β-谷甾醇烟酸酯的制备

采用酯化反应,将烟酰氯和β-谷甾醇合成了β-谷甾醇烟酸酯,并用红外光谱和质谱对其进行了分析。结果表明,酯化反应的最优工艺条件为mol(β-甾醇):mol(烟酰氯):mol(吡啶)= 1:3:5;反应温度91℃;反应时间6 h;用95%的乙醇进行重结晶,产率可达到75%以上;红外光谱和质谱分析表明合成产物为β-谷甾醇烟酸酯。     

间溴苯乙醚的合成研究

以间溴苯酚、金属钠和溴乙烷为原料,乙醇为溶剂,碘化钾为催化剂合成了间溴苯乙醚。考察了反应物的摩尔比、反应温度及反应时间对产物收率的影响。实验结果表明:当n(间溴苯酚):n(金属钠):n(溴乙烷):n(碘化钾)=1:1:1.5:0.18,无水乙醇35mL,反应温度70℃,反应时间为5h时,间溴苯乙醚收率为82.6%。     

增容剂甲基丙烯酸丁酯接枝聚丙烯的研究

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为接枝单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用固相接枝技术对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性,制备了BMA接枝PP(PP-g-BMA)。研究了接枝反应工艺条件对接枝率的影响,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱表征与分析了PP-g-BMA,并对PP-g-BMA在PP/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)共混物中的增容作用进行了验证。结果表明,当反应温度为130℃、引发剂的质量分数为6%、单体BMA质量分数为10%,接枝反应3 h,成功制得了接枝率为3.75%PP-g-BMA;PP-g-BMA可明显改善PP/PET共混物的界面相容性,相对于PP-g-BMH,其增容的PP/PET共混物的力学性能和加工流变性能更好。     

交联环糊精的制备及对苯酚吸附性能研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和β-环糊精(β-CD)进行交联反应,制备交联环糊精聚合物(β-CD-TDI)。通过正交试验找到了制备过程的最佳工艺参数为n(环糊精)∶n(异氰酸酯)=1∶9,复配催化剂的质量比为1∶1.5,反应温度70℃;用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热质量分析(TG)和X线衍射(XRD)等方法对交联环糊精聚合物进行了表征。通过拟合20℃条件下交联聚合物吸附苯酚的热力学曲线,发现其热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

微波辐射一步法合成香料富马酸二苄酯的研究

目的:在微波辐射下,以顺丁烯二酸酐和苄醇为原料,在复合催化剂对甲苯磺酸-硫脲存在下以甲苯为带水剂一步合成了富马酸二苄酯.方法:通过熔点测定和红外光谱分析对产物进行了结构表征.采用正交试验法研究了反应物的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、辐射反应时间等对产物收率的影响.结果:实验结果表明,在微波功率为700W,n(顺丁烯二酸酸酐):n(苄醇)=1:5,复合催化剂用量为总投料量的7%,甲苯20mL,一酯化、转化、二酯化的温度分别为140℃、145℃、135℃,回流分水90min的条件下,富马酸二苄酯的收率可达92.50%.结论:采用微波辐射法复合催化合成富马酸二苄酯具有操作简便、反应时间短、产物收率高等特点.     

常压室温等离子体诱变高通量筛选N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖高产突变株

采用新型常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变产N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖工程菌BSGN6,并应用显色法和96孔板培养方法筛选N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖高产突变株.研究表明显色反应时添加四硼酸钾溶液1 μL、PDABA 125 μL、反应时间5 min、反应温度96 ℃时,N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖检测的准确度最高.通过多轮ARTP诱变及高通量筛选最终获得突变株(4A12),3L罐发酵GlcNAc产量达到36.14 g/L,较出发菌株(BSGN6)提高了65.32％.经过50次传代后性状稳定.ARTP诱变技术作为获得产N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖高产菌株的有效途径,与分子生物学手段相比,本方法更加快捷高效.     

免疫检测信号放大抗体偶联物的制备及应用*

目的: 以聚赖氨酸(polylysine,PL)为骨架提高辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP)与羊抗兔IgG的连接数量,比较几种化学偶联剂的偶联效果,通过免疫检测技术对其灵敏度进行检测和比较。方法: 对HRP与PL、聚合物HRP-PL与N-琥珀酰-S-乙酰乙酸(N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate,SATA)和2-亚氨基硫烷(Traut’s)两种试剂、羊抗兔IgG与琥珀酰亚胺基4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯[succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate,Sulfo-SMCC]、活化后羊抗兔IgG及HRP-PL进行摩尔比的优化;对偶联物IgG-PL-HRP及商品化二抗分别进行斑点免疫印迹、ELISA和免疫组化,并计算偶联物IgG-PL-HRP的检测放大倍数。结果: 当PL与HRP摩尔比为1∶5,HRP-PL与Traut’s摩尔比为1∶15,羊抗兔IgG与Sulfo-SMCC摩尔比为1∶30,羊抗兔IgG与HRP-PL摩尔比为1∶10时,反应效率较高;商品化二抗及偶联物IgG-PL-HRP在斑点免疫印迹实验中的最低检测限分别为2.5 μg和312.5 ng,最大稀释倍数分别为50和100倍;在ELISA实验中的最大稀释倍数分别为5 000和20 000倍;在免疫组化实验中偶联物IgG-PL-HRP的检测特异性及强度均大于商品化二抗。结论: 成功合成抗体偶联物IgG-PL-HRP,且免疫检测信号放大倍数为商品化二抗的3~7倍,这对后续免疫诊断及生物学的研究具有重要意义。     

生物可降解聚酯PBS的合成工艺研究

目的:为了提高1,4-丁二醇的附加值和开发新型的生物可降解材料.方法:以钛酸四丁酯为催化剂通过酯化缩聚合成了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS).考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对酯化率的影响.结果:醇酸物质的量比为1∶1.2,催化剂用量为0.6%(质量百分含量),反应温度220℃,反应时间6h,酯化率可达98.7%,平均分子量和分子量分布分别为:Mn=182197,Mw/Mn=1.626406.利用红外谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征确认.     

微波辐射相转移催化合成二烯丙基二硫化物的研究

本文用微波辐射相转移催化法合成了二烯丙基二硫化物,研究了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、相转移催化剂的量以及反应物的摩尔比等因素对产品产率的影响。最佳反应条件为:以蒸馏水为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵作相转移催化剂,n(二硫化钠)∶n(烯丙基氯)=0.65∶1,ω(二硫化钠)∶ω(四丁基溴化铵)=47.67∶1,微波功率195W,微波辐射时间12 min,收率82.2%。证明合成的二烯丙基二硫化物对HepG2细胞具有细胞毒性。     

Her2抗体与MMAE偶联物的制备及生物活性研究

目的:制备Her2抗体与海兔毒素MMAE的偶联物,检测该抗体-药物偶联药物(ADC)对于乳腺癌细胞的抑制作用。方法:将Her2抗体通过一个可降解的linker与小分子毒素(MMAE)连接起来,形成抗体药物偶联物(ADC)。通过细胞学试验检测Her2抗体-MMAE偶联物对于肿瘤细胞抑制、细胞凋亡和细胞周期的作用。结果:通过优化偶联条件,ADC偶联率达80%以上。肿瘤细胞生长抑制的实验显示ADC药物的IC50比单克隆抗体的IC50明显降低,作用效果更加明显。细胞凋亡和细胞周期实验结果表明,ADC药物72h诱导细胞凋亡率高达40%,单一抗体药物则仅为20%。结论:该ADC药物具有很好的抑制乳腺癌细胞的作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.