过表达GDP-D-甘露糖焦磷酸化酶（GMP）基因提高灵芝多糖的生产

灵芝多糖是灵芝的主要生物活性成分之一,具有多种药理活性,但灵芝多糖的低产量限制了其广泛应用。相关研究表明,灵芝中过表达多糖生物合成相关基因能够提高多糖产量,但过表达GDP-D-甘露糖焦磷酸化酶（GMP）基因提高灵芝多糖产量未有报道。本研究克隆获得了灵芝gmp基因,并成功构建出了过表达gmp基因的工程菌株（GMP菌株）,同时对野生型菌株（WT）和GMP菌株的胞内多糖（IPS）、胞外多糖（EPS）产量以及GDP-甘露糖合成相关基因甘露糖磷酸变位酶1（PMM1）基因及甘露糖磷酸变位酶2（PMM2）基因的表达水平进行了检测。研究结果表明,在悬浮发酵培养条件下,灵芝中gmp基因的过表达增加了灵芝多糖的积累。与WT菌株相比,GMP菌株的EPS以及IPS的含量最高达到了0.991g/L和21.59mg/100mg干重,比WT菌株分别提高了21.1%和19.5%。gmp基因的过表达也提高了基因pmm1和pmm2的表达。与WT菌株相比,GMP菌株中pmm1以及pmm2基因的表达水平分别上调了2.87倍和2.55倍。研究结果表明,过表达gmp基因是一种提高灵芝多糖产量的有效方法,并且过表达gmp基因提高了灵芝多糖的合成及pmm1和pmm2基因的表达。     

野生种马铃薯PHYA基因cDNA的克隆与表达分析

采用RT-PCR技术从野生种马铃薯（Solanum pinnatisectum Dun）中克隆到1个光敏色素基因PHYA,其cDNA全长为3466bp,含有一个3 372bp的完整开放阅读框,编码一条长1123个氨基酸的蛋白,分子量为125kDa,等电点为5．8-该基因编码的蛋白序列与栽培种马铃薯、番茄和烟草基因编码的氧基酸序列同源性分别为96％、94％和91％。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,PHYA在根、茎和芽中的表达量较高;光对PHYA表达的作用在地上部器官中表现为抑制,而在地下部器官中则促进。     

水稻葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶cDNA的电子克隆

电子克隆是基因克隆的新策略,以小麦胞质葡萄糖－6－磷酸脱氢酶cDNA(Tagpdl克隆）序列为信息探针,在GenBank水稻nr数据库中找到高度同源的水稻基因组序列,通过人工序列拼接及RT-PCR确认得到了水稻该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为OsG6PDH,OsG6PDH与小麦Tagpdl克隆的DNA一致率为88％,推导的氨基酸序列与小麦,番茄,烟草的胞质葡萄糖－6－磷酸脱氢酶基因的一致率分别为89％,79％,80％,经RT－PCR表达谱分析,OsG6PDH在水稻幼穗,胚,根,叶中都有表达,在幼穗与根中表达略高,另外,讨论了利用水稻基因组信息的电子克隆方法克隆水稻功能基因的可行性。     

绞股蓝法呢基焦磷酸合酶基因的克隆及其序列分析

目的:克隆并分析绞股蓝法呢基焦磷酸合酶(FPS)基因的全长序列。方法:参照罗汉果法呢基焦磷酸合酶基因,设计扩增绞股蓝FPS基因的3′RACE引物,采用3'RACE和5'RACE法克隆绞股蓝FPS基因全长cDNA。结果:获得绞股蓝FPS基因全长cDNA序列共1288个核苷酸,包含一个1026核苷酸的开放读框,编码342个氨基酸残基,推断该蛋白的相对分子质量为3.94×104。NCBI Blast结果显示绞股蓝FPS基因编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与已知的植物FPS氨基酸序列的同源性为91%~74%,核酸序列的同源性为88%~78%。结论:克隆了绞股蓝FPS基因全长cDNA序列,为进一步研究绞股蓝FPS基因的表达及三萜皂苷合成通路关键酶分子的进化奠定了基础。     

桃ACC合酶基因的分离及其差异表达

利用5'/3'RACE FCR技术,从桃（Prunus persica(L.)Batsch）果实中克隆了植物乙烯生物合成的关键酶-ACC合酶的全长cDNA pacs,对pacs基因进行全序列测定表明,该基因全长1848个碱基,编码区1449个碱基,5'端有177个碱基的非编码区序列,3'端有219个碱基的非编码区序列（不包括终止密码子TAA）。pacs基因编码区共编码483个氨基酸,蛋白质大小为54kd,等电点为6.43。pacs与番茄（S19677）、梅（AB031026)、番木瓜（U68216）、苹果（AB034993）等其他植物ACC合酶cDNA氨基酸序列同源性分别为65%、70%、90%,并存在与这些ACC合酶氨pacs12(af467782)在叶片和花中基因表达模式基本一致,伤处理和IAA均能诱导叶片pacs和pacs12基因的表达,但pacs在伤处理叶片的表达水平比pacs12高;pacs和pacs12基因在果实表达有所不同,pacs在绿熟和成熟果实中均有表达,而pacs12在绿熟果实中基本检测不同,在成熟果实中才有表达,两在果实中的表达水平比伤处理和IAA处理叶片和花中要低。     

加工番茄多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）基因的cDNA克隆的全序列测定

以加工番茄“87－5”为材料,采用反转录PCR（RT－PCR）技术将加工番茄G基因的cDNA序列克隆到pGEM-T载体上,并进行了全序列测定分析,结果表明,加工番茄的PG基因的cDNA与国内外报道的番茄PG基因的cDNA,在碱基序列及氨基酸序列上均有差异,说明番茄的PG基因具有多态性。     

灰绿藜液泡膜焦磷酸酶基因（CgVP1）过表达提高拟南芥的耐盐性。

克隆获得包含完整开放阅读框（0RF）的灰绿藜液泡膜焦磷酸酶基因（CgVP1）cDNA序列,构建成基因表达载体pCAMBIA1301．1-CgVPl后,利用根癌农杆菌介导的花序浸染法转化拟南芥,再以抗性筛选方法获得了T3代纯合的转基因植株,经检测外源目的基因已经整合到拟南芥基因组中并能正常表达。分析结果表明,在拟南芥中过表达劬VP1基因后提高了植株抗盐胁迫的能力。     

益智不同组织多糖含量及其生物合成途径分析

为了解益智（Alpinia oxyphylla）多糖生物合成途径关键酶功能,对其茎、叶、果实中的多糖含量及其单糖组成进行了研究,并采用Real-Time qPCR分析了益智多糖生物合成关键酶基因的表达模式。结果表明,益智多糖含量依次为果实 > 叶 > 茎,主要由葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成;利用益智转录组数据共获得47 690条unigenes,其中31 892条在NR、Swiss-Prot、KEGG、COG、KOG、GO和Pfam数据库获得注释,其中208个unigenes参与益智多糖的生物合成,涉及15个酶。表达分析表明,所筛选的18个基因在茎、叶、果实中均有表达,14个基因在果实中的表达量最高,以糖基转移酶基因和UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因的表达量最高,且其表达模式与不同组织中葡萄糖含量的变化一致。     

水稻ADP—葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶的cDNA基因克隆和结构分析

用ＰＣＲ技术从我国水稻品种“中花１０ 号”（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ ｖａｒ． ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ ｃｖ． Ｚｈｏｎｇｈｕａ １０）的未成熟种子中克隆到ＡＤＰ－葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因,进行了全序列分析,并与国外已报道的同类基因进行了核苷酸及推导氨基酸序列的同源性比较。结果表明,作者克隆的ＡＤＰ－葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因全长１４６１ ｂｐ,编码１个由４８３ 个氨基酸组成的多肽,与国外基因的核苷酸和推导氨基酸同源率分别为９９．６％ 和９９．７％ 。此外,还对该基因进行了结构及进化分析。     

野生马铃薯ANS同源基因的克隆与表达分析

采用PCR和RT-PCR方法从野生马铃薯（Solanum cardiphyllum）分离得到了一个花色素合成酶（anthocyanidin synthase）同源基因ScANS的cDNA（GenBank登录号HQ701726）和DNA序列（GenBank登录号HQ701727）。序列分析表明,ScA册基因全长为1583bp,由一个内含子和两个外显子组成,开放阅读框长度为1365bp,编码一个由454个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白。该蛋白分子量为51．10kDa,理论等电点为5．24。ScANS含有典型的20G—FeII-Oxy保守功能域,属于2-OOD酶家族,其氨基酸序列与茄子的同源蛋白序列一致性最高,达82．86％。组织表达分析表明,SScANS在马铃薯植株的茎、叶和顶芽中有较高水平的转录表达,在根中有微量表达,在匍匐茎和块茎中检测不到。     

Cloning, Expression, and Mapping of GDP-D-mannose Pyrophosphorylase cDNA from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP, EC 2.7.7.22) catalyzes the synthesis of GDP-D-mannose and represents the first committed step in plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Using potato GMP cDNA sequence as a querying probe, 65 highly homologous tomato ESTs were obtained from dbEST of GenBank and the putative cDNA sequence of tomato GMP was assembled. The full-length GMP cDNA of tomato was cloned by RACE-PCR with primers designed according to the assembled cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA sequence contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1 086 bp, which encoded 361 amino acid residues. This gene was designated as LeGMP (GenBank accession No. AY605668). Homology analysis of LeGMP showed a 96% identity with potato GMP and the deduced amino acid showed 99%, 97%, 91% and 89% homology with GMP from potato, tobacco, alfalfa and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. Northern blot analysis showed that LeGMP was constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of tomato; but the expression levels varied.LeGMP was mapped to 3-D using 75 tomato introgression lines (ILs), each containing a single homozygous RFLP-defined chromosome segment from the green-fruited species Lycopersicon pennellii.     

Isolation and expression of GA 2-oxidase2 in tomato.

GA 2-oxidases, a key enzyme involves GA biosynthesis, catalyze the degradation of active C(19)-Gibberellins (GAs) through 2-hydroxylation yields inactive GA product. Searching public tomato database, the putative GA2ox2 sequences were assembled. We isolated a full-length GA2ox2 cDNA with primers designed from the assembled sequence. This gene was designed as SlGA2ox2 (GenBank accession No. EF017805). The full-length GA2ox2 gene contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1203 bp, which encoded 322 amino acid residues. Amino acid sequence homology analysis of SlGA2ox2 showed an 88% identity with NtGA2ox2 in tobacco. And alignments of SlGA2ox2 with other known GA2ox from Arabidopsis, Pea, Adzuki Bean, Winter Squash etc indicate low similarity of 47-70%. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a specific expression profile of SlGA2ox2 in different tissues, which mainly expressed in flowers and traces were detected in roots, stems, leaves and immature fruits.     

Molecular cloning, expression and mapping analysis of a novel cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene from tomato.

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) plays a major role in H(2)O(2)-scavenging in plants and can help to avoid reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. A new cytosolic APX gene was cloned from tomato (designated LecAPX2) by RACE-PCR. The full-length cDNA of LecAPX2 contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 753 bp, which encoding 250 amino acid residues. Homology analysis of LecAPX2 showed a 94% identity with potato cAPX gene and 92% identity with another tomato cAPX gene (APX20), the deduced amino acid showed 88% homology with APX20 protein and 75-92% identity with cAPX from other plants such as potato, tobacco, broccoli, spinach, pea, rice, etc. LecAPX2 revealed the existence of a haem peroxidase and plant APX family signatures. Northern blot analysis showed that LecAPX2 was constitutively expressed in root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of tomato, whereas the expression levels were different. LecAPX2 was mapped to 6-A using 75 tomato introgression lines (ILs), each containing a single homozygous RFLP-defined chromosome segment from the green-fruited species Lycopersicon pennellii.     

番茄COBRA基因克隆、表达模式及生物信息学分析

COBRA作为一种重要的胞外糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GP-I)锚定蛋白,影响植物细胞壁中纤维素含量及细胞的定向伸长。目前已有多个拟南芥、玉米及水稻的COBRA基因的突变体被研究。而有关番茄COBRA基因克隆的研究尚未见报道。本研究利用RT-PCR技术克隆了一个假定编码番茄COBRA蛋白的SlCOBRA基因,并在GenBank注册(JN398667)。序列测定和分析表明,该序列由6个外显子组成,编码444个氨基酸残基;氨基酸序列中存在COBRA蛋白的CCVS保守基序,N端的跨膜信号肽及C-末端的疏水性尾部和GPI锚定ω-位点。系统进化分析表明番茄SlCOBRA与拟南芥AtCOB具有80%氨基酸序列同源性,聚在一个分支上。Real-time PCR分析番茄各个组织中COBRA基因的表达结果表明番茄COBRA为组成型表达,在营养器官(根、茎、叶)中的表达量高于花和果实,尤其在成熟的果实中(从转色期到红熟期)表达量明显减少。     

小麦蛋白翻译起始因子5A基因（eIF5A）的克隆与分析

真核生物的翻译起始因子5A （eIF5A）是调控生物生长发育、衰老及环境适应等的重要因子。利用设计的小麦蛋白翻译起始因子5A基因的引物对小麦“中国春”基因组DNA和cDNA进行PCR扩增,并将扩增的特异片段回收、克隆和测序,从基因组DNA中得到长度分别为1 679 bp、1 910 bp两条带,从cDNA扩增得到1条636 bp带,分别命名为eIF5a1（基因登录号：DQ167202）、eIF5a2（基因登录号：DQ167201）和eIF5a3。利用GeneRace方法得到eIF5a3（基因登录号：DQ167203）的全长为768 bp。序列分析表明,eIF5a1、eIF5a2具82.3%相似性,都形成636 bp的转录产物,转录产物仅6个核苷酸差异。将eIF5a1、eIF5a2和 eIF5a3这3个序列的预测氨基酸序列进行比对,发现仅有1～2个氨基酸的差异,证实它们为eIF5A基因家族的成员。进化分析表明它们与报道的玉米、水稻、西红柿、烟草的eIF5A基因序列的遗传关系最近。进一步研究表明eIF5a2位于2B染色体上,并用半定量RT-PCR 研究了小麦eIF5A基因的表达情况。     

水稻胞质核糖体蛋白基因OsRPS7的克隆与序列分析

以已公布的黑麦胞质核糖体蛋白基因ScRPS7的cDNA序列为信息探针,在中国华大水稻基因组数据库中搜索与之高度同源的基因组重叠群。采用计算机拼接和RT-PCR方法克隆了水稻胞质核糖体蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为OsRPS7。该cDNA序列全长919bp,编码192个氨基酸;其与黑麦、拟南芥和芸薹的S7核糖体蛋白的氨基酸一致率分别为88%、72%和72%。对OsRPS7 的基因组结构和基因的功能进行了分析和预测。Abstract：Using the cDNA of rye cytoplasmic ribosomal protein ScRPS7 as a query probe, a highly homologous rice genomic contig was obtained from Huada rice genome database. The full-length cDNA sequence of rice cytoplasmic ribosomal protein S7 was assembled by informatics based on the contig. Furthermore, with the two primers designed according to this assembled cDNA, the full-length cDNA of rice ribosomal protein was cloned by RT-PCR and named as OsRPS7. The cDNA was 919bp in length and contained a complete Open Reading Frame (ORF) of 576bp, encoding a protein of 192 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acids of OsRPS7 showed 88%、72% and 72% identity with those from Secale cereale、Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea, respectively. The genome structure of OsRPS7 was analyzed, and its function was predicted in this paper.     

烟草ovate同源基因的全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

根据番茄中控制果实形状的主效数量性状基因ovate的序列,用生物信息学方法从茄科植物烟草中获得直系同源ovate基因(NTovate)的特异片段,经鉴定,此基因在烟草中至少有2个拷贝。在此基础上用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法,获得其中1个拷贝的1059bpNTovate全长cDNA序列。序列分析表明,NTovate cDNA序列编码352个氨基酸,其蛋白序列与番茄ovate蛋白序列和拟南芥ovate蛋白家族AtOFP7蛋白分别为70%和36%的序列一致率,而与此家族中其他蛋白以及水稻ovate蛋白仅在保守的ovate结构域有较低的同源性。此基因已在GenBank中登录(EU043369)。     

Cloning, expression, and sequence conservation of pathogenesis-related gene transcripts of potato

Treatment of potato tuber disks with arachidonic acid elicits the accumulation of several mRNAs. cDNA clones corresponding to two of these mRNAs were isolated and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals that both clones (pSTH-2 and pSTH-21) contain an open-reading frame coding for a 155-amino acid polypeptide. The polypeptides encoded by the two clones differ by only six amino acids and show a high degree of similarity with PR protein sequences from pea (approximately 42%) and parsley (approximately 37%). mRNAs corresponding to the two potato cDNA clones also accumulate in Solanum chacoense and in tomato following elicitor treatment. Maximum accumulation of the mRNAs corresponding to the two cDNA clones is reached 24 hr after elicitor treatment of the tuber disks. pSTH-2-related mRNAs also accumulate in tubers after wounding or treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and are detected in potato and tomato leaves treated with a Phytophthora infestans mycelium homogenate. The presence of these conserved genes in species from three plant families and the similarity of their induction pattern suggest an important function during the plant defense response.