抗EGFRvⅢ噬菌体抗体库的构建和筛选

目的:应用噬菌体展示技术筛选针对表皮生长因子受体突变体Ш(epidermal growth factorreceptor variant typeⅢ,EGFRvIII)的单链抗体(single chain Fv,scFv)。方法:利用原核表达纯化的人EGFRvIIIex蛋白和高表达EGFRvIIIex的小鼠成纤维细胞系NIH3T3免疫小鼠,扩增VH和VL片段并拼装成scFv基因,连接至噬菌粒pCANTAB5E,电击转化Hpd3cells,构建噬菌体单链抗体库,并进行3轮富集筛选。在第4轮筛选时,采用了降低抗原浓度的方法。然后将筛选得到的阳性克隆测序分析,转化E.coliHB2151,IPTG诱导可溶性scFv的表达。结果:构建了库容为7.9×107的噬菌体单链抗体库。经过第4轮低浓度抗原筛选,得到了较高亲和力的克隆。取单个阳性克隆测序分析结果表明,该抗EGFRvIII scFv基因序列长807bp,编码268个氨基酸。IPTG诱导后表达的可溶性scFv可分别与纯化的EGFRvⅢex抗原以及细胞表面的EGFRvⅢex结合。结论:利用噬菌体抗体库筛选得到了高亲和力的抗EGFRvⅢ scFv,为开发针对EGFRvⅢ...     

靶向GPC3的第四代嵌合抗原受体T细胞(分泌IL-7和CCL19)的构建以及功能

基于嵌合抗原受体修饰的T细胞(CAR-T)的过继免疫疗法已被证明是治疗恶性肿瘤最有希望的策略之一,但是目前其在实体瘤中的应用依然有限。研究表明磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3 (GPC3)对肝细胞癌来说是一种有意义的诊断、治疗和预后生物标志物,且已有利用第二代/第三代GPC3靶向的CAR-T细胞治疗肝细胞癌的研究报道。为了进一步提高治疗效果,构建同时表达GPC3 CAR、人源IL-7和CCL19细胞因子的第四代慢病毒载体,转染293T细胞包装慢病毒并感染人T淋巴细胞制备靶向GPC3的第四代CAR-T细胞(GPC3-BBZ-7×19)。利用细胞计数、趋化小室、荧光素酶生物发光法以及流式细胞术等比较其与第二代GPC3 CAR-T细胞(GPC3-BBZ)在增殖、迁移、杀伤以及亚型分布方面的区别,评估GPC3-BBZ-7×19 CAR-T细胞对免疫缺陷小鼠体内GPC3阳性的肝细胞癌腹腔移植瘤生长的作用。结果表明与GPC3-BBZ CAR-T细胞相比,GPC3-BBZ-7×19 CAR-T细胞具备更强的增殖能力、趋化能力以及记忆干细胞(Stem memory T cell,Tscm)组成比(P值均<0...     

稳定表达CD19-FLUC-GFP的CT26细胞系的构建及鉴定

实体瘤缺乏明确的嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, CAR-T)治疗靶点。因此,通过慢病毒将已经明确的靶点分子CD19带入实体瘤细胞系,研究CD19 CAR-T细胞对其的杀伤,能够为CAR-T细胞针对实体瘤的治疗提供潜在的支撑。本研究利用三质粒慢病毒系统构建了稳定表达CD19、萤火虫荧光素酶(firefly luciferase, FLUC)和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein, GFP)的结肠癌CT26细胞系CT26-CD19-FLUC-GFP。该细胞系与CT26细胞系的生长活性一致。通过流式细胞术检测不同代次CT26-CD19-FLUC-GFP细胞,证实了CT26-CD19-FLUC-GFP细胞连续传代至第5、10、22代后CD19及GFP的稳定表达。进一步证实,连续传代至第22代的CT26-CD19-FLUC-GFP细胞中的CD19 mRNA及FLUC表达水平显著高于对照组CT26细胞。与T细胞相比,CD19 CAR-T细胞能够显著杀伤CT26-CD19-FLUC-GFP细胞及MC38-CD19细胞。CT26-CD19-FLUC-GFP细胞腹腔植入小鼠体内1周后,通过活体成像仪可以检测到腹腔区域的FLUC表达。上述结果表明,成功构建了稳定表达CD19-FLUC-GFP的CT26细胞系,且该细胞系能够被CD19 CAR-T细胞特异性杀伤。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Th17和血清IL-6、IL-10与临床分期以及治疗效果的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者骨髓单个核细胞调节性T细胞（Treg）、辅助性T细胞（Th17）和血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）与临床分期以及治疗效果的关系。方法：选择2016年3月至2020年12月河北医科大学第一医院收治的MM患者60例为研究对象,检测并对比不同Durie-Salmon分期患者的骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Th17、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平;患者入院后均给予常规治疗,根据疗效分为有效组和无效组,比较两组治疗前后骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Th17、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平;分析Treg、Th17、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10与MM患者Durie-Salmon分期、治疗效果的相关性。结果：MM患者骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平III期组高于II期组,II期组高于I期组（P＜0.05）。有效组治疗后骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17水平及血清IL-6、IL-10水平较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平无效组高于有效组（P＜0.05）。骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平与MM患者Durie-Salmon分期呈正相关,与治疗效果呈负相关（P＜0.05）;骨髓单个核细胞Th17水平与MM患者的Durie-Salmon分期、治疗效果无明显的相关性（P＞0.05）。结论：骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17水平及血清IL-6、IL-10水平与MM患者肿瘤临床分期、治疗效果密切相关,检测其水平可对MM的临床治疗及预后起到一定评估作用。     

激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液致痫效应及其对大鼠脑内Glu和IL-2R表达的影响

目的探讨激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液(astrocytic conditioned medium,ACM)的致痫效应及其对脑内谷氨酸(Glu)和白细胞介素-2受体(interleukin-2recepter,IL-2R)表达的影响。方法本研究通过体外分离纯化培养,获取大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞(Ast),用睫状神经营养因子(cliary neurotrophic factor,CNTF)激活Ast,取其培养液。将大鼠随机分为2组:A组(生理盐水对照组)和B组(ACM组)。对大鼠行侧脑室注射相应试剂后,观察并记录大鼠行为,采用免疫组织化学方法检测海马及大脑皮质内Glu的含量及IL-2R的表达变化。结果大鼠在侧脑室注射ACM后,有痫样发作,程度达III-IV级。免疫组化染色显示,在注药后2h,该组的海马区及大脑皮质内Glu、IL-2R免疫应答阳性神经元均较对照组明显增多,免疫应答增强,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论星形胶质细胞激活后,其释放物有明显的致痫效应,其机制与促进脑内Glu和IL-2R表达有密切关系。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血调节性T细胞、Foxp3和IL-6的表达

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮（ systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE）患者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋调节性T细胞（regulatory T cells,Tregs）、roxp3 mRNA和血浆IL-6表达的意义。方法对38例SLE患者和16例正常人采用流式细胞术检测外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T regs百分率,RT-PCR检测roxp3 mRNA表达,ELISA法检测IL-6水平。结果①SLE活动组和非活动组的CD4^＋ CD25^＋ Tregs水平均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;②SLE活动组的roxp3 mRNA表达水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;③SLE活动组和非活动组血浆的IL-6水平均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,而且活动组显著高于非活动组（P〈0．05）;④38例SLE患者的CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs水平与SLEDAI评分呈显著性负相关（P〈0．01）,F0xp3mRNA水平与CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs呈显著性正相关（P〈0．01）,血浆IL-6水平与SLEDAI评分之间呈显著性正相关（P〈0．01）,血浆IL-6水平与CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs／CD4^＋细胞比值呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）。结论CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs和Foxp3以及IL-6可能在SLE的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。     

Construction and functional characterization of a fully human anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (huCAR)-expressing primary human T cells

Although remarkable results have been attained by adoptively transferring T cells expressing fully murine and/or humanized anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to treat B cell malignancies, evidence of human anti-mouse immune responses against CARs provides a rationale for the development of less immunogenic CARs. By developing a fully human CAR (huCAR), these human anti-mouse immune responses are likely eliminated. This, perhaps, not only increases the persistence of anti-CD19 CAR T cells—thereby reducing the risk of tumor relapse—but also facilitates administration of multiple, temporally separated doses of CAR T cells to the same recipient. To these ends, we have designed and constructed a second-generation fully human anti-CD19 CAR (or huCAR19) containing a fully human single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) fused with a CD8a hinge, a 4-1BB transmembrane domain and intracellular T cell signaling domains of 4-1BB and CD3z. T cells expressing this CAR specifically recognized and lysed CD19⁺ target cells produced cytokines and proliferated in vitro. Moreover, cell volume data revealed that our huCAR construct cannot induce antigen-independent tonic signaling in the absence of cognate antigen. Considering our results, our anti-CD19 huCAR may overcome issues of transgene immunogenicity that plague trials utilizing CARs containing mouse-derived ScFvs. These results suggest that this huCAR19 be safely and effectively applied for adaptive T cell immunotherapy in clinical practice.     

c-Myc is required for transformation of FDC-P1 cells by EGFRvIII

In contrast to wtEGFR, its truncated version EGFRvIII transformed non-tumorigenic FDC-P1 cells only when c-Myc was coexpressed. In nude mice, EGFRvIII/c-Myc coexpressing cells induced tumors, whereas wtEGFR-expressing EGF-dependent FDC-P1 cells did not. EGFRvIII function was required for both the induction and maintenance of tumor growth. Cellular proliferation was inhibited by a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicating intrinsic tyrosine kinase activities for both receptors. Unlike wtEGFR, constitutive signaling by EGFRvIII was refractory to stimulation by the EGFR ligands EGF and TGF-alpha. Summarized, EGFRvIII is a constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinase whose transforming capacity is lower than that of EGF-stimulated wtEGFR.     

Media evaluation for production and expansion of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells

Background

The use of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to treat B-cell malignancies has proven beneficial. Several groups use serum to produce CD19 CAR T cells. Today, ready-to-use serum-free media that require no addition of serum are commercially available. Therefore, it becomes important to evaluate the production of CD19 CAR T cells with and without the addition of serum.

血清CCL17、CXCR4与重度子痫前期患者Th17细胞的相关性分析及对母婴结局的影响

摘要 目的：探讨血清C-C基序趋化因子配体17（CCL17）、CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）与重度子痫前期（SPE）患者辅助性T细胞（Th）17细胞的相关性分析及对母婴结局的影响。方法：选择2018年3月至2021年3月苏州大学附属第二医院妇产科收治的169例SPE患者（SPE组）和77例健康孕产妇（对照组）。检测血清CCL 17、CXCR4水平和外周血Th17细胞及其细胞因子。Pearson分析血清CCL 17、CXCR4水平与外周血Th17细胞及其细胞因子的关系,多因素Logistic回归分析SPE母婴结局不良的相关因素。结果：SPE组血清CCL17、CXCR4水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）,外周血Th17细胞占比、血清白细胞介素（IL）-17水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。血清CCL17、CXCR4水平与外周血Th17细胞占比、血清IL-17水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。母婴结局不良53例,母婴结局良好116例,母婴结局不良组血清CCL 17、CXCR4水平低于母婴结局良好组（P＜0.05）。高Th17细胞占比、年龄大、低水平CCL17、CXCR4是SPE患者母婴结局不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：SPE患者血清CCL17、CXCR4水平降低,且与外周血Th17细胞占比增加,血清IL-17水平增高有关,低水平CCL17、CXCR4是SPE患者母婴结局不良的危险因素。     

IL-2 and IL-15 manifest opposing effects on activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells

IL-2 and IL-15 are cytokines involved in T cell activation and death. Their non-shared receptors, IL-2Ralpha and IL-15Ralpha, are important in the homeostasis of lymphocytes as evidenced by gene deletion studies. How these cytokine/receptor systems affect T cell antigen receptor signaling pathways is poorly understood. Here, we show that the IL-2 and IL-15 cytokine/receptor alpha systems regulate activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) in opposing ways. IL-15Ralpha increased while IL-2Ralpha decreased basal NF-AT activation status in a Jurkat transient transfection model. The effect of each of the alpha chain receptors on NF-AT activation was further opposed by addition of the respective cytokine. These effects were inhibited by anti-cytokine and anti-cytokine receptor reagents as well as by inhibitors of TCR signaling. These results suggest a novel pathway of cytokine action to regulate T cell signaling, activation, death, and homeostasis.     

Expansion of NK cells by engineered K562 cells co-expressing 4-1BBL and mMICA,combined with soluble IL-21

NK cells hold promise for protecting hosts from cancer and pathogen infection through direct killing and expressing immune-regulatory cytokines. In our study, a genetically modified K562 cell line with surface expression of 4-1BBL and MICA was constructed to expand functional NK cells in vitro for further adoptive immunotherapy against cancer. After a long-term up to 21 day co-culture with newly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of soluble IL-21 (sIL-21), notable increase in proportion of expanded NK cells was observed, especially the CD56^brightCD16⁺ subset. Apparent up-regulation of activating receptors CD38, CD69 and NKG2D was detected on expanded NK cells, so did inhibitory receptor CD94; the cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells against target tumor cells exceeded that of NK cells within fresh PBMCs. The intracellular staining showed expanded NK cells produced immune-regulatory IFN-γ. Taken together, we expanded NK cells with significant up-regulation of activating NKG2D and moderate enhancement of cytotoxicity, with IFN-γ producing ability and a more heterogeneous population of NK cells. These findings provide a novel perspective on expanding NK cells in vitro for further biology study and adoptive immunotherapy of NK cells against cancer.     

Expression of Fibroblast growth factor 19 (Fgf19) during chicken embryogenesis and eye development, compared with Fgf15 expression in the mouse

The normal development of eyes relies on proper signaling through Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors, but the source and identity of cognate ligands have remained largely unknown. We have found that Fgf19 is expressed in the developing chicken retina. In situ hybridization discloses dynamic expression patterns for Fgf19 in the optic vesicle, lens primordia and retinal horizontal cells. Overall expression pattern of Fgf19 during chicken embryogenesis was also examined: Fgf19 is expressed in the regions associated with cranial placodes induction, boundary regions of rhombomeres, somites, specific groups of neural cells in midbrain, hindbrain, and those derived from epibranchial placodes, and the apical ectodermal ridge of limb buds. Expression pattern of the Fgf19-orthologous gene Fgf15 was further examined in the mouse developing eye. Fgf15 is expressed in the optic vesicle, a subset of progenitor cells of neural retina, and emerging ganglion and amacrine cells during retinogenesis.     

Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CCL2 suppress expression of circadian gene Period2 in mammary epithelial cells

Chronic inflammation is known to contribute to tumor initiation and cancer progression. In breast tissue, the core circadian gene Period (PER)2 plays a critical role in mammary gland development and possesses tumor suppressor function. Interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 are among the most abundant cytokines in the inflammatory microenvironment. We found that acute stimulation by IL-6/CCL2 reduced PER2 expression in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Longer term exposure to IL-6/CCL2 suppressed PER2 to an even lower level. IL-6 activated STAT3/NFκB p50 signaling to recruit HDAC1 to the PER2 promoter. CCL2 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote ELK-1 cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation, recruit HDAC1 to the proximal PER2 promoter and facilitate DNMT3-EZH2-PER2 promoter association. Ectopic expression of PER2 inhibited IL-6 or CCL2 induced mammosphere forming ability and reduced sphere size indicating that PER2 repression in breast epithelial cells can be crucial to activate tumorigenesis in an inflammatory microenvironment. The diminished expression of PER2 can be observed over a time scale of hours to weeks following IL-6/CCL2 stimulation suggesting that PER2 suppression occurs in the early stage of the interaction between an inflammatory microenvironment and normal breast epithelial cells. These data show new mechanisms by which mammary cells interact with a cancerous microenvironment and provide additional evidence that PER2 expression contributes to breast tumorigenesis.