Sem study on the invasion of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) on silkworm,shape Bombyx mori Linn. causing green muscardine

The mature conidia of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) germinate on the larval integument of Bombyx mori within 24 h and penetrate the cuticle within 36 h after inoculation at 24.0 ± 1.0 °C temperature and 80.0 ± 5.0% relative humidity. The penetrating hyphae multiply by budding and septa formation in the hemocoel, and the larva succumbs to the infection 6–7 days post-treatment. The hyphal bodies elongate and become interwoven with other hyphae forming a mycelial complex across different tissues. The ramification of hyphae along the epidermal tissue results in larval mummification in 7–8 days. Numerous conidiophores emerge, producing a confluent white fungal mat over the entire surface of the host larva by 9–10 days. Pale green conidia develop, making the larval body green. Life cycle of the fungus on B. mori is completed in 10–11 days. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi impairs cellular immunity of its host Helicoverpa armigera

In this study, we investigated the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi on Helicoverpa armigera cellular immune responses. Nomuraea rileyi infection had no effect on total hemocyte count (THC), but impaired hemocyte‐mediated phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation responses. Nomuraea rileyi infection led to a significant reduction in hemocyte spreading. An in vitro assay revealed that plasma from N. rileyi infected H. armigera larvae suppressed the spreading ability of hemocytes from naïve larvae. We infer that N. rileyi suppresses the cellular immune response of its host, possibly by secreting exogenous, cytotoxic compounds into the host's hemolymph.     

斜纹夜蛾幼虫感染莱氏野村菌后的抗氧化酶活性变化

【目的】研究斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫感染莱氏野村菌Nomuraea rileyi后的抗氧化防御机制。【方法】通过测定斜纹夜蛾各龄幼虫超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等的活性,探讨染菌后不同侵染阶段,幼虫抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势和不同接种方法对抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】在斜纹夜蛾染菌幼虫和未接种幼虫(对照)中均未测出POD活性;各龄幼虫在接种莱氏野村菌后SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照,但随着侵染过程的进行,2-3龄幼虫的SOD和CAT活性在16 h左右达峰值后迅速降低,而4-5龄幼虫SOD和CAT活性自染菌初期增强后,变化较平缓,至60-72 h后才低于对照。喷雾法与浸蘸法接种后,各龄幼虫SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照,且对于2-3龄幼虫,浸蘸法对抗氧化酶活性的影响显著高于喷雾法,而对于4-5龄幼虫而言两处理方式之间活性差异不显著。【结论】斜纹夜蛾感染莱氏野村菌后,其体内抗氧化酶活性变化很大,SOD和CAT活性先升后降,且其变化趋势与幼虫所处的发育阶段密切相关。在体壁接种量相当的情况下,浸蘸法对2-3龄幼虫SOD和CAT活性的影响大于4-5龄幼虫。     

结合反相高效液相色谱和酶联免疫吸附法测定昆虫血淋巴中的蜕皮甾醇激素

【目的】昆虫体内的蜕皮酮和20羟基蜕皮酮(20E)是两种主要的蜕皮甾醇激素,其中蜕皮酮是20E的前体,而20E是有活性的蜕皮甾醇激素。本研究旨在建立一种测定昆虫血淋巴中蜕皮激素高效、稳定、准确的方法。【方法】采集家蚕血淋巴,抽提总蜕皮甾醇激素,利用反相高效液相色谱法(反相HPLC)分离并收集蜕皮酮与20E,进而利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定家蚕血淋巴的总蜕皮甾醇激素、蜕皮酮和20E各自的滴度。【结果】计算出总蜕皮甾醇激素中蜕皮酮与20E的比例,推算出蜕皮酮合成和分泌、以及蜕皮酮转化为20E的能力。【结论】该方法高效、稳定、准确,可广泛应用于昆虫蜕皮甾醇激素滴度的测定。