云南松地理种源的研究

在云南松全分布区内,按不同经纬度、海拔采集种源,共收到６４个种源进行栽培试验。６年的试验材料证明,各种源间生长差异极为显著,筛选出了苗高为对照１１８．１－１３４．６％的９个优良种源。对云南松形态和持征的地理变异规律及其相互间的关系进行了初步探讨。为云南松种源选择和早鉴定提供依据。     

云南松地理种源研究 Ⅰ.苗期试验

对来自27个不同种源的云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Fr.)进行苗期试验,测定苗高和地径生长量,并对其21个月生的苗高和地径进行方差分析。结果表明:不同种源的云南松在相同试验条件下,其苗高和地径差异极为显著,初步选出其苗高超过对照(安宁种源)175.3—205.3％的10个种源,可供造林试验用种。本试验还对云南松形态特征的地理变异规律及其相互间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

油松针叶萜类组分相对含量的地理变异

在油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）主要天然分布区晋、冀、陕、甘４省、选择１２个种源３６个林分（每个林分８株成年油松样木）,利用气相色谱和气质联用技术,测定了油松针叶萜类相对含量,并分析了所含萜类总数在不同种源间、种源同偿同林分间的差异。     

杉木种源胸径生长地理变异规律的研究

“ｋｒｉｇｅ”技术是空间内插稀疏观测资料的随机方法。本文应用该方法,对全国杉木种源试验５５个试验点的４３个共同种源的胸径生长结果进行地理变异分析。结果表明：“ｋｒｉｇｅ”空间内插技术能准确反映杉木种源胸径生长的地理变异规律,拟合优度达到９１．７％。用４３个种源中的３３个杉木种源胸径生长作为已知点预测剩余１０个杉木种源胸径生长,预测精度达９５．８５％,说明用“ｋｒｉｇｅ”技术研究杉木种源地理变异是可行的,也为种源区划提供了有力的新工具。     

云南松半同胞家系初期子代测定

对收集的云南松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ　ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）２９２个半同胞家系进行栽培试验,经方差分析知各家系子代间高生长有极显著差异,真正的优树占参试总数的２９．７％（广西）;树高广义遗传力为５８．０％,遗传增益为３８．８９％;同一林分内家系间高生长变异幅度小于林分之间的变异幅度。     

云南松生长的早晚期相关初探

云南松生长的早晚期相关初探皮文林,罗方书,万国华,尹擎（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２４０）关键词云南松,地理种源,相关系数ＴＨＥＥＡＲＬＩＥＲ－ＬＡＴＥＲＰＥＲＩＯＤＣＯＲＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＩＮＣＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＰＩＮＵＳＹＵＮＮＡＮＥＮ...     

不同种源青檀种子的营养成分及种子活力的差异

以采自安徽（ＡＨ）、山东（ＳＤ）及江苏（ＪＳ）的６个青檀（ＰｔｅｒｏｃｅｌｔｉｓｔａｔａｒｉｎｏｗｉＭａｘｉｍ．）种源种子为材料,测定各种源种子营养成分含量及种子活力。６个种源种子的蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉及粗脂肪含量存在较大差异。在种子品质上,６个种源的种子千粒重、浸泡液电导率及简化种子活力指数（ＳＶＩＳ）也存在显著差异。种子中各营养成分含量的高低与ＳＶＩＳ的大小密切相关,复相关系数达０８２２３,以蛋白质含量对ＳＶＩＳ的影响最大,淀粉和粗脂肪含量影响次之,可溶性糖含量影响最小。采用模糊聚类分析法,以种子千粒重、电导率及ＳＶＩＳ为评价指标,可将６个种源的种子品质划分为三大类：第一类包括ＳＤ１、ＡＨ１和ＪＳ１３个种源,种子品质较好;第二类仅为ＡＨ３种源,品质中等;第三类包括ＡＨ２和ＳＤ２２个种源,品质较差。     

卵果松地理种源试验

对来自中美洲4个国家16个地区的卵果松(Pinus oocarpa)种源进行苗期试验,测定苗高和地径生长量,并对其55个月生的苗高和地径进行方差分析,共结果发现:不同种源的卵果松,在同一试验地上,其苗高、地径差异极为显著,初步选出超过对照114—125％的种源,滇南海拔1200米以下地区可引种洪都拉斯种源造林。本试验还对卵果松形态特征的地理变异规律及其相互间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

云南省西双版纳及邻近地区陆生贝类的新种记述与动物地理学分析 …

本文分析了西双版纳及近地区陆生贝类地理分布结果,认为以东洋界的成分为主,因其所处的地理位置、植被等决定。调查中共发现１１新种,文中报道了６个新种和１４个中国新记录：即勐仑士鸥螺Ｇｅｏｒｉｓｓａ ｍｅｎｇｌｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,微小倍唇螺Ｄｉｐｌｏｍｍａｔｉｎａ ｍｉｎｕｓｃｕｌｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,肘形倍唇螺Ｄ．ｅｌｂｏｗ－ｆｏｒｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,勐仑蛹螺Ｐｕｐｉｎａ ｍｅｎｇｌｕｎ     

不同种源麻栎生长性状的地理变异

本研究在江西永丰、浙江开化和安徽滁州3个试验点,以32个种源的麻栎试验林为对象,分析了不同种源间林木生长变异、主要经济性状(地上单株生物量)随林龄的动态变化,并基于AMMI模型进行生长性状稳定性分析和优良种源选择。结果表明: 3个试验点麻栎不同种源间的树高、胸(地)径和地上单株生物量均具有显著差异。麻栎地上单株生物量受地点、种源、种源×地点交互作用的显著影响,其中地点对生长变异影响最大,其次为种源和种源×地点。不同地点麻栎苗期(1～3年生)和幼林期(4～11年生)优良种源的选择结果具有较大差异。根据第11年地上单株生物量分别筛选了在当地表现较好的种源,江西永丰试验点7个优良种源,高出试验点均值15.6%～57.8%;浙江开化试验点7个优良种源,高出试验点均值19.2%～45.2%;安徽滁州试验点8个优良种源,高出试验点均值24.9%～63.3%。综合生长量和稳定性表现,筛选出4个适于3个地理区域短轮伐期炭用林培育的优良种源,这些种源地上单株生物量均值为36.55 kg,稳定性参数均值为0.97。     

提高成年云南山楂树试管培养苗生根率的方法

用成年云南山楂(Crataegus scabrifolia(Franch)Rehd.树的无菌增殖芽苗作为生根试验材料。结果表明：接种在含生长素(IBA、NAA)0.01-1.0mg/1的MS/2培养基中,芽苗的平均生根率为50.4%;在高浓度(150-250mg/1)生长素溶液中浸泡芽苗基部30分钟,然后接种到无生长素的MS/2培养基中,其生根率为60.1%;用高浓度生长素液蘸芽苗基部的生根率为83.5%;芽苗在含IBA1-5mg/1的培养基中培养2-4天,然后转入MS/2培养基中诱导生根,生根率可达92%以上,根伸长正常。黑暗条件明显抑制生根,每日16小时至24小时光照对芽苗生根有益。     

云南松种质资源遗传多样性研究概况

云南松是西南地区造林的先锋树种,对其遗传多样性的研究也较多,为了更好地利用这一优良的林木资源,本文从形态、染色体、生理生化和DNA水平对云南松种质资源多样性的研究进行了综述,并对今后云南松种质资源遗传基础研究工作进行展望,旨在为推动云南松种质资源收集、保存、合理利用和开发提供参考。     

不同温度下云南松对纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌的抗性变化

温度对云南松的抗性以及纵坑切梢小蠢伴生菌的生长和致病力有着重要的影响。温度变化将导致二者之间的对抗力量的变化：在温度低于10℃和高于30℃条件下,云南松的生理代谢、抗性以及伴生菌的生长都将受到抑制,但伴生菌受到的抑制作用更大,云南松的抗性相对增强;在15～30℃温度范围内。纵坑切梢小蠢伴生菌生长较快。云南松的抗性相对减弱。结果表明,在温度相对适中的条件下,纵坑切梢小蠢伴生菌的生长侵染力相对增强,而云南松的抗性相对减弱。     

Maternal lineages of Pinus densata,a diploid hybrid

Previous morphological, allozyme and chloroplast DNA data have suggested that Pinus densata originated through hybridization between P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensis. In the present study, sequence and restriction site analyses of maternally inherited mitochondrial nad1 intron were used to detect variation patterns in 19 populations of P. tabuliformis, P. yunnanensis and P. densata. A total of three mitotypes (A, B, C) were detected. All but one of the populations of P. yunnanensis possessed mitotype B while all populations of P. tabuliformis had mitotype A. Pinus densata populations, on the other hand, harboured both mitotypes A and B, which are characteristic of P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensis, respectively. This result gives strong additional evidence supporting the hybrid origin of this diploid pine. The distribution of mitotypes indicated very different mating compositions and evolutionary history among P. densata populations. It seems that local founder populations and backcrosses may have played important roles in the early establishment of P. densata populations. The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau had a significant impact on the distribution of maternal lineages of P. densata populations.     

云南松及其近缘种的遗传变异与亲缘关系

The authors investigated the genetic diversity of 29 natural populations representing Pinus yunnanensis Franch. and its two close relatives, P. densata Mast. and P. kesiya Royle ex Gordn. var. langbianensis (A Chey.) Gaussen. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed for macrogametophytes collected from populations in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guangxi. Allozyme data for 33 loci of 14 enzymes demonstrated high levels of genetic variation at both population and species levels in comparison with other conifers, with the mean values for populations being P=0.694, A=2.0 and He=0.145 for P. yunnanensis; P=0.714, A=2.0 and He=0.174 for P. densata; and P=0.758, A=2.1 and He=0.184 for P. kesiya var. langbianensis. Based on Wright's F-statistics, the fixation index of P. yunnanensis, P. densata and P. kesiya var.langbianensis were 0.101, 0.054 and 0.143, respectively, indicating that the populations were largely under random mating. Based on Nei's genetic distance, the genetic differentiation was not obvious among the three species (i.e. the genetic distance was less than 0.075). Because of the wider distribution of P. yunnanensis with greater variety of habitats, it was shown that the genetic differentiation among the P. yunnanensis populations was larger than that of the populations of the other two species. According to morphological, geographic and allozymic evidences, the authors suggested that the three species be better treated as varieties under a single species. In addition, the extensive gene flow among the three pine species resulted in great genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. Also, high level of genetic variation of P. yunnanensis provides important basis for its genetic improvement and breeding in future.     

红松种源材质性状研究

对帽儿山地区17 年生26 个红松种源试验林进行了材质性状研究, 主要包括材质性状在不同种源间遗传变异情况以及从髓心到树皮径向变异模式研究。结果表明:红松各项材质在不同种源间均存在着极显著差异。各项材质均存在着一定的径向变异模式, 主要表现在:红松各种源的管胞长度、管胞直径、木材密度和晚材率总体趋势是从髓心向外呈迅速增加趋势, 而年轮宽从髓心向外呈递减趋势。本项研究为红松材性早期选择和预测提供依据。     

Variability of some phenolic acids in phloem of 1-year-old shoots of Scots pine trees growing with Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.

 HPLC chromatographic analyses of some phenolic acids in phloem of 1-year-old shoots sampled from 32 trees of eight Polish provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing under conditions of annosum root [Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.] are discussed. Considerable quantitative and qualitative differentiation was found among individual trees. The variability of trees was estimated with regard to the level of phenolic acids and correlations were established in order to assess the character of their joint occurrence in shoot phloem. In view of pathogen presence, the content of phenolic acids varies between individuals depending upon the genotype of pine, the stage of development of the disease and upon the effect of tree growth conditions. Received: 23 April 1997 / Accepted: 12 September 1997     

广西细叶云南松群系的初步研究

细叶云南松是云南松原种从中亚热带温凉的云南高原向东迁移,适应南亚热带于热河谷的一个变种。它广泛分布在南盘江下游两岸海拔300-1600米的丘陵山地,常常构成大面积的天然森林,群落类型多种多样。它们的形成和分布与所在地的气候、地貌、土壤和人为生产活动特别是垦殖和烧山的影响有密切的联系。本文比较详尽地划分和论述了这个区域广西范围内细叶云南松群系各个群丛的基本特点和分布规律,指出了它们的演替趋势和经营管理应采取的主要措施。