实验室到大生产——生物工程产业化解决之道

<正>国家重点新产品国家火炬计划国家高新技术示范企业东方生工发酵装备业的领跑者见证实力体现价值高等院校北京大学、清华大学、首都师范大学、北京科技大学、北京联合大学、中国农业大学、天津轻工业学院、天津医科大学、哈尔滨工业大学、八一农垦大学、东北大学、江南大学、南京农业大学、南京师范大学、中国矿业大学、上海交通大学、华东师范大学、浙江大学、浙江工业大学、山西大学、厦门大学、集美大学、福建师范大学、福建农林大学、山东大学、山东海洋大学、青岛海洋大学、青岛大学、烟台大学、中山大学、深圳大学、华南理工大学、广西大学、西北大学、西北农林科技大学、云南大学、湖南大学、合肥工业大学、东南大学、南京林业大学……     

青凤蝶一新型记述

青凤蝶又名绿青凤蝶、樟青风蝶,在国内已知分布于江苏、江西、云南、广东、贵州、广西、浙江、四川、湖北、湖南、西藏、海南、台湾、香港、福建(三明、永安、南平、福州、宁化、沙县、尤溪、将乐、建宁、诏安、东山、云霄、龙岩、长汀、漳平、武平、建阳、建瓯、浦城、宁德、连江、闽侯）;     

第九届中国微生物学会病毒学专业委员会名单

顾问:(按照姓氏笔划排序)丁明孝、于恩庶、方荣祥、王宇、王新武、卢天林、田波、华朝安、庄辉、朱宗涵、齐义鹏、朱宇同、张礼璧、张权一、张远志、张楚瑜、李河民、李钟铎、陈秀珠、陈焕春、陈鸿珊、俞永新、洪涛、赵恺、闻玉梅、候云德、耿运祺、郭仁、郭辉玉、陶佩珍、康来仪、章以浩、龚人雄、曾毅、谢天恩、廖延雄、薛凤举名誉主任委员:朱关福主任委员:邵一鸣副主任委员:张霆(常务)、祝庆余、金奇、高福、袁正宏、金宁一、邱并生、胡志红、胡远杨、张晓燕委员:(按照姓氏笔划排序)丁翠、孔宪刚、王哲、王佑春、江丽芳、阮力、严延生、…     

上海生物医学工程学会理事扩大会议纪要

上海市生物医学工程学会第三届理事(扩大)会议于1992年4月10日在科学会堂召开。出席会议的有丁文祥、邹祥英、薛伯卿、王威琪、徐智章、张燕秋、高忠华、方祖祥、秦家楠、唐树森、邱蔚之、刘景昌、曹源康、郑一仁、王晓光、石锡光、宋冠英、孙爱贞、苏肇伉、张泽琦、夏栋标、邱济堂、叶椿秀、曹厚德、张兆进、严樑、蔡胜平、李家骝、赵馥霖、郑瑞卿、沈天真、     

理事会理事

石美鑫、陈明进、高学书、徐家裕、王威琪、陈俊强、陈艺生、楼鸿棣、龚道敦、孙复川、陈星荣、邓振秋、曹世龙、胡诞宁、秦治纯、高忠华、张镜人、周呜峦、}淘事细、施锦祥、谢丽娟、朱德鑫、张伯纳、李祖根、秦家楠、孙志良、俞宽祥、吴文豹、丁文祥、章开平、张泽琦、靳宝华     

中国细胞生物学学会三届六次全国理事会纪要

1992年5月23—25日在上海细胞生物学研究所召开了三届理事会第六次会议,出席会议的理事有王亚辉、左嘉客、贾敬芬、翟中和、薛绍白、周郑、白永延、宋今丹、杨抚华、黄祥辉、毛树坚、仝允栩、叶敏、李公岫、李文安、张小云、张中益、徐永华、郭畹华、段金玉、黄立。许智宏、陶松贞、邹恩洺、杜德林、陈惠民、楼定安、陈瑞阳、郭秀芳、丰美福、林月婵因事或因病请假。荘孝僡、姚鑫、罗士韦、罗登出席了会议。学会秘书处乔以炯也出席了会议。     

中国国家公园名录

1982年和1988年,中国国务院分别审定公布了两批列为中国国家公园的名单,这两批国家公园共85个,总面积4.4万平方公里。 它们是:黄山、泰山、庐山、华山、衡山、恒山、嵩山、峨嵋山、九华山、普陀山、五台山、武夷山、雁荡山、千山、井冈山、天柱山、崂山、钟山(南京市)、武当山、鸡公山、青城山、骊山、麦积山、缙云山、武陵源、丹霞山、清源山、三清山、龙虎山、云台山、天台山、西樵山、贡嘎     

《遗传》杂志“封面人物”征稿启事

近年来,《遗传》的封面设计受到广大读者和专家的好评,每期的“封面人物”既介绍了遗传学家的生平与贡献,又回顾了那段历史,给人以启发和教益。2003年以来,陆续介绍过的国际著名遗传学家有孟德尔、摩尔根、魏斯曼、贝特森、德弗里斯、高尔顿、约翰逊、科赛尔、莱文、沃森、克里克、麦克林托克、木原均、瓦维洛夫、穆勒、莫诺、科恩伯格、杜布赞斯基、尼伦伯格、李景均、兰德斯坦纳、艾弗里、比德尔、德尔布吕克、莱德伯格、穆利斯、徐道觉、蒋有兴、桑格、伯内特、泰明、伯格等。2007年,还将陆续介绍伯格、波特、本则尔、克里斯蒂安娜、利川…     

最新专利文摘

CN101720830A 一种生物多糖药茶饮料 本发明涉及一种生物多糖药茶饮料制备。该饮料含有绿茶、山楂、板蓝根、金银花、香菇、茯苓、银耳、甘草、黄豆、维生素（C、B1、B2、B6、B12）、叶酸。经挑选、清洗、破碎、湿润、接种、培养、煎煮、萃取、过滤、调配、灌装、杀菌等工艺步骤而制成。     

介绍几种食用真菌

木耳木耳(Auricularia auricula[L.ex Hook.] Underwood)别名有光木耳、黑木耳、黑耳、云耳、木蛾、耳子、木茸、木蕈、木菌、木(土从)、树鸡等。木耳的分布极广,北京、天津、河北、山西、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、山东、上海、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州、云南等省区都有出产,但以四川、贵州的最为著名。     

Phylogenetic definitions and taxonomic philosophy

An examination of the post-Darwinian history of biological taxonomy reveals an implicit assumption that the definitions of taxon names consist of lists of organismal traits. That assumption represents a failure to grant the concept of evolution a central role in taxonomy, and it causes conflicts between traditional methods of defining taxon names and evolutionary concepts of taxa. Phylogenetic definitions of taxon names (de Queiroz and Gauthier 1990) grant the concept of common ancestry a central role in the definitions of taxon names and thus constitute an important step in the development of phylogenetic taxonomy. By treating phylogenetic relationships rather than organismal traits as necessary and sufficient properties, phylogenetic definitions remove conflicts between the definitions of taxon names and evolutionary concepts of taxa. The general method of definition represented by phylogenetic definitions of clade names can be applied to the names of other kinds of composite wholes, including populations and biological species. That the names of individuals (composite wholes) can be defined in terms of necessary and sufficient properties provides the foundation for a synthesis of seemingly incompatible positions held by contemporary individualists and essentialists concerning the nature of taxa and the definitions of taxon names.     

Comparison of in vitro decomposition of bryophytic and tracheophytic plant material

The fossil record of bryophytes is generally poor and infertile plants attributable to liverworts and mosses could also be thalloid vascular plant gametophytes or herbaceous lycophytes respectively. The paucity of the bryophytic record could be the result of relatively rapid degradation of bryophytic material in comparison to that of vascular plants, the absence of lignified cells in bryophytes sustaining this belief. However, certain organs of bryophytes are as robust as those of vascular plants (e.g. spores) and the hydroxybenzofuran polymers produced by some mosses could be of similar preservational resistance to lignins. A simplistic experiment to test the relative resistance to decay of bryophytic material has been undertaken. Its findings suggest that bryophytic plant material has a similar preservational potential to that of a selected vascular plant, particularly in organic rich sediments. This result may be construed to imply that bryophytes were indeed less abundant in the preservational environments of the Coal Measures than might be expected on the basis of current palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

Échinodermes de l'Ordovicien supérieur (Ashgill) de Sardaigne et d'Algérie

Research on the influence of sea level variations on the benthic faunas have been carried out in the Upper Ordovician of Sardinia. Study of the depositional facies and sequence analysis of the upper part (Lower Ashgill) of the Portixeddu Formation led to the identification of the sedimentary environments. Cystoids and crinoids are associated to bryozoans and brachiopods in most levels. The numerical analysis of associations and megaguilds shows that crinoids and cystoids have a higher frequency in the proximal and median facies of the upper offshore. The columnal association characterized by Conspectocrinus celticus and the coronoid Mespilocystites tregarvanicus has been discovered in the upper part of the formation. This material and complementary samples from Upper Ordovician of Sardinia and Kabylia (Algeria) bring additional data on the systematic and show the wide distribution of this fauna outside of the Ibero-armorican domain. The distribution of this echinoderm association supports a palaeogeographical position of the Ibero-armorican domain and Sardinia within the north gondwanan margin during the Lower Palaeozoic.     

Des Miliolacea aux Alveolinacea (grands foraminifères): la faune du Crétacé supérieur et du Tertiaire inférieur du Chiapas (S.E. Mexique)

Found in Chiapas (South-East of Mexico), Praealveolina michaudi nov. sp. and Chubbina jamaicensis (of Campanian-Maestrichtian age) are described, both evolved from Nummoloculina sp. while Raadshoovenia guatemalensis (upper Paleocene-lower Eocene) arises from Quinqueloculina. We precisely analyze and modelize the nepionic coiling during the evolutionary change from Miliolacea to Alveolinacea. During ontogenesis as well as during phylogenesis, quinqueloculine coiling progresses to streptospiral and then to planispiral chamber arrangement with the increase of volume of embryo and of chambers. Appearance of these large foraminifers are understood as a consequence of the rise of K-strategies in their mode of life, following the development of photosynthetic symbioses.     

人工合成多样性突变文库研究进展*

突变文库的构建是定向进化研究过程中一个关键步骤,主要利用天然存在的系统或者人工合成的分子技术来产生多样性核酸分子文库,为制备和筛选具有一定特性的蛋白酶、多肽、人工抗体等提供庞大的遗传基因库,也可用于合成生物学中相关基因元件的研究与筛选,为目标生物制品的高效工业化生产提供动力。随着对突变文库构建技术研究的日益深入,各种文库构建策略相继被开发出来,并在生物能源、生物化工、生物医药、生物试剂和食品工业等方面得到了广泛的应用。然而,定向进化中的文库构建策略多有不同,各种突变文库构建技术的核心方法也在不断创新。主要介绍近年来实验室中人工合成多样性文库的前沿技术,并对文库构建技术在自动化和智能化方向的发展进行了展望。     

A phylogenetic analysis of basal Anseriformes, the fossil Presbyornis, and the interordinal relationships of waterfowl

A phylogenetic analysis of 123 morphological characters of basal waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes) and other selected avian orders confirmed that the screamers (Anhimae: Anhitn-idae) are the sister-group of other waterfowl (Anseres), and that the magpie goose (Anseranatidae: Anseranas semipalmata) is the sister group of other modern waterfowl exclusive of screamers (Anatidae sensu stricto). The analysis also supports the traditional hypothesis of the gallinaceous birds (Galliformes) as the sister group of the Anseriformes. Presbyornis, a fossil from the early Eocene of Wyoming and averred by Olson & Feduccia as showing that the Anseriformes were derived from shorebirds (Charadriiformes), was found to represent the sister group of the Anatidae. Associated hypotheses by Olson & Feduccia concerning the implications of Presbyornis for the phylogenetic relationships of flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes), the position of the Anhimidae within the waterfowl, relationships among modern Anatidae, and a plausible evolutionary scenario for waterfowl also are rejected. Analyses revealed that cranial characters were critical to the establishment of the Galliformes as the sister group of the Anseriformes; exclusion of the Anhimidae, especially in combination with Anseranas, also undermined the support for this inference. Placement of Presbyornis as the sister group of the Anatidae casts doubt on the role suggested by Feduccia of ‘transitional shorebirds' in the origin of modern avian orders, and calls into question the concept of ‘fossil mosaics’. The phylogenetic hypothesis is used to reconstruct an evolutionary scenario for selected ecomorphological characters in the galliform-anseriform transition, to predict the most parsimonious states of these characters for Presbyornis, and to propose a phylogenetic classification of the higher-order taxa of waterfowl. This re-examination of Presbyornis also is used to exemplify the fundamental methodological shortcomings of the intuitive approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships.     

L’habitat en grotte au Néolithique : vers une estimation de l’intensité des occupations

The archaeological excavation of the cave of the Gardon has brought to light a dilated and nearly continuous stratigraphy for the Neolithic era. The analysis of lithic industry has showed the existence of variations between those neolithic layers, which are independents of the technological processes of tools productions. Four criteria allow us to characterize the occupation’s type of each layer. Compared to the excavations data and to sedimentological analysis, these results allow us to display the evolution of the intensity of occupations of the cave throughout the whole Neolithic.     

The Natural Host Range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and Their Impact on Insect Populations

The natural host range of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis can be defined as the range of insects which indigenous nematode populations use for propagation. Information on the natural host range is rare. However, based on records of insects found to be naturally infected with nematodes, some conclusions regarding the natural host range of some Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. are presented. Reports of indigenous nematode populations impacting on insect populations can be divided between relatively balanced, long-lasting nematode-host associations and unbalanced, short-lasting epizootics. Examples of the augmentation and inoculative introduction of nematodes in agriculture and forestry ecosystems are presented. Based on current knowledge, nematode reproduction strategies are discussed and indications of the risk involved in the release of non-indigenous nematodes are given.     

Concentration of 17 trace elements in serum and whole blood of plains viscachas (Lagostomus maximus) by ICP-MS, their reference ranges, and their relation to cataract

The reference ranges of the trace elements Al, As, Be, B, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Li, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in sera of a group of free-ranging plains viscachas of the pampa grasslands of Argentina. The values were compared with those of a small group of captive plains viscachas of the Zurich Zoo with diabetes and bilateral cataracts. In addition, a method for digestion of whole-blood samples is described for the trace element determination. Significant differences in the concentration of trace elements in the two groups of animals are discussed. No correlation was found between the levels of selenium and of other trace elements compared to the formation of cataracts.     

A Species-specific Monoclonal Antibody System for Detecting the Remains of Field Slugs, Deroceras reticulatum (Muller) (Mollusca: Pulmonata), in Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The field slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Muller), is probably the most damaging and widespread species of slug, causing severe economic losses in a broad range of crops in temperate zones throughout the world. Investigations into the role of predation in the population dynamics of this species required a biochemical system which was capable of identifying the remains of this slug in the crop contents of predators, and distinguishing them from those of other molluscs. A monoclonal antibody was developed (IgM isotype). This was capable of separating, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, D. reticulatum from the related D. caruanae (Pollonera) and all molluscs and other invertebrates tested, with the unexpected exceptions of New Zealand flatworms, Artioposthia triangulata (Deny) and the millipede Polymicrodon polydesmoides (Leach). Characterization of the antibody and assay demonstrated that the system could clearly detect as little as 11.6 ng of D. reticulatum protein in 200 mu l of buffer. Slug remains could be identified as such in the crops of the carabid predator Pterostichus melanarius Illiger for 38.1 h, while the antibody-antigen reaction declined to half of that measured immediately following consumption, after 12.9 h. A practical and highly sensitive system was therefore developed, using the first species-specific monoclonal antibody available for the investigation of predation on slugs.