梵净山薇菜营养成分分析

目的：分析梵净山薇菜的营养成分,为梵净山薇菜的开发利用提供科学依据。方法：参照国标的方法测定梵净山薇菜的蛋白质、维生素C、总糖、还原糖、粗纤维、氨基酸、矿质元素等营养成分,并对其进行分析与评价。结果：梵净山薇菜蛋白质、粗纤维和维生素C含量较高,脂肪含量较低,氨基酸总量达22194g/100g,必需氨基酸（EAA）/氨基酸总量（TAA）为44769%,EAA/非必需氨基酸（NEAA）为93200%,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为8624,必需氨基酸种类齐全、比例均衡,第一限制氨基酸为甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸,矿物质元素含量丰富,以钾和铁的含量最高,分别为3 74180、71990mg/kg。结论：梵净山薇菜是一种蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低、必需氨基酸种类齐全且比例均衡、矿物质元素丰富、营养价值较高的野菜,具有很好的开发应用前景。     

大叶碎米荠营养成分的研究

对大叶碎米荠的营养成分进行了详细的分析。结果表明,大叶碎米荠含有丰富的蛋白质、膳食纤维、氨基酸、矿物质和多种维生索,重金属含量远低于国家限量指标,是一种值得开发的绿色野生植物资源。     

细叶小羽藓营养成分的测定分析

该研究以细叶小羽藓为材料,测定了基本营养成分总糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、灰分的含量,采用气相色谱、氨基酸自动分析仪分别检测了脂肪酸和氨基酸的组分含量,并通过化学分析法和扫描电镜明确了细叶小羽藓矿质元素含量及分布情况。结果表明:细叶小羽藓中主要成分是糖类,占16.11%,粗蛋白质、灰分含量分别为11.20%、23.34%。氨基酸组成均衡,必需氨基酸(EAA)占氨基酸总量(TAA)的27.70%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为0.38;限制性氨基酸为组氨酸,比值系数分(SRC)为12.96;药用氨基酸占总氨基酸的62.12%;天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸等含量相对较高。不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值为0.74,不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸(AA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)相对含量较高。富含矿物质,茎叶元素均匀分布,其中Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg等元素含量很高。综上认为,细叶小羽藓是一种含糖量较多、矿质丰富、低脂、低蛋白的苔藓,作为生物资源具有开发潜力。     

苣苣菜的营养成分测定

分析测定了山东中部野生苣苣菜的营养成分 ,结果表明 ,其主要营养成分含量与常见蔬菜相当或较高 ,并含有 1 8种氨基酸 ,其中包括 8种必需氨基酸 ,EAA/TAA =3 7.3 % ,接近WHO/FAO参考蛋白模式     

灰直纹螟-青钱柳虫茶的营养成分分析与评价

分析了灰直纹螟-青钱柳虫茶(以下简称:灰青虫茶)一般营养成分、茶特征物质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质组成,同时也对其重金属含量进行安全性评价,并以仓樟虫茶、紫白虫茶和常规茶为参照,对灰青虫茶的营养价值进行了评价。结果表明,灰青虫茶含有较高的茶多酚物质;氨基酸总含量较高,其8种必需氨基酸约占氨基酸总量的39.3%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为64.76%,必需氨基酸评价显示灰青虫茶的氨基酸模式接近鸡蛋且优于大豆;矿物质含量丰富,其中以Ca含量最高,同时含有丰富的K元素,K/Na之比为208.04;按国标限量要求重金属含量无超标。灰青虫茶氨基酸和矿物质含量丰富、种类齐全,氨基酸模式较合理,是优质蛋白和安全的矿物质保健饮品,具有较高的营养价值。     

野生蔬菜壶瓶碎米荠异地栽培生物学特性及营养成分分析

壶瓶碎米荠(Cardamine hupingshanensis)在原产地为多年生草本,生长在低温、阴湿的环境中,分布地海拔800～1400m,湿度在80％以上,自然条件下,其繁殖方式为无性繁殖．壶瓶碎米荠在长沙异地栽培,10月到次年3月为营养生长,30～6月为生殖生长,7月植株逐渐枯死,表现为2年生．壶瓶碎米荠含有丰富的维生素C、维生素B1、烟酸和维生素B2,其中维生素B1是小白菜含量的9～17倍,矿质元素Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn等含量高,分别为小白菜含量的171％、294％、558％、297％,粗蛋白含量为13．0％,含氨基酸16种,其中7种为必需氨基酸．     

鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫的营养成分分析

采用现代分析技术手段对鞭角华扁叶蜂Chinolydaflagellicornis(F.Smith)幼虫的主要营养成分进行分析,结果表明其鲜虫浆的蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、糖类及灰分含量分别为17.1%,13.5%,6.7%,1.0%和1.5%,胆固醇含量为0.3mg/g;含有7种人体必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的43.0%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为75.3%,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸,即蛋氨酸和胱氨酸;同时,其不饱和脂肪酸与必需脂肪酸分别占总脂肪的61.3%和24.3%,特别是油酸和亚麻酸含量较高,分别达37.0%和18.4%;此外,还含有K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn等多种矿物质和微量元素。最后在分析其营养价值的基础上,对鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫的开发利用价值进行了评价。     

人工栽培堇叶碎米荠生物学特征及其营养成分比较

目的:对人工驯化栽培的堇叶碎米荠进行生物学观察和营养成分分析,为蔬菜类新食品原料开发提供科学依据。方法:采用形态分类学和扫描电镜观察,描述和鉴定栽培植物;分析比较、大棚和露地补(富)硒栽培样品的营养成分。结果:栽培植物为堇叶碎米荠(Cardamine violifolia O.E.Schuiz),其花粉粒为橄榄球状,大小为13.48~16.72μm×33.45~36.77μm;干品中水分、还原糖、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别为7.10%~7.44%、3.7%~5.55%和8.0%~15.7%,含有较低的粗脂肪(0.82%~1.9%)、较高的蛋白质(17.0%~21.5%),氨基酸总量可达13.38%~14.07%,并含有丰富的钙、磷、铁、镁和锌等人体必需等常量和微量元素;正常补硒栽培硒含量为78.9~129μg/100 g,符合食品安全要求。结论:堇叶碎米荠的食用部位为抽苔期的嫩茎叶,可制成干品粉末后筛分去掉粗纤维可作为补硒的食品新原料。     

洋虫营养成分分析

分析洋虫Palembus dermestoides(Fairmaire)成、幼虫体内的营养成分,并对氨基酸的质量进行了评价。结果表明:洋虫成虫和幼虫都具有丰富的营养,其中粗蛋白48.31%和54.94%、粗脂肪17.64%和18.24%、粗灰分3.0%和2.8%、总糖31.05%和24.08%,TAA为39.03 g/100 g和47.4 g/100 g、EAA/TAA为46.29%和47.14%,含有丰富的矿物质和微量元素,尤其是Zn的含量达到101.00 mg/kg和186.00 mg/kg,且不含有对人体有害的Cd,Hg,Pb。对幼虫进行氨基酸评价,其必需氨基酸指数为114.71。与目前常见的蛋白源相比较,洋虫是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、氨基酸含量较全面且富含矿物质和微量元素的昆虫资源。     

金边地鳖营养成分分析与评价

本文主要对金边地鳖Opisthoplata orientalis Buron的一般营养成分,氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成及含量和矿物质元素进行了分析测试。结果表明：粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分和灰分的含量分别是：80%、112%、377%、493%;含有18种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量39378861mg/100g,其中8种必需氨基酸和2种半必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的471%,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的比值为062,符合FAO推荐的理想蛋白模式;脂肪酸有11种,其中7种不饱和脂肪酸占总油脂的7478%,不饱和脂肪酸中的油酸含量高达613%;检测的5种常量元素和5种微量元素中K、P、Mg、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Cu 8种元素含量较为丰富,Fe含量较少,含有有益元素Se。作为传统的中药昆虫,金边地鳖同时还具有丰富的营养成分,是具有深入开发和利用价值的药用及食用昆虫。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.