人工养殖地鳖虫

人工养殖地鳖虫卢康（江苏省睢宁县高作镇中学２２１２３１）地鳖虫也叫“土鳖”、“土元”、“魔虫”,属节肢动物门,昆虫纲,蜚镰目,鳖镰科。其性寒,味咸,药用价值极高,能舒筋活血,接骨止疼,通经活络,消肿化瘀,催乳等。是中医各科常用的药材。以前全靠野生,人...     

中华真地鳖中肠主要消化酶的活性研究

以中华真地鳖EupolyphagasinensisWalker为研究材料,测定人工饲养和野生地鳖虫在不同生长阶段消化酶的活性以及温度及pH对人工饲养地鳖虫中肠消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在地鳖虫生长发育过程中,蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随发育而逐渐增强,淀粉酶活性却随发育而逐渐减弱。在低龄若虫、高龄若虫和成虫阶段,人工饲养地鳖虫蛋白酶活力比野生地鳖虫低,人工饲养地鳖虫淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力比野生地鳖虫高;在30～60℃的范围内,人工饲养地鳖虫蛋白酶、淀粉酶的适宜温度范围为40～50℃,脂肪酶的适宜温度范围为35～45℃;蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的适宜pH范围分别为6.5～7.5,5.6～6.4和7.5～8.5。     

地鳖虫的利用价值及其开发前景

系统地介绍了地鳖虫的生物学特性及其食用与药用价值.对地鳖虫的药理作用及其机理进行了论述与归类,并就地鳖虫的今后研究与发展方向做了展望.     

地鳖虫对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

研究中华真地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker免疫调节作用。经口给予小鼠1.89、3.78、7.56g/kg/d地鳖虫水煎萃取物,观察其对4周喂养小鼠免疫调节作用。地鳖虫水煎萃取物对小鼠廓清指数和吞噬指数明显增高;血清溶血素抗体滴度水平增加,小鼠脾细胞抗体生成有促进作用;中、高剂量组NO含量极显著高于空白对照组,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性只有高剂量组高于对照。试验结果表明地鳖虫对机体免疫有提高的作用,说明地鳖虫具有免疫调节功能,具有较高的资源开发利用价值。     

地鳖虫蛋白提取物对小鼠S180肉瘤及鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的抑制作用

用不同浓度的地鳖虫蛋白粗提物(0.2~0.8g/ml)作用于S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠,观察各组的抑瘤效果及重要生理指标的差异;同时分别用地鳖虫蛋白粗提物以及经过盐析、离子交换层析、分子筛由地鳖虫蛋白粗提物分离纯化得到的活性蛋白,作用于鸡胚尿囊膜,观察它们对新生血管生成的抑制作用。结果显示,地鳖虫蛋白粗提物对S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠有显著的抑瘤作用;蛋白质粗提物以及纯化得到的活性蛋白对鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管的生成有明显的抑制作用,纯化品的抑制活性高于粗品,且二者对鸡胚生长发育的影响较阳性对照(地塞米松组)小,差异显著。因此,地鳖虫蛋白提取物有良好的体内抑瘤作用及血管生成抑制活性。     

地鳖虫活性物质的超临界CO_2萃取及其药效

应用超临界流体萃取技术萃取地鳖虫Eupolyphaga sinensisWalker活性物质,采用三因素三水平正交试验方案,考察压力、温度、时间等参数对萃取地鳖虫活性物质萃取量的影响。同时,对萃取产物与水提物进行药效比较。结果表明,在试验设计范围内,萃取压力18 MPa、温度55℃、时间90 min为最佳工艺参数组合,地鳖虫活性物质萃取量最大能达到62.50 mg/g,影响萃取量三因素主次关系为压力>温度>时间。地鳖虫超临界萃取产物对镇痛、消炎和抗凝血有较好的效果,相对于水提物有更好的发展潜力。     

地鳖虫HPLC指纹图谱研究

地鳖虫Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker系我国传统的活血化瘀虫药之一,应用历史久远、疗效确切,但是其质量控制长期处于主观经验水平。为了建立地鳖虫指纹图谱,本研究采用高效液相色谱法(Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱,150×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(含0.05%三氟乙酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,柱温35℃,流速1 m L/min,上样量5μL,通过"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012 130723版)"软件对10批不同来源的地鳖虫进行相似度评价,筛选指纹特征峰。结果 10批不同来源的地鳖虫与对照指纹图谱的相似度为0.900-0.995,说明样品有较高的一致性,质量较好,确定了18个共有峰作为指纹峰。该指纹图谱建立方法简便、可靠,可定性用于地鳖虫药材的质量控制。     

基于透视图像亮度自动控制三种调整方法的研讨

目的研讨透视图像亮度自动控制应用的三种剂量率调整方法。方法自动调整毫安值、自动调整仟伏值、自动调整毫安和仟伏值。结果有助于保持最佳透视图像成像质量,提高临床诊断效率。结论采用自动仟伏调整和自动毫安、仟伏调整不失为行之有效的方法     

地鳖虫纤溶活性蛋白cDNA序列克隆与毕赤酵母表达

依据已报道的地鳖虫成熟肽cDNA序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR法从地鳖虫(Eupolyphage sinensis Walker)中克隆得到675 bp地鳖虫纤溶活性蛋白 (fibrinolytic protein,EFP)成熟肽编码序列.将此片段克隆到表达载体pPICZα-A中,转化毕赤酵母GS115,甲醇诱导表达得到重组表达蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳和活性鉴定,表明重组EFP在毕赤酵母中均获得表达,重组表达蛋白相对分子质量为28.2 kD,表达产物分子质量与理论分子质量相符.重组蛋白在毕赤酵母中以分泌形式表达,具有纤溶活性.     

中华真地鳖生物学特性初步研究

中华真地鳖Eupolyphagesinensis系夜出性昆虫 ,其活动主要发生在夜间 ,1 9～ 2 4时活动最盛 ,且蜕皮高峰主要集中在后半夜。该文描述了初龄若虫的形态特征 ,对若虫的发育历期、蜕皮时间及卵鞘的孵化进行了研究 ,并比较了中华真地鳖若虫的消化道 ,提出了地鳖虫食品开发的流程 ;同时简要论述了地鳖虫基础研究及药用和食用开发过程中存在的问题     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism