National Museum of Plant History of China

ＴｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＭｕｓｅｕｍｏｆＰｌａｎｔＨｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｈｅｒｂａｒｉｕｍ,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．Ｉｔｗａｓｂｕｉｌｔｉｎ１９９６ａｎｄｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎ１９９８．ＩｔｗａｓｉｎｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙＺｈｏｕＧｕａｎｇｚｈａｏ,Ｔｈｅｖｉｃｅ -ＣｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆＳｔａｎｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｆＣｈｉｎｅ…     

In Memory of Professor WANG Ying-Lai

ＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＷＡＮＧＹｉｎｇ Ｌａｉ,ｗｏｒｌｄ ｒｅｎｏｗｎｅｄｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔａｎｄａｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ｐａｓｓｅｄａｗａｙａｔ 19:10 ,Ｍａｙ 5,2 0 0 1ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍａｎｉｎｃｕｒａｂｌｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｎ ,ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔＰａｒｔｙｈａｓｌｏｓｔａｎｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇａｌｌｈｉｓｌｉｆｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｎＣ…     

异细胞质信息八倍体小偃麦（Trititrigia 8x）的选育及其性状与细胞遗传

本实验用普通小麦“中国春”和八种异细胞质“中国春”（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓ ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｉ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｊｕｖｅｎａｌｉｓ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｃｒａｓｓａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｃｏｍｏｓａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｕｎｉａｒｉｓｔａｔａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｓｐｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ．Ｍ．）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）ＣＳ．（Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｐｈｅｅｖｉ）ＣＳ分别与八倍体小偃麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｔｒｉｇｉａ ８ｘ）“远中２”、“远中４     

鹭鸶兰属的系统位置和起源

鹭鸶兰Ｄｉｕｒａｎｔｈｅｒａ Ｈｅｍｓｌ．为百合科的１个单种属。Ｄ．ｍｉｎｏｒ Ｈｅｍｓｌ．特产云南、四川和贵州。其植物形态、细胞学特征和化学成分均与吊兰属Ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｔｕｍ的北缘种西南吊兰Ｃ．ｎｅｐａｌｅｎｓｅ Ｂａｋｅｒ和狭叶吊兰Ｃ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ Ｂｕｒ．ｅｔ Ｆｒ．或大叶吊兰Ｃ．ｍａｌａｙｅｎｓｅ Ｒｉｄｌｅｙ极为接近或Ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｔｕｍ ｍａｌａｙｅｎｓｅ进入云南高原气候比     

mRNA differential display between sterile and fertile anther of rice and analysis of cDNA differential fragments

Ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙ(ＣＭＳ)ｉｎｈｉｇｈｐｌａｎｔｓｉｓａｍａｔｅｒｎａｌｌｙｉｎｈｅｒｉｔｅｄｔｒａｉｔｔｈａｔｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｅｓｖｉａｂｌｅｐｏｌｌｅｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｓｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｖａｌｕａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｂｒｉｄｓｅｅｄｓ.ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣＭＳｒｉｃｅｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｙｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓｈａｓａｌｒｅａｄｙｂｅｅｎａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｓｉｎｃｅ1976.Ｉｎｒｅ…     

The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＡＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ…     

稻纵卷叶螟对杂交水稻及常规水稻的生态反应

稻纵卷叶螟对杂交水稻及常规水稻的生态反应钱希（国营黄海农场,江苏省响水县２２４６２４）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｅａｌＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｏｆＲｉｃｅＣａｓｅｗｏｒｍｔｏＨｙｂｒｉｄＲｉｃｅｓａｎｄＴｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌＲｉｃｅｓ￥ＱｉａｎＸｉ（ＴｈｅＳｔａｔｅＦａｒｍｏｆＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ,ＸｉａｎｇｓｈｕｉＣｏｕｎｔｙ,Ｊｉａｎｇｓｕ,Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ２２４６２４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：２１－２４．Ｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｒｉｃｅｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒｓｏｎｔｈｅｏｖｉｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ,ｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｅ,ｗｏｒｍｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｅｍｖｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｃａｓｅｗｏｒｍａｎｄｌｏｓｓｅｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｅｓｔ,ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｏｎ１６ｒｉｃｅｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒｓｉｎＨｕａｎｇｈａｉＳｔａｔｅＦａｒｍｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＪｉａｎｇｓｕｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,ｗｈｅｒｅｃａｓｅｗｏｒｍｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｂｅｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｖｉ－ｏｌｅｎｔｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｃｕｌｔｉｖａ     

蝮蛇类凝血酶基因的分析及表达研究

从蝮蛇（ＡｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎｈａｌｙｓＰａｌａｓ）毒腺中抽提总ＲＮＡ,经ＲＴＰＣＲ扩增该基因,克隆后经全序列测定,蝮蛇类凝血酶ｐａｌａｓｅ的ｃＤＮＡ长７０８个核苷酸,即编码２３６个氨基酸;根据同源性,推测该类凝血酶ｐａｌａｓｅ的活性中心为Ｈｉｓ４１、Ａｓｐ８６和Ｓｅｒ１８２;二硫键为Ｃｙｓ７Ｃｙｓ１３９、Ｃｙｓ２６Ｃｙｓ４２、Ｃｙｓ７４Ｃｙｓ２３４、Ｃｙｓ１１８Ｃｙｓ１８８、Ｃｙｓ１５０Ｃｙｓ１６７和Ｃｙｓ１７８Ｃｙｓ２０３;该蝮蛇毒类凝血酶ｃＤＮＡ序列及推导的氨基酸序列均为首次报道。构建Ｔ７启动子控制下的ｐａｌａｓｅ的大肠杆菌表达质粒,ＩＰＴＧ诱导ｐａｌａｓｅ获得表达。     

Purification and properties of glutamate synthase from Streptomyces lincolnensis

Ｉｎｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｃａｒｙｏｔｅｓ,ｔｈｅｅｎｚｙｍｅｇｌｕｔａｍａｔｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ[Ｌｇｌｕｔａｍａｔｅ:ＮＡＤ(Ｐ)+ｏｘｉｄｏｒｅｄｕｃｔａｓｅ(ｔｒａｎｓａｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇ)(ＥＣ1.4.1.13ｏｒ14)](ＧＯＧＡＴ),ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒｗｉｔｈｇｌｕｔａｍｉｎｅｓｙｎｔｈｅｔａｓｅ[Ｌｇｌｕｔａｍａｔｅ:ａｍｍｏｎｉａｌｉｇａｓｅ(ＡＤＰｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ)(ＥＣ6.3.1.2)](ＧＳ),ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｏｂｅａｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｔｏｇｌｕｔａｍａｔｅｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｓｅｉｎａｍｍｏｎｉａ…     

NOTICE :ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH

ＺＯＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＺｏｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ (ＺＲ)ｉｓａｎａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｊｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｚｏｏｌｏ ｇｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｉｎｂｏｔｈＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓ .ＩｔｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＺｏｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎ 1980 ,ａｓａｑｕａｒｔｅｒｌｙｊｏｕｒｎａｌ.Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｉｍｏｎｔｈｌｙｓｉｎｃｅ 1998.ＺＲｈａｓｐｕｂｌｉｓ…     

The stimulation of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction by the venom of the blunt-nosed viper Vipera lebetina and by its liposomal form]

Native poison of middleasia viper Vipera lebetina has been included into liposomes in order to get an effective preparation for immunotherapy. The preparation reduces the risk of complications taking place during the use of traditional methods. The immunomodulating action of the liposomal form of viper poison has been investigated on the model of reaction of hypersensitivity of delayed type. Together with the stimulation of functional activity T-cells, the absence of suppressive and toxic actions while using the liposomal preparation of poison has been discovered. It is suggested that the observed stimulating effect in connection with immune reactions is due to synergism of action of components of poison liposomal form and activation of T-cells and macrophage, taking part in immune response to the antigenic stimulus.     

蝮蛇咬伤10885例救治分析

目的：探讨提高蝮蛇咬伤的救治水平。方法,回性总结我院１９７２－１９９９年蝮蛇咬伤患者１０８８５年,采用抗蝮蛇毒血清结合中药蛇伤合剂治疗;对合并急性呼吸衰竭的８５例患者,早期气管切开保持气管畅通,同时正压人工呼吸;对合并急性肾功能衰竭的１０３例患者,早期碱化尿液,应用足量利尿剂,必须时进行腹膜透析;对合并急性心功能衰竭的４３例患者,在应用强心、利尿、扩血管药物的同时,早期静脉给予山莨菪碱（６５４－２     

Interaction of viper venom serine peptidases with thrombin receptors on human platelets

The serine peptidases, thrombocytin and PA-BJ, isolated from the venom of Bothrops atrox and Bothrops jararaca, respectively, induce platelet aggregation and granule secretion without clotting fibrinogen. The specific platelet aggregation activity of each enzyme was about 15 times lower than that of thrombin. This activity was blocked by monoclonal antibodies recognizing protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and by heparin, but not by hirudin nor thrombomodulin. Both enzymes induced calcium mobilization in platelets and desensitized platelets to the action of thrombin and the SFLLRN peptide. We compared the effect of thrombin, PA-BJ, and thrombocytin on the degradation of the soluble N-terminal domain of the PAR1 receptor. The major cleavage site by thrombin and both viper enzymes was Arg41-Ser42. In addition, a rapid cleavage of the peptide bond at Arg46-Asn47 by the viper enzymes was observed, resulting in the inactivation of the tethered ligand. PA-BJ and thrombocytin both cleaved at 41-42 and 46-47 peptide bonds, and fragment 42-103 disappeared rapidly. Both viper enzymes caused calcium mobilization in fibroblasts transfected with PAR4 and desensitized these cells to the thrombin action. In conclusion, both PAR1 and PAR4 mediate the effect of viper venom serine peptidases on platelets.     

A poisonous surprise under the coat of the African crested rat

Plant toxins are sequestered by many animals and the toxicity is frequently advertised by aposematic displays to deter potential predators. Such 'unpalatability by appropriation' is common in many invertebrate groups and also found in a few vertebrate groups. However, potentially lethal toxicity by acquisition has so far never been reported for a placental mammal. Here, we describe complex morphological structures and behaviours whereby the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, acquires, dispenses and advertises deterrent toxin. Roots and bark of Acokanthera schimperi (Apocynaceae) trees are gnawed, masticated and slavered onto highly specialized hairs that wick up the compound, to be delivered whenever the animal is bitten or mouthed by a predator. The poison is a cardenolide, closely resembling ouabain, one of the active components in a traditional African arrow poison long celebrated for its power to kill elephants.     

Coagulation of plasma from the chicken (Gallus domesticus): phospholipids influence clotting rates induced by components from Russell's viper venom

Added phospholipid failed to accelerate chicken-plasma coagulation, induced by high concentrations of crude Russell's viper venom; however, similarly induced coagulation of canine and human plasma proceeded more rapidly when phospholipid was added. Phospholipid reduced clotting times of canine, human and also chicken plasma when partially purified factor X-activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom was the inducing agent. In the absence of added phospholipid, preincubation of chicken plasma with factor V-activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom accelerated factor X-activating-enzyme-induced coagulation. Preincubation of chicken plasma with the factor V-activating enzyme slowed factor X-activating-enzyme-induced coagulation in the presence of added phospholipid.     

On the occurrence of the nematode Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Strongylida: Molineidae) in Karelia

Contents of the intestines of the viper Vipera berus (L., 1758) from Kizhi archipelago (Lake Onego) was examined. Helminth fauna of the viper was found to include single nematode species, Oswaldocruzia filiformis Goeze, 1782 (Strongylida: Molineidae). Prevalence of the invasion was 60%, intensity of the invasion was 1-8 specimens per host, index of abundance was 1.92 specimens. Measurements and pictures of the parasite are given. Morphometric data on the nematode from viper are compared with those from other host species.     

Do snakes represent the principal predatory threat to callitrichids? Fatal attack of a viper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bothrops leucurus</Emphasis>) on a common marmoset (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Callithrix jacchus</Emphasis>) in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian Northeast

A juvenile common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was attacked by a whitetail lancehead viper (Bothrops leucurus) while playing with other group members close to the ground at a site in northeastern Brazil. The attack was almost immediately fatal, but the viper was unable to ingest the body of the marmoset. After approximately 10 min, during which it attempted to swallow the marmoset a number of times, the viper moved away, abandoning the body. While raptors are the principal predators of callitrichids, this record reinforces the relative vulnerability of these primates to snakes in comparison with other platyrrhines, although the small number of recorded events precludes a more definitive analysis of the phenomenon.     

Interacting Genes That Affect Microtubule Function in Drosophila Melanogaster: Two Classes of Mutation Revert the Failure to Complement between Hay(nc2) and Mutations in Tubulin Genes

The recessive male sterile mutation haync2 of Drosophila melanogaster fails to complement certain beta 2-tubulin and alpha-tubulin mutations, suggesting that the haywire product plays a role in microtubule function, perhaps as a structural component of microtubules. The genetic interaction appears to require the presence of the aberrant product encoded by haync2, which may act as a structural poison. Based on this observation, we have isolated ten new mutations that revert the failure to complement between haync2 and B2tn. The revertants tested behaved as intragenic mutations of hay in recombination tests, and fell into two phenotypic classes, suggesting two functional domains of the hay gene product. Some revertants were hemizygous viable and less severe than haync2 in their recessive phenotype. These mutations might revert the poison by restoring the aberrant product encoded by the haync2 allele to more wild-type function. Most of the revertants were recessive lethal mutations, indicating that the hay gene product is essential for viability. These more extreme mutations could revert the poison by destroying the ability of the aberrant haywirenc2 product to interact structurally with microtubules. Flies heterozygous for the original haync2 allele and an extreme revertant show defects in both the structure and the function of the male meiotic spindle.     

A possible approach to the analysis of protease mixtures

A problem of quantitative assay of proteases in complex mixtures is solved by using a set of peptide substrates with detectable (chromogenic or fluorogenic) groups (DGs). Quantitation of separate DGs released in reaction of enzyme mixture with a set of substrates is carried out in chromatographic analysis of reaction products. Reaction of peptide derivatives of aminonaphthalene sulfamides with a mixture of thrombin and proteases from viper venom shows the amounts of produced DGs to be proportional to the amounts of both thrombin and venom proteases, confirming the validity of proposed approach. There are cases of mutual influence of some components in proteases mixtures as illustrated by inhibition of trypsin activity in presence of viper venom; one determines enzyme activities in this specific mixture rather than their amounts.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E in partial inhibition of Russell's viper venom phospholipase A2 induced hepatocellular and microsomal membrane damage in rats.

The current investigation furnishes a good correlation between the alpha-tocopherol content of the liver and microsomes and corresponding inhibition of Russell's viper venom phospholipase A2 inflicted damage to them. Dietary supplementation of d1-alpha-tocopherol at a concentration of 100 mg and 200 mg per kg of diet displayed less damage caused by venom phospholipase A2 in sharp contrast to the vitamin E deficient rats. alpha-tocopherol due presumably to the formation of complexes with the phospholipid hydrolysis products of the membranes, plays a significant role in membrane stabilization.