油菜菌核病危害损失的初步研究

本文就油菜菌核病病情、发病期及发病部位与油菜产量损失的相互关系进行了模似研究。结果表明：病斑绕茎度是影响产量的主要因素,其大小与产量损失成正相关,而病斑纵向长度与产量损失无明显相关性;发病期不同产量差异显著,以初花期发病产量损失最重,发病期与产量损失线性相关,可利用线性回归方程对产量损失进行预测;主茎发病部位愈近基部,枝条发病部位愈趋于主茎,单株产量损失率愈高。     

春油菜菌核病气象因素分析及预报

研究了春油菜菌核病与生长期间气象因子间的关系，分析了气象因子对春油菜菌核病发病情况的影响，利用气象因子建立了菌核病预报模型．     

甘蓝型油菜对菌核病抗耐病性的育种潜力研究

用细胞质雄性不育系陕 2 A、波里马 A(Pol A)、1 763A与 92 P187、垦 C1、垦 C8、L4 54个恢复系进行不完全双列杂交 ,以其 F1代为试验材料 ,在菌核病田间自然萌发和人工接种菌核病菌的条件下 ,调查了各组合的发病率和病情指数 ,估算了亲本及其组合抗 (耐 )菌核病的配合力效应。结果表明 :1 1 2个杂交种抗 (耐 )病性差异较大 ,以陕 2 A为母本的组合表现出较强的抗 (耐 )病性。 2油菜抗 (耐 )菌核病遗传是由基因的加性效应和非加性效应共同控制的 ;杂种抗 (耐 )病性的变异 ,遗传的作用是主要的 ,而在遗传作用中显性作用又是主要的。 3陕 2 A病情指数的遗传负效应值较高 ,具有作为抗源亲本的育种潜力。 4根据配合力总效应值评价组合 ,认为陕 2 A×垦 C8、陕 2 A×垦 C1、1 763A×垦 C8、陕 2 A× L4 5、Pol A×垦 C1、Pol A× 92P187是抗 (耐 )菌核病较强的杂交组合     

油菜菌核病病斑扩展的动态模型

油菜菌核病主茎上病斑长度和面积的扩展与时间间的关系极相关,同一植株上、下部病斑扩展动态无明显差异,中、高两种肥力条件对主茎同一部位病斑扩展动态无明显影响,相对较低的湿度与病斑扩展相关不显著．     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与菌核病扩展的关系

通过对N、P、K不同水平的施肥条件下的“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物等与菌核病扩展间关系的研究,建立了27个数字模型,表明总氮、水溶性糖、含磷量、蛋氨酸、精氨酸、含水量与病斑扩展有密切关系,其次是甘氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、苹果酸和酰胺氮等．     

甘蓝型油菜叶表皮蜡质组分及结构与菌核病抗性关系

本试验选用6个抗病性不同的甘蓝型油莱品种,研究其叶表皮蜡质组成及结构与菌核病抗性的关系。结果表明,抗病品种在去除叶表皮蜡质后病情指数显著增加;感病品种无显著变化。不同抗性品种（系）间除酯类组分含量无显著差异外,其余蜡质组分含量差异显著。相关分析表明,蜡质组分中酯类含量与病情指数呈显著负相关关系,醇类、酮类含量与病情指数呈显著正相关,其余组分和蜡质总量与病情指数无显著相关关系。抗性品种叶表皮蜡质中烷类及酯类所占比重较高,而易感品种酮类比重较高。扫描电镜结果显示,抗病品种（系）的蜡质晶体主要为颗粒状、杆状、丝状;而感病品种（系）的蜡质晶体中不规则片状晶体所占比例较大。这些结果说明油菜叶表皮蜡质的组分及结构可能是抗病品种抵抗和延迟病原菌侵入的机制之一。     

茉莉酸和乙烯信号途径参与了油菜菌核病防卫反应

茉莉酸(JA)和乙烯(ET)介导的信号防卫反应在植物抗病性方面具有重要作用。用核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)分别接种甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)抗病品种中双9号和感病品种84039,通过荧光定量RT-PCR方法探测JA和ET的关键合成基因及其信号途径标志基因的相对表达水平。结果显示,S.sclerotiorum在这两个品种中都能够诱导这些基因的表达,并且这些基因的相对表达水平在中双9号中显著高于84039;甲基茉莉酸(MeJA)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)的药理学实验结果显示JA和ET信号反应能够相互促进,并且JA和ET信号反应本身存在自我放大的功能。这些结果表明茉莉酸和乙烯信号转导途径参与了甘蓝型油菜菌核病防卫反应。     

钴在油菜中的积累分布及其对光合作用的影响

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)幼苗为材料,分别采用不同浓度的钴(0、10、25、50、100mg.kg-1)土培处理7d,研究钴在油菜体内的分布规律及钴对叶片光合色素含量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:(1)油菜的根、茎、叶均可以吸收积累一定量的钴,油菜对钴的富集量与土壤中的钴含量呈显著正相关,不同器官对钴的积累量存在显著差异,表现为:根>茎>叶,且老叶>嫩叶。(2)土壤中钴浓度为10mg.kg-1时,油菜叶片的色素含量和净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率等光合气体交换参数比对照均显著增加,此后随着钴浓度的增加各参数均显著下降,即钴对油菜光合作用的影响表现出低浓度促进高浓度显著抑制的效应。(3)叶绿素荧光分析表明,钴处理显著影响了油菜叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的结构和功能,高浓度钴处理显著抑制了PSⅡ反应中心的活性。     

“黄鳝籽”油菜植株内含物与菌核病扩展的关系

通过对中、高两种肥力下“黄鳝籽”油菜植株内含物与菌核病扩展间关系的研究,建立了12个数字模型．说明高肥田油菜病斑长、宽和面积与含水量及水溶性糖密切相关;其次是精氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和组氨酸;中肥田油菜病斑长、宽和面积与精氨酸、天门冬氨酸密切相关;其次是水溶性糖、水溶性蛋白和硬脂酸．高、中肥田同株主茎上、下部病斑及不同株同一部位病斑扩展动态均无明显差异．     

雄性不育杂种油菜干物质积累与养分吸收规律研究

对雄性不育杂种油菜杂３７、杂３５与常规油菜品种Ｓ７５－１干物质积累、养分吸收累积进行比较研究表明,供试杂交种较常规品种营养生长、生殖生长的对氮、磷、钾素吸收累积均具有优势。不同品种氮素吸收累量与干物质及磷、钾素吸收累积量间有不同的数量相关关系。杂交种籽粒产量与常规品种籽粒产量差异达到ＬＳＲ０．０１极显著水平。     

稀土元素对植物的生物效应及其作用机理

综述了稀土元素对植物根系发育、生物量、品质和抗逆性的影响.适量稀土浓度可促进植物生长,提高种子萌发能力和根系发育,提高植物生物量,并改善植物果实的品质.施用适量稀土元素还可以增强植物的抗逆性并且对一些植物病害有一定防治作用.介绍了植物对稀土元素的吸收特性和稀土元素在植物体内的含量、分布、存在形式及细胞定位.重点探讨了稀土元素对植物光合作用、叶绿素形成、植物吸收营养元素、稀土元素与钙相关性和稀土元素对细胞膜及酶的作用机理,内容包括稀土元素可提高植物叶绿素含量,增强光合效率,从而增加植物生物量.适量的稀土元素能够促进植物对营养元素的吸收、转化和利用.稀土元素有类似钙的功能,可置换出酶中的钙离子而参与酶的反应.稀土离子可以维持细胞膜的透性和稳定性,提高膜的保护功能,增强植物对不良环境的抵御能力.最后,对稀土元素的研究前景进行了展望.     

稀土对蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量的影响

采用滤纸接触染毒法,分别进行了氯化稀土、氯化镧与土居动物蚯蚓接触染毒不同时间和不同浓度的试验。研究其对蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量的影响变化。结果表明。Re、La对蚯蚓体内的氨基酸含量影响较显著,在低浓度时总体表现为促进蚯蚓体内氨基酸的形成,而在高浓度状态下则使蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量下降,产生抑制作用,两种稀土在400mg·L^-1浓度时,蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量除脯氨酸外开始上升,随着作用时间延长,氨基酸含量逐渐下降,在100～1200mg·L^-1浓度范围,两种稀土均引起蚯蚓体内脯氨酸含量的下降,产生抑制作用。     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤—铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）测定了东西赣南地区非稀土矿区和4处不同稀土矿区内,土壤－铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究,结果表明,土训层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集、稀土元素总量（∑REE）在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄,稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏。     

长期喷施稀土对土壤-植物(小麦)系统中稀土元素分布、累积及运移的影响

在我国施用稀土时间最长的黑龙江省花园农场,研究比较了施用稀土12 a和不施稀土的对照处理上小麦和土壤中的稀土元素的分布、累积及运移.结果表明,长期叶面喷施稀土并未造成耕层土壤和下部土层的稀土元素的累积.成熟期小麦植株各部位的稀土元素含量顺序为根>叶>茎、壳;稀土元素主要累积在根部,其次是叶,茎和壳累积较少.喷施处理小麦根部的稀土元素累积量高于对照,叶部也有此趋势,而茎、壳等部位差异不大.根、茎、叶、壳稀土元素分布模式与土壤中相似,与施用的常乐稀土差别较大;长期喷施稀土未曾造成籽粒中稀土元素的明显累积.     

Investigation on arteriosclerosis among population in a rare earth area in South China

An ophthalmofunduscope was used to investigate arteriosclerosis among villagers aged 20–40 yr old in two rare earth areas in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province. It was noted that the occurrence of arteriosclerosis of the fundus aculi was significantly high (P < 0.05-0.01), the detection of serum cholesterol (CHO) was remarkably increased (P < 0.01), and the level of IgM was also elevated. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) remained at a low level. The effect of taking rare earth elements (REE) could be direct or indirect, thus causing an increase in cholesterol and interfering with the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, rare earth could also cause immunogenic damage to the vascular wall. All of these could facilitate the formation of arteriosclerosis.     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤-铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了江西赣南地区非稀土矿区和处不同稀土矿区内,土壤-铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gy、Db、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究.结果表明,土壤剖面层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集.稀土元素总量(∑REE)在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土元素的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为:叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式:叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄.稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏.     

Efficient guanylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines catalyzed by cyclopentadienyl-free rare earth metal amides

Diamido-supported rare earth metal amides with the general formula {(CH₂SiMe₂)[(2,6-ⁱPr₂C₆H₃)N]₂}LnN(SiMe₃)₂(THF) [(Ln = Yb(1), Y(2), Dy(3), Sm (4), Nd (5)] were found to be highly efficient catalysts for the guanylation of both aromatic and heterocyclic amines under mild conditions. It is found that these catalysts are compatible with a wide range of substituents such as ⁱPr, Me, and MeO having electron-donating property and substituents such as Cl, Br, and O₂N having electron-withdrawing property on the aromatic rings of the aromatic or the heterocyclic amines. The methodology has also the advantages of easy preparation of the catalysts, quick conversion of the substrates to products, mild reaction conditions, and low catalyst loading.     

Isolation and characterization of rare earth element-binding protein in roots of maize

Rare earth element-binding protein was isolated from maize, which was grown under greenhouse conditions and characterized in terms of molecular weight, amino acid composition, and ultraviolet absorption. The molecular weight of the maize protein was determined to be 183,000, with two distinct subunits of approximately molecular weights of 22,000 and 69,000, respectively. The protein is particularly rich in asparagine/aspartic acid, glutamine/glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and leucine and contains 8.0% of covalently bound carbohydrate. The ultraviolet absorption of the protein is low at 280 nm and no change in the adsorption was observed with a change in pH. Compared to the unique features of the metallothioneins with a molecular weight of approximately 10,000, a high cysteine content of 30%, high absorption at 254 nm and a low absorption at 280 nm, and absorption change with pH, the REE-binding protein is unlikely to be plant metallothionein in nature. It was found that an almost twofold greater concentration was found for most of the REEs in the protein isolated from the maize with REE fertilizer use than that without REE fertilizer. This study suggests that the REE-binding protein is a glycoprotein and REEs can be firmly bound with the protein of maize roots.     

Distribution pattern of rare earth elements in fern

All the lanthanide elements (REE) in fern (Matteuccia) and in soil were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in order to discuss REE behavior in fern. The fern sample was divided into three parts: root, stem, and leaf; the soil of the same site was also sampled and the soil sample was divided into two parts: HCl and HNO₃ soluble part (soil[HCl]) and HF soluble part (soil[HF]). REE in each part was determined by ICP-MS after solvent extraction separation. The overall variation of the REE pattern of the root does not resemble that of the whole soil, but that of the HF soluble part. A tetrad effect variation (W-type) was found in the REE patterns of root, stem and leaf; more conspicuous tetrad effect variation was observed in HREE region than in LREE region, and was so in stem and leaf than in root. Negative anomalies of Ce were observed in the REE patterns of root, stem and leaf, with bigger anomalies in stem and leaf than in root. The results of this study suggest that REE in fern has come from silicates of soil and has once been in dissolved state.     

Fusion of human erythrocytes induced by uranyl acetate and rare earth metals

Incubation of human erythrocytes with either uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺) or rare earth metals (La³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺ and Yb³⁺) at 37°C for 30–45 min resulted in the fusion of erythrocytes. Redistribution of membrane-associated particles was observed using colloidal-iron charge labelling and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The fusion of erythrocytes induced by these agents, unlike Ca²⁺, did not exhibit the absolute requirement for phosphate. Moreover, agglutination and fusion by these agents was observed in neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes in contrast to Ca²⁺- and phosphate-induced fusion. Inhibitors of intrinsic transglutaminase activity partially inhibited (35–45%) the fusion induced by UO₂²⁺ suggesting that cross-linking of membrane proteins results in protein-free areas of lipid where fusion may be initiated.