升温对祁连山东部青海云杉径向生长的影响

在祁连山东部西营河流域不同海拔采集年轮样品,利用树木年代学方法建立高海拔(3000 m)、中海拔(2750 m)、低海拔(2500 m)青海云杉标准化年表,将年轮宽度指数与不同时段气温和降水分别进行相关分析,研究祁连山东部不同海拔青海云杉径向生长对气候变暖的响应。结果表明: 水热是祁连山东部青海云杉径向生长的主要限制因子,不同海拔树木的生长限制因子基本一致。在显著升温之前(1961—1986年),低、中、高海拔3个样点的青海云杉径向生长均与上一年7—8月和当年8月平均最高温呈显著负相关,与当年6月相对湿度呈显著正相关。显著升温之后(1986—2014年),高、中、低海拔树木生长与气温仍呈显著负相关,而与当年2月的相对湿度由升温前的不显著负相关转为显著正相关,与6月降水和相对湿度由升温前的显著正相关转为不显著的负相关。升温导致祁连山东部各海拔青海云杉树轮生长变慢,其中高海拔所受影响最大。气候变暖导致的干旱胁迫可能是青海云杉径向生长发生变化的主要原因。     

Altitudinal difference of growth-climate response models in the north subtropical forests of China

Altitudinal difference increases the complexity of the response of tree growth to climate change in the mountainous areas, and may change the carbon sequestration capacity of forests under the ongoing warming climate. In this work, four tree-ring width chronologies from Pinus henryi Mast. growing at different altitudes of Shiyan, the northern subtropical China were developed. Results of Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis and redundancy analysis indicate that tree growth-climate response models can be divided into two types according to the altitudinal gradient: the high-altitude model, represented by SWD_H and WDS_H above 1330 m a.s.l., and the low-altitude model, represented by WDS_L and DDZ_L less than 1070 m a.s.l. The biggest difference between the two models is that tree growth at the low altitudes shows significantly negative response to temperature in the previous September–December and current April–May, and positive response to moisture conditions from the previous September to current May, April–May in particular; while the high-altitude ones show consistently positive responses to temperature in current February–April, but no significant response to seasonal moisture condition. The existence of a temperature-related altitudinal threshold between 1070 m a.s.l. to 1330 m a.s.l. may change the hydro-thermal combination models above and below the threshold, thus lead to the change of climatic response models along altitude gradient. 30-yr moving correlation analysis reveals that the relationships between tree growth and the limiting climatic factors present evident altitudinal difference: gradually strengthened at the high altitudes but weakened at the low altitudes. It is distinct that water availability and demand are critical for the growth of low-altitude trees, and high-altitude trees show a stronger positive response to climate warming, therefore could be an important carbon sink in the future. In addition, future forest management should focus on the low altitudes and formulate effective protection strategies.     

不同海拔和坡向马尾松树轮宽度对气候变化的响应

以马尾松树轮样芯为材料,利用树木年代学方法分别建立低海拔(260 m)、中海拔(460 m)、高海拔(690 m)及阳坡(270 m)、阴坡(265 m)处马尾松标准及差值年表,将树轮宽度指数与气候因子进行相关及冗余分析,并建立马尾松径向生长量与气候要素的最优多元回归模型,分析福建将乐地区树木径向生长特征及其与气候的关系随海拔及坡向的变化规律.结果表明:该区域马尾松径向生长在海拔梯度上主要受降水量影响,在坡向水平主要受温度影响;120个气候变量中,上年12月降水量及当年2月极端最低气温分别在海拔及坡向处与马尾松径向生长呈显著负相关.该研究定量描述气候变化对亚热带地区马尾松径向生长的影响,为气候变暖背景下将乐地区马尾松林的栽植及管理提供科学依据.     

Different trends and divergent responses to climate factors in the radial growth of Abies georgei along elevations in the central Hengduan Mountains

Climate change has been unprecedented in the last half-century. Tree growth dynamics and responses to climate warming at different elevations vary by study area due to regional diversity in site-specific climatic conditions in the central Hengduan Mountains. A. georgei is the dominant species in high-elevation montane forests in the central Hengduan Mountains. To study the response of A. georgei radial growth to climate and identify tree growth trends at different elevations, tree-ring width chronologies at four elevations across the subalpine A. georgei forest belt were built and growth-climate relationships were analyzed. The primary findings of this study were as follows: (1) radial growth rates of A. georgei decreased with elevation; (2) warming alleviated the limitation of low temperatures and abundant precipitation on tree radial growth at the highest sampling site; and (3) unlike at other elevations, the trend of trees basal area increment (BAI) at the lowest sampling site showed a significant decline over the past 20 years. This suggests the presence of an elevational inflection point, likely between 3800 m and 4000 m, where tree growth trends diverge. These results confirmed that A. georgei at higher elevation in the central Hengduan Mountains currently benefits from higher temperatures. However, the effects of drought on A. georgei at lower elevations would cause radial growth to decrease with climate warming. Therefore, it is critical to establish effective management strategies based on how A. georgei responds to climate change at various elevations.     

西藏东部主要建群树种径向生长对极端干旱的响应差异

不同坡向、不同海拔树木生长对极端干旱事件的响应可能不同,然而这方面的认识不足。为此,选取西藏东部珠角拉山阴、阳坡的建群树种川西云杉 (Picea likiangensis var. rubescens) 和大果圆柏 (Juniperus tibetica),在不同海拔高度建立了树轮宽度年表,分析了径向生长的气候响应,以及对极端干旱事件的抵抗力和恢复力。结果表明:阳坡大果圆柏和阴坡川西云杉的树木生长对气候的响应存在相似性,均与前一年3-6月、11-12月气温显著正相关,与当年4-5月气温显著负相关,与当年4-5月降水和帕尔默干旱指数 (PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index) 显著正相关 (P <0.05)。阳坡大果圆柏的抵抗力显著低于阴坡川西云杉。随着海拔升高,阴坡川西云杉树木个体的抵抗力和恢复力均显著提高,而阳坡大果圆柏树木个体抵抗力、恢复力在不同海拔无显著区别。结合混合效应模型表明树木抵抗力主要受当年4-5月平均最高气温限制,树木恢复力主要受干旱事件后四年4-5月平均最高气温限制 (P <0.01),说明生长季高温引起的极端干旱是树木径向生长下降的主要原因。     

Climate response of Picea schrenkiana based on tree-ring width and maximum density

The effect of global warming on alpine forests is complex. It is crucial, therefore, to investigate the effects of climate change on the radial growth of trees at different altitudes. The tree growth–climate relationship remains poorly understood at large spatial scales in the Tianshan Mountains, China. Schrenk spruce (P. schrenkiana) is a unique tree species to this area. In this study, we collected tree-ring width and maximum density data from nine plots along an altitudinal gradient. Results showed that altitude affected both tree-ring width and maximum density. At high altitudes, tree-ring width was positively correlated with temperature in February of the current year. Tree-ring width was also positively correlated with precipitation in July of the previous year, and January and July of the current year, and negatively correlated with the monthly diurnal temperature range (DTR). At low altitudes, tree-ring width was negatively correlated with temperature in the early growing season and the growing season. Tree-ring width was positively correlated with precipitation in June and September of the previous year, and May of the current year. The tree-ring maximum density was positively correlated with temperature and the DTR of the growing season, and negatively correlated with precipitation in winter and growing season. Moving correlation analysis showed that the positive response of tree-ring width to precipitation in the growing season was enhanced over time at high altitudes. In the low-altitude trees, the negative response of tree-ring width to temperature in the growing season was reduced, while the positive response to precipitation in the growing season was enhanced. The positive response relationship between tree-ring maximum density and the temperature in July weakened over time. At low altitudes, the negative response of tree-ring maximum density to winter precipitation was strengthened, and a stable negative response to July precipitation was observed. As the climate becomes wetter and warmer in the Tianshan Mountains, our results suggest that the radial growth of trees may benefit at elevations above 2400 m a.s.l. There was no obvious elevation limit for the increase in tree-ring maximum density. These findings provide a basis for sustainable forest management under global climate change.     

芦芽山阳坡不同海拔华北落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应

为研究树木生长对气候变化的响应状况,选取芦芽山阳坡的3个海拔高度建立了华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)的树轮宽度年表。年表的统计参数表明,3条年表均为研究气候信息的可靠资料。结果表明,芦芽山阳坡华北落叶松的径向生长和生长与气候的关系均具有海拔差异,中海拔(2440 m)和高海拔(2540 m)的华北落叶松具有相似年际生长变化,而二者均与低海拔(2330 m)华北落叶松的年际生长不同。低海拔华北落叶松的生长与4月平均气温和上一年11月降水量显著负相关,而中海拔和高海拔的生长均与上一年10月平均气温和6月降水量显著负相关。通过年表与气候因子之间的滑动相关分析发现,3个海拔高度华北落叶松生长与气候因子的关系均不稳定,生长与气温条件之间的显著相关关系是随着气温升高而出现的。气温的升高引起了华北落叶松生长与气温因子关系的海拔差异,以及径向生长的海拔差异。这一结果对于气候变化对植被垂直梯度影响的研究具有一定参考价值。     

芦芽山阳坡不同海拔白杄径向生长对气候变暖的响应

使用树轮生态学方法研究了山西芦芽山建群种白杄(Picea meyeri)径向生长对气候变暖的响应状况, 发现随着气温升高, 不同海拔白杄生长与气候因子关系的变化存在差别。研究区气温可以分为1958-1983年的气温降低阶段和1984-2007年的气温升高阶段。由气温降低阶段进入气温升高阶段, 低海拔白杄树轮年表的序列间相关系数和第一主成分解释量均增大, 而高海拔白杄树轮年表的序列间相关系数和第一主成分解释量均减小, 表明气候条件对低海拔白杄生长的影响增强而对高海拔白杄生长的影响减弱。随着气温升高, 不同海拔白杄径向生长与气候因子的关系均出现了变化。1958-1983年, 低海拔(2 060 m)白杄生长与7月降水量显著正相关(p < 0.05), 而在1984-2007年, 这一关系表现为极显著正相关(p < 0.01), 同时与生长季中5-7月平均气温呈现显著负相关(p < 0.05)。海拔2 330 m, 白杄在1958-1983年与7月降水量极显著正相关(p < 0.01), 进入1984-2007年后与气候因子没有显著相关关系。海拔2 440 m, 白杄生长由1958-1983年的与气候因子没有显著相关关系转变为1984-2007年的与上一年10月平均气温显著负相关(p < 0.05)。高海拔(2 540 m)白杄生长在1958-1983年与上一年11月平均气温极显著负相关(p < 0.01), 在1984-2007年与上一年10月、当年1月平均气温和6月降水量均显著负相关(p < 0.05)。滑动相关分析结果表明, 随着气温升高, 低海拔主要气候因子对生长的影响增强, 而高海拔主要气候因子对生长的影响减弱, 这可能成为高海拔白杄生长对气温升高敏感性降低的原因。在气候变暖的驱动下, 海拔引起的白杄生长与气候因子关系的差异发生了变化。     

High-altitude tree growth responses to climate change across the Hindu Kush Himalaya

兴都库什喜马拉雅地区高海拔树木生长对气候变化的响应 高海拔地区快速升温可能导致树木对温度响应更为敏感,而限制高海拔地区树木生长的关键气候因子以及气候变化对树木生长产生多大程度的影响尚不清楚。本研究在兴都库什喜马拉雅地区收集了73 个样点的树轮数据,包括3个优势属的树种(Abies属、Juniperus属和Picea属),样点海拔均在3000 m以上。 将时间动态规整(dynamic time warping)的方法用于建立亚区域年表,以考虑不同站点年表之间变化的同步 性。同时,定量分析了气候因子对树木生长的贡献以及树木生长与气候因子关系的时空动态。研究结果发现,73个站点年表可以聚为3类,且与其所处的生物气候区相对应,即西喜马拉雅地区,中东喜马拉雅地区和藏东南地区。在干旱的西喜马拉雅地区,树木生长与冬、春两季的降水呈正相关关系,而在湿润的藏东南地区,树木生长与冬季温度和春季降水呈正相关关系。树木生长受最低温度的影响最大,特别是冬季温度,其重要性从西到东呈现递增趋势。滑动窗口相关分析表明,在中西喜马拉雅地区,影响树木生长的冬季温度信号在减弱,然而在藏东南地区该信号随着1980年以来的快速升温而增强。本研究结果表明,若该地区升温持续,在西喜马拉雅地区可能会因变暖引起的水分亏缺而造成森林衰退,而在藏东南地区因树木生长得益于变暖而使得森林扩张。     

南盘江流域云南松径向生长对气候暖干化的响应

全球气候变暖背景下, 西南地区气候呈现出明显的暖干化特征, 但区域优势树种云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)对气候暖干化的响应存在不确定性。该研究根据树木年代学方法选择研究区域87株云南松样本进行树芯采集, 构建云南松树轮年表, 结合1952-2016年的气温和降水等气象资料, 利用响应分析、多元回归分析以及滑动相关分析等方法研究了影响南盘江流域云南松径向生长的关键气候因子及其对气候暖干化的响应规律。研究结果表明: 1985年以来, 研究区域气候暖干化特征明显, 气温上升和降水量下降的速率是1984年前的5和6倍, 年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温的上升速率为0.044、0.041和0.050 ℃·a ^-1, 年降水量的下降速率为 6.02 mm·a ^-1。气候暖干化使云南松的生长对温度响应的敏感度降低, 对水分响应的敏感度增强, 气温的解释率由暖干化前的44.95%下降到21.97%, 水分的解释率由暖干化前的55.05%上升到78.03%。暖干化增强了当年气候因子对径向生长的影响, 减弱了上年气候因子的影响, 与径向生长显著相关的当年气候因子增加了3个, 当年气候因子对径向生长的解释率增加了16.05%。暖干化减弱了云南松生长的“滞后效应”, 气候变化对树木生长影响的时效性增强。在5-7月和9-11月, 气候变暖使径向生长与气温、水分的响应关系变得不稳定。该研究可为气候暖干化区域云南松林的经营、管理以及区域气候重建提供理论依据和基础数据。     

伊春地区红松和红皮云杉径向生长对气候变化的响应

树木生长-气候关系对准确评估气候变化对森林生态系统影响、预测森林生产力与植被动态及揭示树木对气候变化的响适应策略至关重要。在全球变暖背景下,升温可能会对树木的生长产生影响,从而改变区域森林生态系统的生产力或碳储量。本研究利用生长-气候响应函数、滑动相关分析等树木年轮学方法,探讨伊春地区阔叶红松林内红松和红皮云杉径向生长的主要限制因子及两者径向生长对快速升温(1980年后)响应的异同。结果表明:1980年前红松径向生长有明显加速的趋势,红皮云杉上升趋势较弱;而1980年后红松径向生长趋势显著下降,红皮云杉则下降不明显。红皮云杉径向生长与上一年9月及当年6月平均气温显著负相关,而红松径向生长与上一年12月及当年1月、4月和6月最低气温显著正相关。1980年快速升温后,高温对两树种生长的抑制作用增强,尤其是红松。生长季末(9月)降水对红松和红皮云杉的限制作用由升温前的负相关转变为升温后的显著正相关。温度是限制红松和红皮云杉径向生长的主要气候因子,降水影响相对较弱;其中红松径向生长对气候变化的响应比红皮云杉更敏感。快速升温后,红松和红皮云杉生长-气候关系的变化可能与升温导致的暖干旱化有关。若气候变暖持续或加剧,二者径向生长的气候限制因子也将由温度转变为水分;红松和红皮云杉会出现生长衰退,尤其是红松。     

Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species

Extreme climate events (ECEs) such as severe droughts, heat waves, and late spring frosts are rare but exert a paramount role in shaping tree species distributions. The frequency of such ECEs is expected to increase with climate warming, threatening the sustainability of temperate forests. Here, we analyzed 2,844 tree‐ring width series of five dominant European tree species from 104 Swiss sites ranging from 400 to 2,200 m a.s.l. for the period 1930–2016. We found that (a) the broadleaved oak and beech are sensitive to late frosts that strongly reduce current year growth; however, tree growth is highly resilient and fully recovers within 2 years; (b) radial growth of the conifers larch and spruce is strongly and enduringly reduced by spring droughts—these species are the least resistant and resilient to droughts; (c) oak, silver fir, and to a lower extent beech, show higher resistance and resilience to spring droughts and seem therefore better adapted to the future climate. Our results allow a robust comparison of the tree growth responses to drought and spring frost across large climatic gradients and provide striking evidence that the growth of some of the most abundant and economically important European tree species will be increasingly limited by climate warming. These results could serve for supporting species selection to maintain the sustainability of forest ecosystem services under the expected increase in ECEs.     

树木年内径向生长对干旱事件的响应——以贺兰山油松为例

在贺兰山苏峪口国家森林公园,利用径向生长测量仪监测2017和2018年2个生长季内、2个海拔(2010和2330 m)油松的径向生长,研究树木径向生长对干旱的响应。结果表明: 2018年6月的干旱事件使得油松径向生长速率减慢,生长量减小;而7—8月的降水使油松的径向生长重新激活。2018年油松的径向生长主要发生在6—8月,相比2017年延长一个月。油松径向生长与气候因子的响应关系在不同海拔间没有明显的差异。生长季早期干旱对树木径向生长有抑制作用,生长季中后期降水对树木径向生长具有促进作用。该区的气候重建工作中应当充分考虑8月的气候要素对树轮宽度的影响。     

天山东部不同海拔西伯利亚落叶松对气候变暖的响应分析

利用树木年轮气候学方法,探讨了在气候变暖情景下,天山东部上中下限西伯利亚落叶松（Larix sibirica）树木径向生长与气候因子之间的响应关系,并利用冗余分析对其关系进行了验证。结果表明：不同海拔的差值年表（RES）要比标准年表（STD）的特征参数大,具有更高的信噪比和平均敏感度,含有较多的环境信息且更能代表树木总体变化;海拔2160m处的年表（L1）在快速升温（1985年）后,树木年轮宽度与降水和温度的相关性明显减弱;海拔2430m处的年表（L2）在两个时段内与降水和温度的关系均较弱;海拔2700m处的年表（L3）在1985~2013年时段内对降水和气温的正响应均增强。树木径向生长对单月气候因子的响应在前一年11、12月份显著性更高,当年6、7月份气温与树轮宽度指数具有更高的相关性。气候变暖使树木径向生长不断减小的特征在低海拔地区表现更为明显。上中下限西伯利亚落叶松对气温升高的敏感性降低。高海拔地区西伯利亚落叶松的径向生长主要受温度的影响,而中低海拔地区主要受降水与温度的共同影响。     

玉龙雪山东坡不同海拔长苞冷杉径向生长与气候因子的关系

基于树木年代学方法,利用玉龙雪山东坡长苞冷杉树轮宽度资料,分别建立了3个海拔(低、中、高)长苞冷杉差值年表(RES),并利用响应分析与冗余分析(RDA)研究其径向生长与温度和降水的相关关系,分析影响玉龙雪山长苞冷杉径向生长的主要气候因子.结果表明: 玉龙雪山不同海拔长苞冷杉径向生长受气候变化的影响具有一致性,温度和降水共同作用于径向生长,这种一致性与玉龙雪山地形陡峭以及长苞冷杉的高海拔分布与浅根特性有关.不同海拔长苞冷杉径向生长均与当年7月和上年11月平均温以及当年1月降水量呈显著正相关,而与当年6月降水量呈显著负相关.响应分析与冗余分析的综合应用能够准确揭示环境梯度上树木生长与气候因子的关系.本研究可为该地区历史气候重建以及森林经营管理提供科学依据.     

秦岭中西部油松径向生长对气候因子的响应差异研究

在气候变暖背景下,树木径向生长对气候因子的响应会随区域干湿变化而有所差异。秦岭属于气候敏感区和生态脆弱区,南北气候特征差异明显,分析气候变化背景下树木径向生长对气候因子及干旱事件的响应,对准确预测未来气候变化对树木生长的影响至关重要。为探究该地区不同干湿环境下油松对气候因子及干旱事件响应的特点及差异,共采集秦岭中西部南北坡共4个样点的油松树轮样芯,利用树木年轮生态学的方法,分析各地油松年表与气候因子之间的关系,通过计算抵抗力、恢复力、恢复弹力等指标探究树木径向生长对干旱事件的应对能力,结果表明：1)在西部和北坡的3个样点,油松径向生长主要与前一年7—9月、当年5—7月的气温呈显著负相关,与当年5月降水呈显著正相关,在中部南坡油松径向生长主要与当年2—4月、9月气温呈显著正相关,与当年4月降水呈显著负相关;2)生长季气温升高所引发的水分亏缺,是研究区西部和北坡油松径向生长受限制的主要原因,且中部南坡油松生长受气温和干旱因子的制约要明显弱于其它3个样点;3)西部北坡油松对干旱的抵抗能力、恢复能力及恢复弹力均弱于西部南坡及中部北坡油松。在未来对研究区树木的管理与保护工作中,应更加关注西部北坡...     

Radial growth response of four dominant boreal tree species to climate along a latitudinal gradient in the eastern Canadian boreal forest

To address the central question of how climate change influences tree growth within the context of global warming, we used dendroclimatological analysis to understand the reactions of four major boreal tree species –Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, Picea mariana, and Pinus banksiana– to climatic variations along a broad latitudinal gradient from 46 to 54°N in the eastern Canadian boreal forest. Tree‐ring chronologies from 34 forested stands distributed at a 1° interval were built, transformed into principal components (PCs), and analyzed through bootstrapped correlation analysis over the period 1950–2003 to identify climate factors limiting the radial growth and the detailed radial growth–climate association along the gradient. All species taken together, previous summer temperature (negative influences), and current January and March–April temperatures (positive influences) showed the most consistent relationships with radial growth across the gradient. Combined with the identified species/site‐specific climate factors, our study suggested that moisture conditions during the year before radial growth played a dominant role in positively regulating P. tremuloides growth, whereas January temperature and growing season moisture conditions positively impacted growth of B. papyrifera. Both P. mariana and P. banksiana were positively affected by the current‐year winter and spring or whole growing season temperatures over the entire range of our corridor. Owing to the impacts of different climate factors on growth, these boreal species showed inconsistent responsiveness to recent warming at the transition zone, where B. papyrifera, P. mariana, and P. banksiana would be the most responsive species, whereas P. tremuloides might be the least. Under continued warming, B. papyrifera stands located north of 49°N, P. tremuloides at northern latitudes, and P. mariana and P. banksiana stands located north of 47°N might benefit from warming winter and spring temperatures to enhance their radial growth in the coming decades, whereas other southern stands might be decreasing in radial growth.     

长白山东坡不同海拔长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应

为了解高山林线附近树木生长对气候变化的敏感性, 选取长白山东坡火山喷发后形成的过渡性植物群落长白落叶松(又称黄花落叶松) (Larix olgensis)林为研究对象, 并建立不同海拔高度长白落叶松的3个年轮宽度年表, 研究不同生境长白落叶松径向生长对气候变化的响应, 并利用冗余分析对不同海拔的年轮指数与气候因子的关系做进一步分析。主要结果如下: (1)高海拔年轮年表的统计特征更显著, 比低海拔径向生长对气候因子的响应更加敏感; (2)高海拔径向生长主要受上年生长季前期和生长季气温的限制, 尤其是上年6月和8月气温的限制作用, 低海拔径向生长主要与降水量有关, 受当年9月降水量和当年8月帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI)的共同影响; (3)林线内树木对气候响应的敏感性强于林线外, 林线外小生境的异质性及干扰事件频发可能掩盖了树木对气候因子的敏感性, 林线下方可能是检验林线处树木生长对气候响应平均状态的最佳位置; (4)不同海拔年轮年表与气候因子的冗余分析与响应函数分析的结果基本一致, 进一步证明了冗余分析可以有效地量化树轮指数与气候因子的关系。该研究为全球变暖背景下长白山东坡长白落叶松林的管理及该区域气候重建提供了基础数据。     

Response of radial growth to climate change for Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain,Northeast China

AimsTo further understand the sensitivity of tree growth to climate change and its variation with altitude, particularly the growth-climate relationship near the timberline, the radial growth of Larix olgensis in an oldgrowth forest along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain was investigated. MethodsThe relationships between climate factors and tree-ring index were determined using bootstrapped response functions analysis with the software DENDROCLIM2002. Redundancy analysis, a multivariate “direct” gradient analysis, and its ordination axes were constrained to represent linear combinations with meteorological elements. The analysis was used to clarify the relationship between tree-ring width indexes at different elevations and climate factors during the period 1959-2009.Important findings indicated: (1) Tree ring chronologies from high altitudes were more superior than other samples in terms of growth-climate relationship, revealing that trees at high altitudes are more sensitive to climate variation than at low sites, (2) Tree growth was mainly affected by temperatures of from before and through growing season in previous year, especially in June and August. In comparison, tree growth in the low elevation was regulated by the combination of precipitation of August and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) of September in current year, (3) Trees growing below timberline appeared to be more sensitive to climate warming; small extents of habitat heterogeneity or disturbance events beyond timberline may have masked the response, hence the optimal sites for examining growth trends as a function of climate variation are considered to be just below timberline, and (4) Redundancy analysis between the three chronologies and climate factors showed the same results as that of the correlation analysis and response function analysis, and this is in support of previous conclusion that redundancy analysis is also effective in quantifying the relationship between tree-ring indexes and climate factors.     

庐山不同海拔日本柳杉年轮宽度对气候因子的响应

以庐山自然保护区3个不同海拔样地采集的138根日本柳杉样芯为研究材料,利用树木年轮学方法分析其径向生长与季节和月气候因子的响应关系。结果表明:低海拔处日本柳杉径向生长对气候因子的响应相比于中、高海拔更敏感;中、低海拔径向生长与春季相对湿度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),低海拔径向生长与春季日照时数、夏季均温呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而中海拔径向生长与夏、秋季均温呈显著负相关(P<0.05);高海拔径向生长与各个季节气候因子表现出一定的相关性,但相关性不显著;3个海拔径向生长均与当年1月均温呈显著正相关(P<0.05),中、低海拔径向生长与上年7月及当年7月均温呈显著负相关(P<0.05),高温会抑制树木的生长,低海拔径向生长与当年4月空气相对湿度、降水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与当年4月日照时数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),随海拔的升高相关性降低;庐山日本柳杉径向生长与主要气候要素之间的相关性呈现出明显的季节性,日本柳杉径向生长主要受上年7及7月均温和4月空气相对湿度的影响,海拔是影响日本柳杉径向生长对气候因子响应的重要因素,最终建立的标准年轮宽度年表适合进行树木年轮气候学的研究。