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1.
G. S. Prasad S. Girisham S. M. Reddy K. Srisailam 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(8):1565-1571
Twenty-five fungal cultures were screened for their ability to transform the anthelmintic drug albendazole. A filamentous
fungi Cunninghamella blakesleeana transformed albendazole to three metabolites in significant quantities. The transformation of albendazole was identified
by HPLC. Based on the LC-MS-MS data, two metabolites were predicted to be albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone, the
major mammalian metabolites reported previously. A new N-methylated metabolite of albendazole sulfoxide was also produced, where the methylation took place on the N-atom of the imidazole
ring system. A temperature of 30°C, pH of 8 and high substrate concentrations produced highest transformation of albendazole.
Among the various concentrations studied, 2% w/v of glucose produced highest transformation. The results reveal that the microbial
model can be used to produce large quantities of mammalian metabolites. 相似文献
2.
Shyam Prasad G Narasimha Rao K Preethi R Girisham S Reddy SM 《Indian journal of microbiology》2011,51(1):82-87
Influence of carbon and nitrogen source, on biotransformation of meloxicam was studied by employing Cunninghamella blakesleeana NCIM 687 with an aim to achieve maximum transformation of meloxicam and in search of new metabolites. The transformation
was confirmed by HPLC and based on LC–MS–MS data and previous reports the metabolites were predicted as 5-hydroxymethyl meloxicam,
5-carboxy meloxicam and a novel metabolite. The quantification of metabolites was performed using HPLC peak areas. The results
obtained indicate that glucose as carbon source, ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, were found to be optimum for maximum
transformation of meloxicam. The study suggests the significance of these factors in biotransformation of meloxicam using
microbial cultures. The fermentation was scaled up to 1 l level. 相似文献
3.
The effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) and initial pH value on the growth and sporulation of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia in liquid culture were examined. Among the 21 carbon sources and 15 nitrogen compounds tested, the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth were sweet potato and L-tyrosine, and for sporulation were sweet potato and casein peptone. A C:N ratio of 10:1 at pH 3.7 gave the maximum yield of conidia and a C:N ratio of 40:1 at pH 6.8 gave the maximum biomass. The initial pH value had a significant effect on mycelial growth and conidial production, with the optimal ranges being 3.5–4.5 for sporulation and 5–6 for growth. Maximum conidial production was obtained at an initial pH of 4.0 and the maximum biomass at pH 6.0. The results also showed that the final pH after 7 days cultivation was always higher than the initial value. The variability in growth and sporulation of seven strains of P. chlamydosporia in liquid culture was also compared and discussed. 相似文献
4.
Effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of penitrem B was studied.d-Xylose induced maximum penitrem B production, while melibiose, glycerol, citric acid and succinic acid were poor substrates.
Potassium nitrate,l-asparagine, sodium nitrate, glycine,dl-aspartic acid andl-tryptophan supported good production of penitrem B. Conversely zirconyl nitrate, barium nitrate, aluminum nitrate, acetanilide,
4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid and 4-nitroaniline were toxic and did not even permit the growth of the fungus. 相似文献
5.
Manganese peroxidase as an extracellular enzyme is produced by the white rot fungusPhanerochœte chrysosporium under nutrient nitrogen or carbon limitation. The effect of nitrogen concentration on the activity of manganese peroxidase
was studied using ammonium nitrate andl-asparagine as nitrogen sources. The highest activity of the enzyme was observed in cultures grown in a medium containing
75 mg/L ammonium nitrate and 0.15 g/Ll-asparagine. Manganese peroxidase was not detectable in cultures grown in the presence 0.5 g/L ammonium nitrate and 1 g/Ll-asparagine. 相似文献
6.
绿僵菌产海藻糖水解酶培养条件研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
丝状真菌绿僵菌能产生一系列二糖水解酶,其中包括海藻糖水解酶。这些酶在绿僵菌对昆虫的致病过程中起着重要的作用。本文研究了不同碳源、氮源对金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum菌株CQMa102产生与分解昆虫血淋巴中海藻糖等二糖相关的海藻糖水解酶活性的影响。结果表明:分别以葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、山梨醇和可溶性淀粉为碳源,金龟子绿僵菌均可产生海藻糖水解酶,但最佳碳源是可溶性淀粉,因为由其诱导产生的海藻糖水解酶具有最高的总活性和比活性以及更多的同工酶,山梨醇次之。硝态氮(NaNO3)作为唯一氮源时,几乎检测不出海藻糖水解酶活性,而铵态氮((NH4)2SO4)或NaNO3和有机氮(蛋白胨和酵母浸膏)混合氮源作氮源时,海藻糖水解酶活性都很高。在绿僵菌菌丝提取液和滤液的海藻糖水解酶活性比较中发现:CQMa102在多数碳源的培养基中产生的海藻糖水解酶主要分泌到培养基中,仅有少数结合在细胞壁上。 相似文献
7.
Hector Trejo-Chávez David García-Vilchis Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing Javier R. Ambrosio 《Experimental parasitology》2011,(1):294-299
Using a murine model of cysticercosis caused by the Taenia crassiceps ORF strain, we developed a fluorescent quantitative evaluation of the action of two well known anti-helminthic drugs: albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel. The fluorescence emitted by a biotransformed CellTracker Probe known as CellTracker Green CMFDA in the vesicular fluids of cysticerci was estimated, and the results were compared with macroscopic observations of the parasites. The pharmacological EC50 value of each drug and changes in the level of biotransformation of the fluorescent tracker caused by the drugs could be easily calculated. These drug-induced changes in biotransformation could be related to changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio of parasites. Both the cysticercosis murine model and the CMFDA biotransformation assay could be used as an in vitro screening method to evaluate potential or well known cysticidal drugs. 相似文献
8.
Mycelial growth of Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb., a root pathogen of conifers in the Pacific Northwest, was studied in defined liquid media with different carbon and nitrogen sources and vitamins. The fungus grew significantly more on glucose, xylose, maltose, or fructose than on other carbon sources. Starch did not support growth. Maximum growth occurred in 4 weeks on all carbon sources except dextrin and sucrose, with which maximum growth occurred in 3 weeks. Of the nitrogen sources, peptone supported the best growth of the fungus; glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, ammonium sulphate, and urea supported significantly better growth than tyrosine, arginine, methionine, threonine, and glycine. Potassium nitrate, phenylalanine, sodium nitrate, lysine, proline, and cysteine inhibited growth. Thiamine hydrochloride was not absolutely required for growth of P. weirii, but better growth was obtained with its addition. The fungus showed no significant responses to a range of other vitamins. 相似文献
9.
Yoshie Terashima 《Mycoscience》1999,40(1):51-56
Mycelial growth of an isolate ofT. bakamatsutake was tested in media with C/N ratio ranging from 0 to 50 and with 32 carbon and 12 nitrogen sources. The isolate grew best
at the C/N ratio of 30. It utilized the monosaccharidesd-glucose,d-mannose, andd-fructose, the disaccharide trehalose, and polysaccharide pectin among the carbon sources; and yeast extract,l-glutamic acid, and ammonium compounds among the nitrogen sources. The growth of ten isolates and secretion of gluconic and
oxalic acids were compared ind-glucose, trehalose, and pectin media. The utilization ofd-glucose, trehalose, and pectin differed among the ten isolates, but all the isolates secreted gluconic acid in thed-glucose media and oxalic acid in the pectin media. 相似文献
10.
The effect of different carbon and nitrogen compounds on growth and sporulation ofC. microcephala (Wallr.)Tul. causing ergot disease of Bajra has been studied. Nine different sources of carbon were used but cane sugar was found to be the best source for both, growth and sportulation of the fungus. Glucose, sucrose and maltose gave good growth but fair sporulation. Lactose and sorbitaol proved to be the poor sources. However, fungus failed to utilize starch, dextrin and mannitol.Nineteen nitrogen compounds were tried for the growth and sporulation of the fungus. Best growth and sporulation were supported by peptone and glycine. L-asparagine, DL-valine, Urea, magnesium nitrate and L-proline supported good growth and fair sporulation except DL-valine where it was excellent. Poor growth was obtained on L-isoleucin, ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate,-alanine, ammonium chloride, DL-aspartic acid and DL-methionine. Fungus failed to utilize thio-urea. 相似文献
11.
Summary This paper gives an account of some cultural and physiological studies of an isolate ofPhytophthora parasitica
Dast. var.macrospora
Ashby, the causal agent of fruit rot ofAnona squamosa L. Among the various culture media studied, non-synthetic ones like oat meal agar, corn meal agar, lima-bean agar, carrot extract agar, soya-bean extract agar and steamed rice agar were the best, on which the organism showed marked growth and sporulation. Non-synthetic types were poor in this direction. Regarding the effect of various carbon sources, sucrose, lactose, maltose, raffinose, inulin, dextrin, dulcitol, glycogen, rhamnose and xylose supported growth and sporulation of the organism. Sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium lactate and asparagin were the best sources of nitrogen. 6.5 was found to be the best pH for the growth and sporulation of the organism.A portion of Senior Author's M.Sc. Agric. Thesis, University of Poona, India. 相似文献
12.
Microbial conversion of ginsenoside Rd from Rb1 by the fungus mutant Aspergillus niger strain TH-10a
Li Feng Chunchun Xu Zhuo Li Jing Li Yulin Dai Hongxiang Han 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2016,46(4):336-341
Ginsenoside Rd, one of the ginsenosides with significant pharmaceutical activities, is getting more and more attractions on its biotransformation. In this study, a novel fungus mutant, the Aspergillus niger strain TH-10a, which can efficiently convert ginsenoside Rd from Rb1, was obtained through screening survival library of LiCl and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The transformation product ginsenoside Rd, generated by removing the outer glucose residue from the position C20 of ginsenoside Rb1, was identified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Factors for the microbial culture and biotransformation were investigated in terms of the carbon sources, the nitrogen sources, pH values, and temperatures. This showed that maximum mycelia growth could be obtained at 28°C and pH 6.0 with cellobiose and tryptone as the carbon source and the nitrogen source, respectively. The highest transformation rate (~86%) has been achieved at 32°C and pH 5.0 with the feeding time of substrate 48 hr. Also, Aspergillus niger strain TH-10a could tolerate even 40 mg/mL ginseng root extract as substrate with 60% bioconversion rate after 72 hr of treatment at the optimal condition. Our results highlight a novel ginsenoside Rd transformation fungus and illuminate its potentially practical application in the pharmaceutical industries. 相似文献
13.
新番茄粉孢菌Oidium neolycopersici是近几年引起番茄白粉病的主要病原菌。在国内首次对该菌的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:新番茄粉孢菌分生孢子萌发的适宜温度范围为20-25℃,最适相对湿度范围为80%-100%,在水滴中不能萌发;该菌对光照条件和酸碱度的要求不严格,在pH3-12时其萌发率均能达到90%以上;在碳氮源利用方面,该菌分生孢子对各种碳源均能利用,以甘露糖和半乳糖效果最好;氮源以硝态氮(硝酸钾)为佳,铵态氮、有机态氮对其萌发有抑制作用;分生孢子萌发的致死温度为44℃ 10min。 相似文献
14.
Miss Usha Baijal 《Mycopathologia》1967,33(3-4):289-312
Summary The physiological conditions governing growth and sporulation ofSaksenaea vasiformis
Saksena, a fungus with outstanding morphological features quite peculiar for Mucorales, were determined. Earlier studies made byTiwari (1955) on a strain of the same species had shown that this fungus is incapable of sporulating on any synthetic medium normally employed for growing fungi.The fungus had been found to have a high tolerance for very low and high pH values. It showed maximum growth at two pH values, one near neutral point, at pH 6, and another at high alkaline pH value, i.e., pH 11. Reason for this behaviour of this fungus has already been discussed. The most suitable temperature for the growth of the fungus was found to be between 30–35° C.Nearly all the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur sources which generally favour growth of fungi were found to support vegetative growth of this fungus as well. However, sporulation in this fungus had peculiar nutritional needs. Only some of the carbon sources, viz., arabinose, rhamnose, sorbose, galactose, lactose and citric acid which supported poor growth, were found to support good or excellent sporulation. But it may be stated that not all carbon sources supporting poor growth could induce sporulation of the organism. Also none of the nitrogen or sulphur sources could induce the fungus to sporulate in presence of glucose as carbon source. 相似文献
15.
16.
An inexpensive medium for production of arachidonic acid by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mortierella alpina</Emphasis> 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The production of arachidonic acid was studied in the fungus Mortierella alpina using an inexpensive medium. Glucose derived from maize starch hydrolysate was the sole carbon source and defatted soybean
meal and sodium nitrate were the nitrogen sources. Optimal arachidonic acid yield (1.47 g l-1) was observed at a glucose concentration of 100 g l-1. Various treatments of defatted soybean meal to extract soluble nitrogen nutrients were evaluated. Alkali extract was the
most effective for arachidonic acid production. A mixture of soybean alkali-extract protein and sodium nitrate was an excellent
nitrogen source for fungal growth, lipid accumulation, and arachidonic acid production. A maximum yield of 1.87 g arachidonic
acid l-1 was obtained with a soybean protein concentration of 4.6 g l-1 and a sodium nitrate concentration of 2.3 g l-1.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
17.
Summary Sixteen slow-growing strains of rhizobia (15 cowpea rhizobia and oneR. japonicum) were examined to determine the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on acid/alkali production in culture media. We found that the pH changes of the medium were more influenced by nitrogen sources than carbon sources (with the exception of ribose). When ammonium sulphate was used as a nitrogen source, all the cowpea rhizobia strains produced acid. When yeast-extract was used as a nitrogen source, however, a heterogenous pattern for acid/alkali production was found. The majority of the strains produced alkali from nitrate, glutamate and urea irrespective of carbon sources and acid from ribose irrespective of nitrogen sources. 相似文献
18.
Vieira Costa Jorge Alberto Cozza Karla Leal Oliveira Lucielen Magagnin Glênio 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(5):439-442
Spirulina platensis was cultivated, in comparative studies, using several sources of nitrogen. The standard source used (sodium nitrate) was the same as that used in the synthetic medium Zarrouk, whereas the alternative nitrogen sources consisted of ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate or acid ammonium phosphate. The initial nitrogen concentrations tested were 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 M in an aerated photobioreactor at 30 °C, with an illuminance of 1900 lux, and 12 h-light/12 h-dark photoperiod over a period of 672 h. Maximum biomass was produced in medium containing sodium nitrate (0.01–0.03–0.05 M), followed by ammonium nitrate (0.01 M) and urea (0.01 M). The final biomass concentrations were 1.992 g l–1 (0.03 M sodium nitrate), 1.628 g l–1 (0.05 M sodium nitrate), 1.559 g l–1 (0.01 M sodium nitrate), 0.993 g l–1 (0.01 M ammonium nitrate) and 0.910 g l–1 (0.01 M urea). This suggested that it is possible to utilize nitrogen sources other than sodium nitrate for growing S. platensis, in order to decrease the production costs of scaled up projects. 相似文献
19.
Summary A strain of Pestalotia rhododendri Guba produced good growth in a simple glucose-mineral-salt medium with the addition of thiamine.The fungus was grown on agar medium in Ryan-tubes and through some of the tubes an airstream was passed. For optimal growth an airflow rate of at least 60 ml/min was necessary.The growth-promoting effect of aeration was studied in relation to pH of the medium, relative humidity, oxygen supply, carbon dioxide accumulation and various nitrogen sources.No volatile, organic metabolite stimulating the growth was found.On a medium with a low carbon and a high nitrogen content, aeration made growth of Pestalotia possible when nonaerated mycelia were nearly completely inhibited. In an unbuffered medium accumulation of ammonia could explain the inhibition of growth.The agar or impurities in the agar contributed to the nitrogen nutrition of the fungus. 相似文献
20.
J. W. Saunders C. J. Tsai E. Samper 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(1):56-61
Summary Low molecular weight nitrogenous impurity compounds as well as raffinose are negative quality factors that interfere with
efficient processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) for sucrose. In order to identify nutrient media for cell selection of biochemical mutants or transgenics that might
have reduced levels of these processing impurities, the ability of 10 endogenous compounds to serve as sole nitrogen or carbon
source for suspension plating and subculture callus growth was evaluated. The most productive concentrations of nitrate, ammonium,
l-glutamine, l-glutamate, urea, and l-proline as sole nitrogen sources supported plating callus growth at 106, 159, 233, 167, 80, and 52%, respectively, as well
as the historical 60 mM mix of nitrate and ammonium in Murashige-Skoog medium. Glycine betaine and choline did not support growth. d(+) Raffinose and d(+) galactose supported plating callus growth only 67 and 25%, respectively, as well as sucrose as sole carbohydrate source.
No callus growth occurred on glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine as the sole carbon or carbon plus nitrogen source. Platings
on either nitrate or ammonium as sole nitrogen source did not differ in sensitivity to the nitrate uptake inhibitor phenylglyoxal,
suggesting that phenylglyoxal lacks the specificity for use in selection for mutants of nitrate uptake. The ability of raffinose
to be used as the carbon source, and glutamine or glutamate as the nitrogen source, may preclude their use for selection of
genetic variants accumulating less of these processing impurities. However, mutants or transgenics able to utilize either
glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine might be selectable on media containing any one of these as carbon, nitrogen, or
carbon plus nitrogen source, respectively, that is incapable of supporting wild-type cell growth. 相似文献