共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Alien chromosome addition lines have been widely used for identifying gene linkage groups, assigning species-specific characters
to a particular chromosome and comparing gene synteny between related species. In plant breeding, their utilization lies in
introgressing characters of agronomic value. The present investigation reports the production of intergeneric somatic hybrids
Brassica
napus (2n = 38) + Orychophragmus violaceus (2n = 24) through asymmetric fusions of mesophyll protoplasts and subsequent development of B. napus-O. violaceous chromosome addition lines. Somatic hybrids showed variations in morphology and fertility and were mixoploids (2n = 51–67) with a range of 19–28 O. violaceus chromosomes identified by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). After pollinated with B. napus parent and following embryo rescue, 20 BC1 plants were obtained from one hybrid. These exhibited typical serrated leaves of O. violaceus or B. napus-type leaves. All BC1 plants were partially male fertile but female sterile because of abnormal ovules. These were mixoploids (2n = 41–54) with 9–16 chromosomes from O. violaceus. BC2 plants showed segregations for female fertility, leaf shape and still some chromosome variation (2n = 39–43) with 2–5 O. violaceus chromosomes, but mainly containing the whole complement from B. napus. Among the selfed progenies of BC2 plants, monosomic addition lines (2n = 39, AACC + 1O) with or without the serrated leaves of O. violaceus or female sterility were established. The complete set of additions is expected from this investigation. In addition, O. violaceus plants at diploid and tetraploid levels with some variations in morphology and chromosome numbers were regenerated from the
pretreated protoplasts by iodoacetate and UV-irradiation.
Z. Zhao and T. Hu make equal contributions to this work. 相似文献
2.
The wild species Brassica
maurorum Durieu (MM, 2n = 16) is useful for the improvement of Brassica crops. Herein, interspecific reciprocal crosses between B. maurorum and three cultivated Brassica allotetraploids were carried out with the aid of embryo rescue. Trigenomic hybrids with Brassica
napus (AACC, 2n = 38) and Brassica
carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) were produced from reciprocal crosses, but the hybrids with Brassica
juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) were obtained only when B. maurorum was used as female. All the hybrids were morphologically intermediate between their parents, and were male and female sterile.
By in vitro chromosome doubling of the trigenomic hybrids, the allohexaploids (AACC.MM/MM.AACC, 2n = 54; BBCC.MM, 2n = 50; MM.AABB, 2n = 52) were established and characterized for their phenotype and cytology. The fertilities of three allohexaploids were different,
for AACC.MM and MM.AACC failed to produce seeds by selfing, but BBCC.MM showed low seed-set and MM.AABB had good seed-set.
They also expressed variable extents of male meiotic regularity as to chromosome pairing and segregation, with MM.AABB > BBCC.MM > AACC.MM/MM.AACC,
the same order as their fertility. So their meiotic behavior contributed to the fertility. Finally, the potential of these
allohexaploids as a bridge for genetic improvement of Brassica crops was discussed. 相似文献
3.
Muravenko OV Yurkevich OY Bolsheva NL Samatadze TE Nosova IV Zelenina DA Volkov AA Popov KV Zelenin AV 《Genetica》2009,135(2):245-255
Karyotypes of species sects. Linum and Adenolinum have been studied using C/DAPI-banding, Ag-NOR staining, FISH with 5S and
26S rDNA and RAPD analysis. C/DAPI-banding patterns enabled identification of all homologous chromosome pairs in the studied
karyotypes. The revealed high similarity between species L. grandiflorum (2n = 16) and L. decumbens by chromosome and molecular markers proved their close genome relationship and identified the chromosome number in L. decumbens as 2n = 16. The similarity found for C/DAPI-banding patterns between species with the same chromosome numbers corresponds with
the results obtained by RAPD-analysis, showing clusterization of 16-, 18- and 30-chromosome species into three separate groups.
5S rDNA and 26S rDNA were co-localized in NOR-chromosome 1 in the genomes of all species investigated. In 30-chromosome species,
there were three separate 5S rDNA sites in chromosomes 3, 8 and 13. In 16-chromosome species, a separate 5S rDNA site was
also located in chromosome 3, whereas in 18-chromosome species it was found in the long arm of NOR-chromosome 1. Thus, the
difference in localization of rDNA sites in species with 2n = 16, 2n = 30 and 2n = 18 confirms taxonomists opinion, who attributed these species to different sects. Linum and Adenolinum, respectively. The
obtained results suggest that species with 2n = 16, 2n = 18 and 2n = 30 originated from a 16-chromosome ancestor. 相似文献
4.
Many novel lines were established from an intergeneric mixoploid between Brassica rapa (2n = 20) and Orychophragmus violaceus (2n = 24) through successive selections for fertility and viability. Pedigrees of individual F2 plants were advanced to the 10th generation by selfing. Their breeding habit was self-compatible and different from the self-incompatibility
of their female parent B. rapa, and these lines were reproductively isolated to different degrees from B. rapa and B. napus. The lines with high productivity showed not only a wide spectrum of phenotypes but also obvious variations in fatty acid
profiles of seed oil and glucosinolate contents in seed meal. These lines had 2n = 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40, with 2n = 38 being most frequent (64.56%), and no intact O. violaceus chromosomes were detected by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses revealed a high extent of variation
in genomic compositions across all the lines. O. violaceus-specific bands, deleted bands in B. rapa and novel bands for two parents were detected in these lines, with novel bands being the most frequent. The morphological
and genetic divergence of these novel types derived from a single hybrid is probably due to rapid chromosomal evolution and
introgression, and provides new genetic resources for rapeseed breeding. 相似文献
5.
By applying polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast fusion, the first somatic hybrids were obtained between Cyclamen persicum (2n = 2x = 48) and C. coum (2n = 2x = 30)—two species that cannot be combined by cross breeding. Heterofusion was detected by double fluorescent staining with
fluorescein diacetate and scopoletin. The highest heterofusion frequencies (of about 5%) resulted from a protocol using a
protoplast density of 1 × 106/mL and 40% PEG. The DNA content of C. coum was estimated for the first time by propidium iodide staining to be 14.7 pg/2C and was 4.6 times higher than that of C. persicum. Among 200 in vitro plantlets regenerated from fusion experiments, most resembled the C. coum parent, whereas only 5 plants showed typical C. persicum phenotypes and 46 had a deviating morphology. By flow cytometry, six putative somatic hybrids were identified. A species-specific
DNA marker was developed based on the sequence of the 5.8S gene in the ribosomal nuclear DNA and its flanking internal transcribed
spacers ITS1 and ITS2. The hybrid status of only one plant could be verified by the species-specific DNA marker as well as
sequencing of the amplification product. RAPD markers turned out to be less informative and applicable for hybrid identification,
as no clear additivity of the parental marker bands was observed. Chromosome counting in root tips of four hybrids revealed
the presence of the 30 C. coum chromosomes and 2–41 additional ones indicating elimination of C. persicum chromosomes. 相似文献
6.
Xiaoguang Sheng Fan Liu Yuelin Zhu Hong Zhao Li Zhang Bin Chen 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(1):55-62
The gene pool of Brassica oleracea was enriched via intergeneric somatic hybridization between B. oleracea (2n = 18) and Matthiola incana (2n = 14). One hundred and eighteen plants were obtained from 96 calli. Only four plants (H1, H2, H3 and H4) showed an intermediate
phenotype from the parents; among these, H1 and H3 arose from the same callus. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), sequence-related
amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and cytological analyses confirmed that H1 and H3 were hybrids. The nuclear DNA content of
the regenerated plants was determined by flow cytometry. More than half of the plants contained a nuclear DNA content of 1.3
to 3.9 pg/cell, which was higher than the content of B. oleracea but lower than that of M. incana. H1 contained 4.89 ± 0.02 pg of DNA per cell, while H3 nuclear DNA content was estimated at 4.87 ± 0.06 pg/cell. Cytological
study of the root-tip cells revealed that the majority of the H1 and H3 hybrid cells contained 28 chromosomes. 相似文献
7.
Nguyen VN Oh IJ Kim YJ Kim KY Kim YC Park RD 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(2):195-203
Two extracellular chitinases were purified from Paecilomyces variotii DG-3, a chitinase producer and a nematode egg-parasitic fungus, to homogeneity by DEAE Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography.
The purified enzymes were a monomer with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa (Chi32) and 46 kDa (Chi46), respectively, and
showed chitinase activity bands with 0.01% glycol chitin as a substrate after SDS-PAGE. The first 20 and 15 N-terminal amino
acid sequences of Chi32 and Chi46 were determined to be Asp-Pro-Typ-Gln-Thr-Asn-Val-Val-Tyr-Thr-Gly-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Ser-Pro-Asp-Leu-Phe
and Asp-Ala-X-X-Tyr-Arg-Ser-Val-Ala-Tyr-Phe-Val-Asn-Trp-Ala, respectively. Optimal temperature and pH of the Chi32 and Chi46
were found to be both 60°C, and 2.5 and 3.0, respectively. Chi32 was almost inhibited by metal ions Ag+ and Hg2+ while Chi46 by Hg2+ and Pb2+ at a 10 mM concentration but both enzymes were enhanced by 1 mM concentration of Co2+. On analyzing the hydrolyzates of chitin oligomers [(GlcNAc)
n
, n = 2–6)], it was considered that Chi32 degraded chitin oligomers as an exo-type chitinase while Chi46 as an endo-type chitinase. 相似文献
8.
A PCR based B-genome-specific marker in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica</Emphasis> species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Schelfhout CJ Snowdon R Cowling WA Wroth JM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,109(5):917-921
Previous hybridisation studies showed that the repetitive DNA sequence pBNBH35 from Brassica nigra (genome BB, 2n=16) bound specifically to the B-genome and not to the A- or C-genomes of Brassica species. We amplified a sub-fragment of pBNBH35 from B. nigra by PCR, cloned and sequenced this sub-fragment, and confirmed that it was a 329-bp sub-fragment of pBNBH35. PCR and hybridisation techniques were used to confirm that the pBNBH35 sub-fragment was Brassica B-genome-specific. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in B. nigra, B. juncea (AABB, 2n=36) and B. napus (AACC, 2n=38) showed that the pBNBH35 sub-fragment was present on all eight Brassica B-genome chromosomes and absent from the A- and C-genome chromosomes. The pBNBH35 repeat was localised to the centromeric region of each B-genome chromosome. FISH clearly distinguished the B-genome chromosomes from the A-genome chromosomes in the amphidiploid species B. juncea. This is the first known report of a B-genome repetitive marker that is present on all B-genome chromosomes. It will be a useful tool for the detection of B chromosomes in interspecific hybrids and may prove useful for phylogenetic studies in Brassica species. 相似文献
9.
Puerma E Acosta MJ Barragán MJ Martínez S Marchal JA Bullejos M Sánchez A 《Genetica》2008,134(3):287-295
The karyotype of individuals of the species Rhinolophus hipposideros from Spain present a chromosome number of 2n = 54 (NFa = 62). The described karyotype for these specimens is very similar to another previously described in individual
from Bulgaria. However, the presence of one additional pair of autosomal acrocentric chromosomes in the Bulgarian karyotype
and the differences in X chromosome morphology indicated that we have described a new karyotype variant in this species. In
addition, we have analyzed several clones of 1.4 and 1 kb of a PstI repeated DNA sequence from the genome of R. hipposideros. The repeated sequence included a region with high identity with the 5S rDNA genes and flanking regions, with no homology
with GenBank sequences. Search for polymerase III regulatory elements demonstrated the presence of type I promoter elements
(A-box, Intermediate Element and C-box) in the 5S rDNA region. In addition, upstream regulatory elements, as a D-box and Sp1
binding sequences, were present in flanking regions. All data indicated that the cloned repeated sequences are the functional
rDNA genes from this species. Finally, FISH demonstrated the presence of rDNA in nine chromosome pairs, which is surprising
as most mammals have only one carrier chromosome pair. 相似文献
10.
This paper discusses a number of experiments performed, involving the fusion by an electric field of mesophyll protoplasts
from Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje, S. tuberosum dihaploid clones 243, 299 and the wild tuberous disease-resistant species S. bulbocastanum and S. pinnatisectum. Three fusion experiments (S. bulbocastanum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 243, S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum cv. Bintje and S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 299) yielded 542 calli, the 52 ones of which produced shoots. Obtained regenerants were estimated by the flow-cytometry (FC)
and RAPD analysis to determine hybrid plants.The utilisation of the FC as a useful method for detecting somatic hybrids is
also discussed in this paper. The combination S. bulbocastanum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 243 led to the creation of eight somatic hybrids, the combination S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum cv. Bintje yielded four somatic hybrids and the combination S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 299 resulted in no hybrid regenerants. Morphology in vitro, growth vigour and production of tuber-like structures
were evaluated in hybrid plants. Plants were transferred in vivo for further estimation (acclimatization, habitus evaluation
and tuberization ability). 相似文献
11.
Chandra A Gupta ML Ahuja I Kaur G Banga SS 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,108(8):1620-1626
Two intergeneric hybrids involving wild species Erucastrum cardaminoides (2n=18, Ecd Ecd) and two crop brassica species, Brassica rapa (2n=20, AA) and B. nigra (2n=16, BB), were synthesized through in vitro sequential ovary culture. Morphological, molecular and cytological studies were conducted to establish their hybridity. Both hybrids, though morphologically distinct, were intermediate phenotypically between their respective parents. Cytological analysis of the E. cardaminoides × B. rapa hybrid (2n=19), revealed the occurrence of 17 I+1 II at diakinesis/metaphase in the majority (28%) of the pollen mother cells (PMCs), whereas in E. cardaminoides × B. nigra hybrid (2n=17), 13 I+2 II was the predominant (32%) meiotic configuration. A maximum of 5 II was recorded in both hybrids, indicating homoeologous pairing in the respective combined genomes. Chromosome doubling by colchicine application gave rise to two new amphiploids (AA EcdEcd and BB EcdEcd) having normal chromosome pairing and pollen fertility. The occasional occurrence of one quadrivalent in the amphiploids confirmed partial homoeology between the Ec and A/B genomes. The E. cardaminoides ×B. nigra hybrid and amphiploid appeared to be tolerant to alternaria blight under field conditions.Communicated by H.F. Linskens 相似文献
12.
Inger-Marie E. Vilcins Julie M. Old Elizabeth Deane 《Experimental & applied acarology》2009,49(3):229-242
Three Australian native animal species yielded 60 samples composed of three indigenous ticks. Hosts included twelve koalas,
two echidnas and one wombat from Victoria, and ticks were of the species Ixodes tasmani (n = 42), Bothriocroton concolor (n = 8) and B. auruginans (n = 10), respectively. PCR screening and sequencing detected a species of Coxiella, sharing closest sequence identity to C. burnetii (>98%), in all B. auruginans, as well as a species of Rickettsia, matching closest to R. massiliae, in 70% of the same samples. A genotype sharing closest similarity to Rickettsia bellii (>99%) was identified in three female B. concolor collected from one of the echidnas. Three samples of I. tasmani, taken from three koalas, yielded different genotypes of Rickettsiella. These results represent the first detection of the three genera in each tick species and identify a high level of previously
undetected bacterial diversity in Australian ticks. 相似文献
13.
Summary
Erythroxylum longisetulosum I. Loiola & M. F. Sales and E. timothei I. Loiola & M. F. Sales (sect. Rhabdophyllum) from north-eastern Brazil are described and illustrated, and their taxonomic and ecological relationships are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Fabiano A. Fernandes Gislene L. Gonçalves Simone S. F. Ximenes Thales R. O. de Freitas 《Genetica》2009,136(3):449-459
The rodent genus Ctenomys (tuco-tucos) comprises more than 60 described species, and shows extraordinary inter- and intraspecific karyotypic variation.
The most widely distributed species of Ctenomys in Brazil is C. torquatus. Although several cytogenetic studies have been done, the karyotypic variability of this species is still poorly known. In
this paper we report two new diploid numbers for C. torquatus: 2n = 40 and 2n = 42, both showing AN = 72. The new distribution limits of C. torquatus here reported include localities in the southern, central and western parts of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State in southern Brazil.
The phylogenetic relationship between C. torquatus from Alegrete, RS, and Ctenomys sp. from Corrientes, Argentina, is described by means of mtDNA cytochrome b analysis. Although both entities share similar karyotypes and sperm morphology, these two species are not phylogenetically
close. 相似文献
15.
Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro Leandro Nassar Coutinho Eliane do Socorro de Souza Pompeu Paulo Henrique Gomes de Castro Celsemy Eleutério Maia Washington Luis Assunção Pereira Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente 《International journal of primatology》2009,30(2):327-336
We evaluated the uterus and ovaries of owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus) via gynecological ultrasound examination. We evaluated the subjects in 2 different time periods. The first period (P1) was
characterized by the absence of mating, with daily examinations, during 4 mo (n = 10). At the end of P1, we paired the subjects for 30 d, but without ultrasonographic evaluation. The second period (P2)
was characterized by the presence of mating, with examinations once a week, during 7 consecutive months (n = 9). We evaluated the uterus and ovaries in sagittal and transverse scans, using a 5–12 MHz linear array probe. The uterine
volume (UV) was directly proportional to the number of previous parturitions. The right ovary volume (RtOV) is greater than
the left (LtOV) in P1 and P2. There is a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the females’ mass, RtOV (r = 0.28) and LtOV (r = 0.16). 相似文献
16.
Wang Xiao Xia Huang Qing Gong Xue-Mei Dai Jie-Tang Zhao Yue-Rong Wei Xue-Lin Huang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,97(3):313-321
To attempt to introduce genetic information of disease resistance from Musa acuminata cv. Mas (AA) to Musa silk cv. Guoshanxiang (AAB) and obtain somatic hybrids, we developed an asymmetric protoplast fusion with 20% (w/v) polyethylene
glycol (PEG). The protoplasts derived from embryogenic suspension cultural cells of cv. Guoshanxiang (AAB) and cv. Mas (AA)
were, respectively treated with 1.5 mM iodoacetamide (IOA) and with ultraviolet light (UV) at an intensity of 50 W/m2 for 120 s. A total of 47 regenerated green plants were obtained and eight of which were survived in greenhouse. Six of the
survived plants were identified as hybrids by RAPD analysis and only three hybrids were retained vigorously in field. The
hybrid nature of the three plants was further confirmed according to their ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) patterns and
the results indicated that they were true somatic hybrids. Chromosome analysis revealed that the three hybrids possessed an
aneuploid chromosome number (2n = 34). 相似文献
17.
J. J. Jiang X. X. Zhao W. Tian T. B. Li Y. P. Wang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):91-95
Intertribal somatic hybrids of Brassica napus and Camelina sativa were developed by protoplast electrofusion. Hybrid identity of the regenerants was determined using flow cytometric analysis
of nuclear DNA content and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis. Three hybrids exhibited specific bands for B. napus and C. sativa. These hybrids showed intermediate leaf, flower and seed morphology compared with the two parental species. The seeds of
these three hybrids had a modified fatty acid profile, indicating higher level of linolenic and eicosanoic acids than those
of B. napus. Our results suggest that somatic hybridization offers opportunities for transferring entire genomes between B. napus and C. sativa in improving rapeseed breeding. 相似文献
18.
M. Wang Z. Peng L. Wang J. Zhao J. Che G. Xia 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2011,58(1):133-141
The protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were fused with those of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. The latter were irradiated with UV at an intensity of 380 μW/cm2 for 0 s (combination I), 30 s (combination II), and 60 s (combination III) before fusion. Putative hybrid calli, leaves,
and shoots were generated from the fusion products. They were recognized as somatic hybrids by a combined analysis of chromosome
numbers, isozyme, RAPD, and 5S rDNA spacer sequence. The hybrid calli with morphogenetic ability and leaves/shoots differentiation
had the B. scorzonerifolium phenotype, whether they were derived from symmetric fusion (UV 0 s) or asymmetric fusion (UV 30 s/60 s). Cytological tests
revealed that these hybrids contained the complete set (12) of B. scorzonerifolium chromosomes and 0–4 partner tall fescue chromosomes. The tall fescue chromosomes were rapidly eliminated in combinations
II and III, but gradually lost in combination I. It was noted that the green leaves and shoots were produced earlier, and
the differentiation frequency was higher in combinations II and III than in combination I, which corresponded to the speed
of elimination of the tall fescue chromosomes in the hybrids. Therefore, UV irradiation can indirectly promote elimination
of tall fescue chromosomes and hybrid differentiation. B. scorzonerifolium can repel partner chromosomes with mechanism that differs from UV. 相似文献
19.
In the present investigation, the interspecific somatic hybridization between tuber mustard and red cabbage was established in order to introduce valuable genes from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) into Brassica juncea. Prior to fusion treatment, protoplasts of red cabbage were inactivated with 2 mM iodoacetamide to inhibit cell division. Micro-calluses were obtained at a frequency of 10.3% after approximately 5 weeks culture following protoplast fusion. Some of the fusion-derived calluses possessed red pigmented cells after being transferred to proliferation medium, and they were presumably considered to be somatic hybrid cell lines. Plantlets were regenerated from 12 cell lines, of which nine plantlets exhibited characteristics intermediate of both parents in terms of plant morphology. With the exception of common protein bands featured by two parents, there were unique banding patterns produced in the hybrids by using SDS-PAGE analysis. By chromosome countings, it was showed that they ranged approximately from 2n=30 to 42 in chromosome numbers. Their hybridity were further confirmed by RAPD analysis revealing that genes of both parents were partially incorporated into the hybrids. Positively, all these hybrids were capable of seed-setting. The pod-setting was 4.2 in somatic hybrid H7 when backcrossed with tuber mustard. 相似文献
20.
Iain Darbyshire 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(2):261-268
Summary Three new species are described in Barleria L. sect. Stellatohirta M. Balkwill from tropical Africa: B. aristata from south-central Tanzania, B. aenea from south-western Tanzania and northeast Zambia, and B. purpureotincta from south-western Zambia. Their affinities and conservation status are discussed. 相似文献