗白蚁性能的蛀蚀等级为1级,并且其白蚁存活时间最短,分别为10.33±1.53d和8.67±1.15d,两者之间差异不显著;先涂一层防白蚁涂料,再涂一层普通涂料的电缆和木块全达到蛀蚀等级1级,白蚁存活时间分别为24.33±2.52d和21.33±2.08d,两者之间差异不显著;只涂普通涂料的电缆和木块抗白蚁蛀蚀等级分别为1级和2~3级,白蚁存活时间分别为64.00±2.65d和62.67±2.08d,两者之间的差异也不显著;未涂涂料的电缆和木块抗白蚁蛀蚀等级分别为1级和4级,该处理的电缆缸内白蚁存活时间为72.33±3.06d,而该木块第90d试验结束时白蚁仍然活动正常,两者之间的差异显著。本研究结果显示:该防白蚁电缆涂料有良好的抗台湾乳白蚁蛀蚀性能;在电缆外护套或木块表面涂了一层该防白蚁电缆涂料后加涂一层普通涂料,既能抗台湾乳白蚁蛀蚀,又能减少环境污染。 相似文献
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本研究探究了miR-120在台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus抵御绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae的免疫反应中的作用。研究发现通过对台湾乳白蚁注射miR-120 agomir以增加白蚁体内miR-120的含量后,台湾乳白蚁的存活率降低约35%,绿僵菌对台湾乳白蚁的致死率提升约55%,同时显著抑制了台湾乳白蚁对绿僵菌的趋避反应。双荧光素酶报告系统等试验证实了miR-120靶向结合免疫基因Draper。通过对Draper进行注射法RNAi后,得到了类似于注射miR-120 agomir后的结果。研究结果表明,miR-120通过抑制靶基因Draper的表达,抑制了台湾乳白蚁抵御绿僵菌的免疫反应,最终导致台湾乳白蚁的存活率显著下降。该结果有助于进一步理解白蚁的免疫机制,并为开发抑制白蚁免疫防御反应的技术方法提供理论基础,有助于促进白蚁生物防治的发展。 相似文献
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台湾乳白蚁和黄胸散白蚁对三种饵剂的嗅觉行为反应 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
利用“Y”型嗅觉仪,测定了台湾乳白蚁Coptotermesformosanus和黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermesflaviceps对灭蚁灵,氟虫胺,氟铃脲等3种饵剂在不同浓度下的嗅觉行为反应。结果表明2种白蚁对0. 2 5和0 . 5 %灭蚁灵;0 .2 5 ,0 .75和1 %氟虫胺;0 . 5 %氟铃脲均具有明显的趋性,且趋性差异不显著。因此,可将氟虫胺及氟铃脲作为灭蚁灵的替代品来防治白蚁。此外,台湾乳白蚁对1 %灭蚁灵,0 . 5 %氟虫胺,1 %氟铃脲具忌避性;而黄胸散白蚁对0 . 75和1 %灭蚁灵;0. 2 5 ,0. 75和1 %氟铃脲具忌避性,表明2种白蚁对饵剂的嗅觉反应既有相似性,又有不同点;台湾乳白蚁产生趋性的饵剂浓度大于黄胸散白蚁。因此用饵剂防治白蚁时,需根据不同种类的白蚁,采用不同的浓度进行防治。 相似文献
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Nakashima K Watanabe H Saitoh H Tokuda G Azuma JI 《Insect biochemistry and molecular biology》2002,32(7):777-784
The distribution of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EG) components in the digestive system of the wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was investigated by zymogram analysis using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by N-terminal protein sequencing. EG components similar to glycoside hydrolase family (GHF) 9 members were restricted to the salivary glands, the foregut, and the midgut, whereas components similar to GHF7 members were confined to the hindgut where numerous cellulolytic flagellates were harbored. RT-PCR experiments revealed that five GHF9 EG mRNAs (1348 bp) homologous to other termite EGs were expressed in the salivary glands and the midgut. The crude extract prepared from the midgut as well as that from the hindgut produced glucose from crystalline cellulose. These data suggest that C. formosanus has two independent cellulose-digesting systems: one in the midgut where cellulose digestion is accomplished by endogenous cellulases and the other in the hindgut which makes use of other cellulases possibly from symbiotic flagellates. 相似文献
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The Formosan termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is a well-known invasive pest that causes severe damage to wooden structures in many parts of the world. Although
several studies examined its phylogeographic patterns using a few mitochondrial genes, the phylogenetic relationships among
C. formosanus are poorly understood because of the small number of mutations known among its mitochondrial genes. To provide a useful genetic
tool for further analyses, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of C. formosanus using specimens collected from three isolated islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan. The circular mitogenome of these
termites consisted of genes encoding 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and 13 mitochondrial proteins, as is the case for
most animal mitochondrial genomes. The G + C content was 34.1%, and the total length varied slightly between 16,234 and 16,236
base pairs. The complete mitochondrial genomes of the three populations were more than 99.9% identical to each other and showed
differences at six nucleotide positions. The COII, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA genes that are commonly used for phylogenetic analyses revealed only one substitution or no substitutions.
The mitogenome sequences determined here should contribute to the design of new molecular markers for the clarification of
the historical distribution process of C. formosanus and for further phylogenetic analyses with this and related termite species. 相似文献
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《Biological Control》2011,56(3):166-173
Termites adjust their response to entomopathogenic fungi according to the profile of fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study demonstrates the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea (=Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) towards the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Using no-choice assays, M. anisopliae was found to be highly virulent (LT50 3.10 d) when compared to B. bassiana (LT50 6.62 d) and I. fumosorosea (LT50 12.39 d). Also using choice assays, the foraging behavior of C. formosanus was determined in the presence of pathogenic fungi. The highly pathogenic fungi (M. anisopliae) elicited a repellent response, causing most of the termites to forage in a safe zone farthest from the fungal source. This repellency resulted in relatively low mortality similar to the controls. The repellency of M. anisopliae conidia can be used to protect human belongings and timber from termites. While I. fumosorosea cultures were not repellent to C. formosanus workers, the termites were highly susceptible to infection. Electroantennographic responses of workers showed approximately 47% and 78% lower level of response to conidia of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea, respectively, as compared to M. anisopliae. The VOC profile of repellent cultures of M. anisopliae mainly consisted of paraffins (60.97%), while the major proportion of the I. fumosorosea profile consisted of branched and cyclic alkanes (84.41%). From the above findings, we conclude that the incorporation of I. fumosorosea may increase the control potential of bait. 相似文献