基于芽苗砧嫁接油茶砧穗创伤后内源激素动态变化分析

为研究油茶(Camellia oleifera A)嫁接时穗条和砧木创伤后内源激素动态变化规律,解析影响砧穗嫁接面愈合的生理机制,为油茶砧穗愈合生长机理提供理论支持。以树龄6年的长林18号和53号的穗条和实生砧木为材料,按照芽苗砧嫁接方法切割穗条S0(0 min)、S10(10 min)、S40(40 min)和砧木茎段Z0(0 min)、Z10(10 min)后,利用液质联用法(HPLC-MS)测定吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、反式玉米素(TZR)、玉米素(Zeatin)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量,分析不同时间段内源激素变化及品种间差异的关系。结果显示:创伤后18号的TZR、Zeatin和SA含量总体高于53号;18号IAA、SA和JA逐渐下降;TZR和Zeatin分别在S10和S0达最高值后下降;ABA在S10达最高值。53号IAA和JA爱S10达最高值后下降;TZR、Zeatin和SA在S10达低值后逐渐上升;ABA在S0达高值后逐渐下降。砧木茎段创伤前后激素含量除JA外18号高于53号;两品种Z0时激素含量下降,Z10后上升,仅53号ABA和SA含量在Z0达高值后下降。砧木茎段和根部激素含量在品种间除JA外18号高于53号,茎段的IAA、ABA高于根部,其他激素为根部高于茎段。激素比值在品种间和部位间差异明显;IAA/ABA、IAA/TZR、IAA/Zeatin和IAA/JA、ABA/TZR、ABA/Zeatin和ABA/JA比值为53号高于18号;穗条内SA/IAA为18号高于53号,SA/JA和SA/ABA为53号高于18号;砧木茎段均为18号高于53号;TZR/SA、TZR/JA比值在穗条和砧木茎段为18号高于53号。两品种创伤后IAA与JA极显著正相关,而IAA与SA,SA与JA在18号极显著正相关,53号极显著或显著负相关;53号TZR、Zeatin、SA间极显著或显著正相关,JA与TZR、Zeatin和SA极显著负相关。砧木茎段创伤后18号激素间为极显著或显著正相关;53号TZR和Zeatin与IAA、JA极显著正相关,与SA存在显著负相关,SA与JA有显著负相关。砧木茎段和根部间品种间仅在SA与各激素间相关性存在差异,其他激素间存在极显著正相关或负相关。综上所述,砧穗创伤后激素水平上18号在创伤面易于愈伤组织发育,而53号抗逆激素水平较高且与细胞分裂增殖类激素负相关,可能影响53号嫁接后愈合生长;嫁接应在创伤后10 min内较为适宜;砧穗间激素含量及比值的差异可能会影响后期嫁接部位形态重建以及穗条生长。     

Comparative analysis of allele polymorphism of three short tandem repeats in the Russian, Uzbek and Georgian populations

The allele polymorphism of the AGC short tandem repeat (STR) of exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene located in Xq11-12, ATCT STR of intron 40 of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene located in chromosome 12p12, and AGAT STR of an anonymous DNA sequence (STRX1) from the short arm of the X chromosome was analyzed in the Georgian, Uzbek, and Russian populations. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA of unrelated persons revealed 14 AR, 7 vWF, and 7 STRX1 alleles in Georgians; 14, 8, and 6 alleles, respectively, in Uzbeks; and 16, 8, and 9 alleles, respectively, in Russians. The heterozygosity at these STR was 0.61, 0.78, and 0.46 in Georgians; 0.60, 0.83, and 0.44 in Uzbeks; and 0.80, 0.70, and 0.58 in Russians. The correspondence of genotype frequencies to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed with AR STR in Russians and Uzbeks, STRX1 STR in Georgians, and vWF in all three populations. A significant deviation from the equilibrium was found for STRX1 in Russians and Uzbeks and AR in Georgians. The potential of individualization was 0.05 for AR, 0.13 for vWF, and 0.18 for STRX1 in Georgians; 0.04, 0.09, and 0.13, respectively in Uzbeks; and 0.05, 0.14, and 0.07, respectively, in Russians. The allele and genotype frequency distributions of each STR were analyzed in all three populations. Allele frequencies in the populations were compared by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Russian population significantly differed in allele frequencies of the three STR from Uzbeks and in those of STRX1 and AR from Georgians. Georgians and Uzbeks significantly differed in vWF and STRX1 frequencies. The possibility of using the three STR in molecular diagnosis of the corresponding monogenic diseases, population genetic studies, and personal identification is discussed.     

猪激素敏感脂酶和甘油三酯水解酶基因组织表达特性研究

以八眉猪为研究对象,采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法对猪激素敏感酯酶(HSL)和甘油三酯水解酶(TGH)基因组织表达特点进行了研究。RT-PCR半定量检测显示,HSL基因的mRNA在检测的7种组织中都有表达,其中在脂肪组织表达量较高,中等程度表达于心脏、肝脏、肺、脾和肾脏。TGH基因在7种组织也均有表达,其中肝脏和脂肪组织表达量较高,心脏和肾脏次之,脾脏和肺脏表达量较低。Western blot检测显示,HSL基因在大网膜脂肪和皮下脂肪表达量最高,而在肾脏中没有检测到表达,其他组织中中度表达;TGH基因在大网膜脂肪、皮下脂肪、肝脏、肺脏和脾脏组织中表达,其中在脂肪组织和肝脏组织中表达量最高,而在心脏和肾脏中没有检测到表达。以上结果表明:HSL和TGH基因存在转录后调控,这可能与其在不同组织中的功能差异有关。     

崇左金花茶花朵和叶片类黄酮UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析

以崇左金花茶（Camellia chuangtsoensis）为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）联用技术定性定量分析其花朵（花瓣、雄蕊）和叶片（老叶、新叶）中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明,崇左金花茶中共检测到14种类黄酮成分,木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为山茶属金花茶组植物中首次发现,其中槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷主要存在于花朵中,木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶组植物叶片中首次发现,其叶片中含量远低于花朵,老叶中远低于新叶,雄蕊中远低于花瓣;儿茶素和表儿茶素在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素和山萘酚在花朵和叶片中含量均较低。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中含量较高的类黄酮为儿茶素类、木犀草素类和槲皮素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷;叶片中为儿茶素类和木犀草素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中儿茶素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量均高于叶片,且雄蕊高于花瓣;花瓣和雄蕊中槲皮素类远高于叶片,且花瓣中远高于雄蕊。     

广东大中型水库底泥重金属含量特征及潜在生态风险评价

广东省45宗大中型水库底泥重金属含量分析评价结果表明:除Cr外,广东省大中型水库底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量均高于广东省土壤重金属含量背景值.广东省四大地理区域中,粤北地区大中型水库底泥Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd平均含量均为最高,分别为89.71、321.21、154.95mg/kg和1.46mg/kg;其次是粤东和粤中地区;粤西大中型水库底泥Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd平均含量均为最低,但Cr平均含量居四大区域之首,为130.81mg/kg.粤东和粤北大中型水库底泥重金属富集系数以Cd最高;粤中和粤西大中型水库底泥重金属富集系数则以Cu最大.总体而言,粤北大中型水库底泥重金属具有很强的潜在生态风险,粤东和粤中大中型水库底泥重金属潜在生态风险程度为中等;粤西大中型水库底泥重金属属于轻微生态风险程度.结果说明,广东省大部分地区大中型水库底泥的重金属潜在生态风险主要是由于底泥中Cd的潜在生态风险系数过高所造成.人为生产活动,特别是矿产开采造成的污染是广东省大中型水库底泥重金属潜在生态风险等级提高的主要原因.     

中国细石核类型和工艺初探——兼谈与东北亚、西北美的文化联系

通过中国十个重要细石器遗址中细石核的观察,对中国细石核的类型和工艺技术作一初步的区分和综合的比较,以探讨中国细石器传统在时间和空间上的分布特点。同时与发现于东北亚、西北美的细石核进行对比,从它们之间的异同来看这一地区在文化上的传承关系。     

Identification of cells in rat brain and peripheral tissues expressing mRNA for members of the nerve growth factor family

Cells expressing mRNA for hippocampus-derived neurotrophic factor (HDNF/NT-3) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were identified by in situ hybridization. In the rat brain, HDNF mRNA was predominantly found in pyramidal neurons in CA1 and CA2 of the hippocampus. Lower levels of HDNF mRNA were found in granular neurons of the dentate gyrus and in neurons of the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. BDNF mRNA-expressing cells were more widely distributed in the rat brain, with high levels in neurons of CA2, CA3, and the hilar region of the dentate gyrus, in the external and internal pyramidal layers of the cerebral cortex, in the claustrum, and in one brainstem structure. Lower levels were seen in CA1 and in the granular layer of the hippocampus, in the taenia tecta, and in the mammillary complex. In peripheral tissues, HDNF mRNA was found in glomerular cells in the kidney, secretory cells in the male rat submandibular gland, and epithelial cells in secondary and tertiary follicles in the ovary. Cells expressing BDNF mRNA were found in the dorsal root ganglia, where neurons of various sizes were labeled.     

Seasonal patterns in feeding ecology of three small fishes in the Biandantang Lake, China

Feeding ecology of three small fish species, Hypseleotris swinhonis, Ctenogobius giurinus and Pseudorasbora parva was studied seasonally in the Biandantang Lake, a small, shallow lake in central China. Gut length, adjusted for total body length, was significantly higher in spring than in other seasons for all the three species. Seasonal changes in gut length were not associated with changes in food quality. Weight of fore-gut contents, adjusted for body weight, was significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn in H. swinhonis and C. giurinus , and significantly higher in autumn than in spring and summer for P. parva. Percentage of empty fore-guts was highest in summer and lowest in spring for H. swinhonis and C. giurinus , and highest in winter and lowest in autumn for P. parva. Diet of the three small fishes showed apparent seasonal changes, and these changes reflected partly the seasonal fluctuations of food resources in environment. Diet breadth was high in winter and low in autumn for H. swinhonis , high in winter and low in spring and summer for C. giurinus , and high in autumn and low in spring for P. parva. Diet overlaps between pairs of species were biologically significant in most cases, except between H. swinhonis and P. parva in summer and autumn and between C. giurinus and P. parva in autumn.     

Immunohistochemical localization of a thyroid hormone-binding protein (p55) in human tissues

We have localized p55, a thyroid hormone-binding protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum in cultured cells, in samples of normal human and monkey tissues, using a monoclonal antibody with cryostat sections and immunoperoxidase histochemistry. Large amounts of p55 were found in many tissues, generally corresponding to the amount of endoplasmic reticulum contained in each cell type. Intense localization of p55 was found in cells of the anterior and intermediate pituitary lobes, in epithelial cells of thyroid follicles, in the glandular epithelium of mammary gland, in hepatocytes, in Paneth cells and Brunner's glands in duodenum, in acinar cells of pancreas, in adrenal cortical cells, and in scattered interstitial fibroblastic cells in many tissues. These results suggest a potential role for thyroid hormone and p55 in regulating protein synthesis or secretion in multiple organs.     

湖北后河国家级自然保护区生物多样性及其保护对策 Ⅰ.生物多样性现状及其研究

湖北后河国家级自然保护区位于湖北、湖南交界处的五峰县境内,属武陵山东段余脉山地,为我国地势的第二阶梯向第三阶梯的过渡地带,是我国三大物种特有中心之一的川东-鄂西特有中心和第三纪古植物的孑遗中心的重要组成成分之一。该区拥有丰富的生物多样性,尤以第三纪孑遗珍稀濒危植物集中分布群落为典型特征。该区地貌复杂,海拔落差大,微生境复杂多变,拥有从低山河谷常绿阔叶林到亚高山灌丛或草甸等多种生态系统和多种植被类型。目前已知该区有陆生脊椎动物25目74科306种,占湖北省总种数的63.5%和全国总种数的13.0%,其中有51种国家重点保护野生动物和70种湖北省级重点保护动物;已知该区维管植物有194科819属2088种,占湖北省总种数的34.4%和全国总数的7.5%,属国家特有、珍稀濒危或重点保护的植物约有70余种;已知藓类植物33科90属192种和叶附生苔类植物3科7属7种,分别占全国总种数的9.8%和4.2%。该区不仅拥有丰富的动植物区系成分多样性,而且具有高度的群落物种多样性和经济类型多样性。尽管该区的生物多样性研究得到长足发展,但主要集中在物种种类的调查与区系成分研究和少数群落格局物种多样性研究,而遗传多样性方面的研究十分欠缺。物种多样性研究也不平衡,昆虫类和苔藓植物的调查刚起步,真菌资源、淡水鱼类等尚未开展研究。     

不同季节高原鼢鼠乳酸脱氢酶活力和同工酶谱

目的:探讨高原鼢鼠对洞道低氧高二氧化碳环境的代谢适应机制。方法:用酶活力分析法,分析春季、夏季和秋季高原鼢鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力、乳酸含量和组织LDH活力,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析血清和组织LDH同工酶谱。结果:高原鼢鼠血清LDH活力在春夏秋三季具有明显的差异,春季高于夏季,夏季高于秋季,血清乳酸含量表现出同样的变化趋势;春季血清中五种同工酶条带都清晰可见,夏季血清中LDH5和LDH4清晰可见,秋季血清中只能看见LDH5带。骨骼肌、心肌和脑组织LDH活力较高,而且从春季到秋季显著降低;肝、肾和肺组织LDH活力较低,肝组织LDH活力春季显著高于夏季和秋季,夏秋两季之间没有明显差异;肾和肺组织LDH活力在春季与夏季之间没有明显差异,但秋季明显降低。心、肝、肺、肾、脑和肌肉组织LDH同工酶谱,在春夏秋三季都显示出五条带,并表现出明显的组织差异;各组织同工酶含量也有不同程度的季节差异。结论:高原鼢鼠体内糖酵解过程具有明显的季节性变化,从春季到秋季依次降低,这与它们的季节性活动特点和洞道中氧气和二氧化碳的季节性波动有关。     

Metabolism of purine nucleosides and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in thymocytes and splenocytes of various mammalian species

1. Activities of ADA, PNP and AK were measured in splenocytes and thymocytes of newborn children, young horses, pigs, sheep, rats and mice and compared with the activities previously found in peripheral lymphocytes. 2. With all species, except horse, the activity of ADA (per 10(6) cells) was higher in thymocytes than in lymphocytes. Activity of ADA was highest in splenocytes of pig and sheep. Activity of ADA was lowest in all lymphoid cells of the horse and only about 10% of the activity in human splenocytes and lymphocytes. 3. With all species, except horse, the activity of PNP was lower in thymocytes than in lymphocytes. Activity of PNP was highest in human lymphocytes and lowest in ovine thymocytes. 4. Activity of AK is comparable in thymocytes of all species and always lower than the ADA activity. In splenocytes of man, horse and pig the activity of AK is comparable to that in thymocytes. 5. Activity of deoxyguanosine kinase was lowest in rat thymocytes and highest in those of man. 6. When enzyme activities are expressed per milligram of protein, the differences between thymocytes and lymphocytes are less pronounced. 7. Activity of PRPP synthetase per 10(6) cells was comparable in thymocytes, splenocytes and lymphocytes of the same species and between the various species. 8. The concentration of PRPP was lowest in ovine thymocytes and higher in splenocytes than in thymocytes of the same species, except man.     

Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change: IX. Spatiotemporal change characteristics of China agricultural climate resources

Based on the 1961-2007 ground surface meteorological data from 558 meteorological stations in China, this paper analyzed the differences of agricultural climate resources in China different regions, and compared the change characteristics of the agricultural climate resources in 1961-1980 (period I) and 1981-2007 (period II), taking the year 1981 as the time node. As compared with period I, the mean annual temperature in China in period II increased by 0.6 degrees C, and the > or = 0 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and the > or = 10 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of thermophilic crops increased averagely by 123.3 degrees C x d and 125.9 degrees C x d, respectively. In 1961-2007, the mean annual temperature increased most in Northeast China, and the > or = 10 degrees C active accumulated temperature in the growth periods of thermophilic crops increased most in South China. The whole year sunshine hours and the sunshine hours in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and of thermophilic crops in period II decreased by 125.7 h, 32.2 h, and 53.6 h, respectively, compared with those in period I. In 1961-2007, the annual sunshine hours decreased most in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, while the sunshine hours in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops and of thermophilic crops decreased most in North China and South China, respectively. In the whole year and in the growth periods of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops, both the precipitation and the reference crop evapotranspiration in this country all showed a decreasing trend, with the largest decrement in the precipitation in the whole year and in the growth periods of chimonophilous and thermophilic crops in North China, the largest decrement in the reference crop evapotranspiration in the whole year and in the growth periods of thermophilic crops in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and the largest decrement in the reference crop evapotranspiration in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops in Northwest China. In 1961-2007, the climate in China in the whole year and in the growth periods of thermophilic crops showed an overall tendency of warm and dry, and the climate in the growth periods of thermophilic crops became warm and dry in Southwest China, North China, and Northeast China, but warm and wet in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Northwest China, and South China, whereas the climate in the growth periods of chimonophilous crops became warm and dry in North China, but became warm and wet in Northwest China.     

Control of hydatid disease in Wales.

OBJECTIVES--To evaluate the success of the south Powys hydatid control programme by analysis of trends in cystic disease in humans and sheep and dog infestation. DESIGN--A review of hospital admissions for human hydatid disease in 1984-90, abattoir prevalence surveys of hydatid cysts in adult sheep, arecoline acetarsol and coproantigen surveys of prevalence of Echinococcus infestation in dogs. SETTING--All hospitals in England and Wales, three abattoirs, and dog populations in mid ands south east Wales. SUBJECTS--Residents of England and Wales admitted to hospital between 1984 and 1990 with a new diagnosis of human hydatid disease (International Classification of Diseases (ICD), ninth revision, code 122) acquired in the United Kingdom. RESULTS--The average annual incidence of human hydatid disease in Powys, mid-Wales, fell from 3.9x10(-5) in 1974-83 to 2.3x10(-5) in 1984-90. Age specific incidence rates in Wales declined over this period only in children, and no cases occurred in children (<15 years) in Powys. Two Welsh children who lived in Gwent and mid-Glamorgan were infected. Prevalence of hydatid cysts in old sheep from south Wales declined during the control period, but in 1993 prevalence of cysts was 13%. Prevalence of E granulosus infestation was zero in the control area in 1993, but it was 2.4% in Powys dogs outside the control area in 1989 and 9.2% in dogs in Gwent in 1991. CONCLUSIONS--Human hydatid disease has been successfully controlled in south Powys but cystic echinococcosis is still endemic in sheep in mid-Wales, and there is a focus of infection in humans, sheep, and dogs in the bordering areas of Gwent and mid-Glamorgan. There is considerable potential for an upsurge in human cases if control measures are relaxed.     

桂西壮族文化与植物多样性保护的关系

为深入了解壮族文化多样性与植物资源利用和保护的互动共存状况,采用资料查阅、访谈及实地调查等方法,对桂西壮族不同方面的文化习俗与植物资源利用的关系进行了分析。结果表明:桂西壮族在地域文化、色彩文化、饮食文化和民俗文化等方面均与植物关系密切。用植物命名的自然村有108个,涉及79属88种植物且多数种类具有经济用途;染色植物有17科21属22种,其中茜草科(Rubiaceae)、爵床科(Acanthaceae)和菊科(Asteraceae)种类相对较多;常见的食用野菜有13科31种,以菊科种类最多(12种),唇形科(Lamiaceae)和伞形科(Apiaceae)种类也占一定比例,且食用部位和食用方法多样。民歌中涉及的植物有260多种,多数种类是日常生活中常见的植物,其中包括野菜植物24种、野果植物11种、染料植物7种以及部分药用植物。研究结果显示:壮族文化中的地域文化、色彩文化、饮食文化、民俗文化以及植物崇拜和乡规民俗等对当地的植物资源保护有重要作用,但也受到多种因素的影响,据此提出了相关的植物资源保护和可持续发展对策。     

气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅸ.中国农业气候资源时空变化特征

利用中国558个气象台站1961-2007年地面气象观测资料,分析了不同区域农业气候资源变化的差异,并分析和比较了1961-1980年(时段Ⅰ)和1981-2007年(时段Ⅱ)的农业气候资源变化特征.结果表明： 与时段Ⅰ相比,时段Ⅱ中国年均气温增加了0.6 ℃,喜凉作物生长期内≥0 ℃积温和喜温作物生长期内≥10 ℃积温分别平均增加123.3和125.9℃·d;1961-2007年,年均气温增幅最大的区域是东北地区,喜温作物生长期内≥10 ℃积温增幅最大的是华南地区.对全国而言,与时段Ⅰ相比,时段Ⅱ在全年、喜凉和喜温作物生长期内日照时数分别减少了125.7、32.2和53.6 h;1961-2007年,长江中下游地区年日照时数的减幅最多,喜凉和喜温作物生长期内日照时数减少量最大的地区分别是华北和华南地区;在全年、喜凉和喜温作物生长期内,中国的降水量和参考作物蒸散量总体均表现为减少趋势,其中,华北地区在全年、喜凉和喜温作物生长期内降水量的减幅均最大,长江中下游地区参考作物蒸散量在全年和喜温作物生长期内的减幅最大,西北地区参考作物蒸散量在喜凉作物生长期内的减幅最大.研究期间,中国气候在全年和喜温作物生长期内总体表现为暖干趋势,其中,喜温作物生长期内西南、华北和东北地区为暖干趋势,长江中下游、西北和华南地区为暖湿趋势,喜凉作物生长期内华北地区为暖干趋势,西北地区为暖湿趋势.     

Distributions of sensory spots in the hand and two-point discrimination thresholds in the hand, face and mouth in dental students.

Densities of pressure, pain and temperature spots in the back of the hand in 551 students and two-point discrimination thresholds in the hand, the face and the mouth in 684 students were measured. The mean numbers of pressure, pain, warm and cold spots in the back of the hand were 24.7/cm2, 130.5/cm2, 3.4/cm2 and 9.1/cm2, respectively. The mean thresholds of two-point discrimination were 1.7 mm in the tip of the tongue, 2.4 mm in the upper lip, 5.5 mm in the lower jaw, 7.5 mm in the palm, 8.8 mm in the forehead, and 11.8 mm in the back of the hand. There were mostly no differences between males and females in the values of sensory spots and two-point discrimination thresholds.     

Interaction of mineral elements in sea water and shell of oysters (Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)) cultured in controlled and natural systems

The interaction is reported of selected chemical elements (cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, strontium, and zinc) in cultured sea water, with soft tissues, prismatic calcite of the right valve, and foliated calcite of right and left valves of genetically similar American oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) grown in a natural habitat and in two environmentally controlled experimental systems (flow-through and recycle). The addition of trace elements as algal nutrients in ambient sea water was reflected in higher concentrations of trace metals in shells and soft tissues of oysters grown in experimental systems. Calcium was relatively uniformly distributed in major regions of valves from the three habitats, even though its concentration fluctuated widely in sea water in experimental systems. Magnesium and strontium were most concentrated in valves of oysters grown in the recycle system (magnesium in the prismatic layer of the shell and strontium in the foliated calcite). Iron was uniformly distributed. Cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc were most concentrated in the prismatic calcite of valves from the flow-through system. In soft tissues, calcium was more concentrated in oysters from experimental systems than in those from the natural habitat. Manganese was about equally distributed in soft tissues from the three habitats, whereas copper and iron were more concentrated in soft tissues in experimental systems than in the natural habitat, and were many times more concentrated in soft tissues than in valves from all three habitats. As concentrations of magnesium, strontium, mangenese, zinc, and cadmium increased in valves in experimental systems, pigmentation of valves decreased. The study confirmed the capacity of oysters to concentrate several elements in their valves as concentration of these elements increased in ambient sea water and disclosed the heterogeneous distribution of these elements in major regions of the valves.     

洪湖野菰及其化学成分分析

野菰(Zizania latifolia)是湖北省洪湖中优势水生维管束植物,其群落占全湖355平方公里面积的127平方公里。茎和叶的年生物量为4379克鲜重/平方米,全湖总年产量121700吨干重,目前未被利用。野菰各器官的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别以百分干重表示:根,7.0和4.76;根状茎,11.3和8.85;茎,9.5和7.15;嫩茎梢,22.4和16.53;叶,16.8和14.61。500克干叶的必需氨基酸含量接近100克干重草鱼幼鱼背肌的必需氨基酸含量。脂肪:叶中3.4～4.2,茎中2.2;粗纤维:叶中26.8～28,茎中24.2;灰分:叶中10.0,茎中5.8。菰茎含可溶性糖类30％以上,其中葡萄糖,果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖是主要成分。结果表明野菰是一种优质饲料。     

山东省潍坊地区汉族青少年Heath-Carter法体型研究

应用HeathCarter人体测量法对山东省潍坊地区2511名（男1253名、女1258名）7—19岁的汉族学生进行了体型评定。结果是：城市汉族男生平均体型7—15岁为三胚层中间型,16—18岁为内胚层-中胚层均衡型;乡村男生平均体型7—10岁为中胚层-外胚层均衡型,11—14为偏中胚层的外胚层体型,15—17岁为三胚层中间型,18—19岁为内胚层-中胚层均衡型。城市女生平均体型7—9岁为三胚层中间型,10岁为均衡的内胚层体型,11—12岁为外胚层-中胚层均衡型,13—18岁为均衡的内胚层体型;乡村女生7—12岁为均衡的外胚层体型,13—14岁为内胚层-外胚层均衡型,15—18岁为均衡的内胚层体型。