机械敏感离子通道Trpm7在LIPUS促进牙髓间充质干细胞成骨分化中的作用机制的研究

该文主要研究低强度脉冲超声(low-intensity pulsed ultrasound,LIPUS)促进牙髓间充质干细胞(dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells,DPSCs)成骨分化,以及瞬时受体电位M7(transient receptor potential melastatin 7,Trpm7)在其中发挥的作用。培养人DPSCs,流式细胞术检测其表面分子标志表达,阿利新蓝、茜素红及油红O染色检测其成软骨、成骨和成脂分化能力。ALP活性、ALP染色和茜素红染色观察LIPUS促成骨分化的能力。实时定量PCR检测LIPUS处理组与对照组成骨分化相关基因OPN、OCN、RUNX2表达的差异以及不同时间点两组Trpm7 m RNA表达水平的变化。ALP活性检测LIPUS及不同浓度Trpm7抑制剂2-氨基乙酯二苯基硼酸(2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate,2-APB)对成骨分化能力的影响。实验分为对照组、LIPUS组、LIPUS+二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组和LIPUS+2-APB组,ALP和茜素红染色观察各组成骨分化能力,Western blot检测各组OPN、OCN和RUNX2的蛋白表达。结果显示,成功培养DPSCs,LIPUS处理后ALP和茜素红阳性染色明显增多,ALP活性增强(P0.01);OPN、OCN、RUNX2的m RNA表达水平显著增加(P0.05),LIPUS处理第2天和第5天Trpm7的m RNA表达水平有明显升高(P0.05)。2-APB作用后明显下调ALP活性(P0.01)。LIPUS组、LIPUS+DMSO组与对照组相比,ALP和茜素红阳性染色以及OPN、OCN与RUNX2的蛋白表达均显著增加,而LIPUS+2-APB组较于LIPUS+DMSO组,ALP和茜素红染色以及OPN、OCN与RUNX2的蛋白表达明显降低。该研究结果提示,LIPUS能够促进DPSCs的成骨分化,且Trpm7在这一过程中发挥着重要作用。     

尿酸影响人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化过程中BMP-2 表达

目的:探讨在人骨髓间充质干细胞(h BMSCs)成骨分化过程中,不同浓度尿酸(UA)对骨形态形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响。方法:以全骨髓贴壁培养法分离h BMSCs,将生长状态良好的第3代h BMSCs分为5组,分别为空白对照组(加入完全培养基)和成骨诱导组(加入成骨诱导液及含0 mmol/L、0.2 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L尿酸的完全培养基)。连续干预诱导14d后,用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,通过观察茜素红染色情况及检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性进行成骨情况的检测。RT-PCR技术检测各组细胞BMP-2 mR NA的表达情况。结果:第3代h BMSCs大多为形态单一的长梭形,呈旋涡状生长;干预诱导后的细胞逐渐变成不规则的立方形,局部形成团块状结节,以含尿酸浓度为0.8 mmol/L的成骨诱导培养基最为显著。连续干预14d后,空白对照组茜素红染色为阴性,而各成骨诱导组细胞茜素红染色结果为阳性,提示干预诱导后的细胞为成骨细胞。碱性磷酸酶活性随尿酸浓度的增加和干预时间的延长而增强(P<0.05)。RT-PCR检测结果显示,空白对照组无BMP-2 mR NA的表达。成骨诱导组随培养基中尿酸浓度的增加,BMP-2 mR NA表达逐渐增强,呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论:尿酸上调h BMSCs向成骨细胞分化过程中BMP-2 mR NA的表达。     

阿司匹林对体外培养骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响

目的：探讨阿司匹林对骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响。方法：培养SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）,传代3次后进行成骨诱导分化,诱导培养基中加入不同浓度阿司匹林（0.5、1、2、5、10mmol/L）,同时设立对照组。采用cck-8法分析细胞增殖情况。比较阿司匹林组与对照组在细胞碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性、骨钙素（OC）分泌量、钙结节染色等方面的成骨性差异。结果：阿司匹林无促进细胞增殖活性,而高浓度阿司匹林能够强烈抑制细胞增殖。0.5、1、2mmol/L浓度阿司匹林可促进BMSCs的成骨性分化,中低浓度组碱性磷酸酶含量、骨钙素分泌量在不同阶段显著高于对照组。14天茜素红染色可见中低浓度组钙结节数量高于对照组。结论：中低浓度阿司匹林作用于骨髓基质细胞可促进其成骨细胞特性表达,这表明阿司匹林有促进骨代谢合成的作用。     

阿司匹林对体外培养骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响

目的:探讨阿司匹林对骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响。方法:培养SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs),传代3次后进行成骨诱导分化,诱导培养基中加入不同浓度阿司匹林(0.5、1、2、5、10mmol/L),同时设立对照组。采用cck-8法分析细胞增殖情况。比较阿司匹林组与对照组在细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、骨钙素(OC)分泌量、钙结节染色等方面的成骨性差异。结果:阿司匹林无促进细胞增殖活性,而高浓度阿司匹林能够强烈抑制细胞增殖。0.5、1、2mmol/L浓度阿司匹林可促进BMSCs的成骨性分化,中低浓度组碱性磷酸酶含量、骨钙素分泌量在不同阶段显著高于对照组。14天茜素红染色可见中低浓度组钙结节数量高于对照组。结论:中低浓度阿司匹林作用于骨髓基质细胞可促进其成骨细胞特性表达,这表明阿司匹林有促进骨代谢合成的作用。     

尿酸影响人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化过程中BMP-2表达（英文）

目的:探讨在人骨髓间充质干细胞(h BMSCs)成骨分化过程中,不同浓度尿酸(UA)对骨形态形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响。方法:以全骨髓贴壁培养法分离h BMSCs,将生长状态良好的第3代h BMSCs分为5组,分别为空白对照组(加入完全培养基)和成骨诱导组(加入成骨诱导液及含0 mmol/L、0.2 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L尿酸的完全培养基)。连续干预诱导14d后,用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,通过观察茜素红染色情况及检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性进行成骨情况的检测。RT-PCR技术检测各组细胞BMP-2 mR NA的表达情况。结果:第3代h BMSCs大多为形态单一的长梭形,呈旋涡状生长;干预诱导后的细胞逐渐变成不规则的立方形,局部形成团块状结节,以含尿酸浓度为0.8 mmol/L的成骨诱导培养基最为显著。连续干预14d后,空白对照组茜素红染色为阴性,而各成骨诱导组细胞茜素红染色结果为阳性,提示干预诱导后的细胞为成骨细胞。碱性磷酸酶活性随尿酸浓度的增加和干预时间的延长而增强(P0.05)。RT-PCR检测结果显示,空白对照组无BMP-2 mR NA的表达。成骨诱导组随培养基中尿酸浓度的增加,BMP-2 mR NA表达逐渐增强,呈浓度依赖性(P0.05)。结论:尿酸上调h BMSCs向成骨细胞分化过程中BMP-2 mR NA的表达。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染通过Wnt通路调节牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化

目的观察牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.gingivalis)感染通过Wnt通路调节牙周膜干细胞(PDLSCs)成骨分化的作用。方法培养原代PDLSCs,分为常规处理的对照组、P.gingivalis感染的P.gingivalis组和P.gingivalis感染并用Wnt3a处理的P.gingivalis+Wnt3a组,成骨诱导后茜素红染色并检测A_(405)值,Western blot检测Wnt通路分子的蛋白表达量,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)试剂盒检测ALP活力,PCR检测成骨标志基因Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、骨钙素(OCN)的mRNA表达量。结果与对照组比较,P.gingivalis组Wnt3a、β-catenin、p-GSK-3β的蛋白表达水平(0.33±0.07)、(0.27±0.08)、(0.44±0.09)以及成骨诱导后A_(405)值(0.55±0.08)、ALP活力(20.14±6.54)U/mL和Runx2、OCN的mRNA表达量(0.45±0.09)、(0.51±0.07)均明显减少;与P.gingivalis组比较,P.gingivalis+Wnt3a组成骨诱导后A_(405)值(0.89±0.15)、ALP活力(29.44±5.26)U/mL及Runx2、OCN的mRNA表达量(0.89±0.17)、(0.81±0.18)均明显增加。结论 P.gingivalis感染能够抑制PDLSCs的成骨分化,抑制Wnt通路是可能的分子机制。     

补骨脂素对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨及成脂分化的影响

目的:探讨补骨脂素对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨及成脂分化的影响及其可能机制。方法:选取3月龄无特定病原体级健康雌性SD大鼠25只,通过切除卵巢建立绝经大鼠模型。6周后,通过全骨髓贴壁法分离BMSCs并进行原代和传代培养,传至3代后进行成骨和成脂诱导,并按补骨脂素浓度梯度0、5、10、15、20μmol/L进行处理。细胞增殖2周后,通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色实验和油红O染色观察BMSCs成骨和成脂的分化,应用蛋白免疫印迹法测定核心结合蛋白因子RUNX2、骨钙素(OCN)、增强子结合蛋白β(C/EBP-β)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)的表达。结果:成骨诱导BMSCs在补骨脂素的作用下ALP染色呈阳性反应,且补骨脂素的浓度为15μmol/L时阳性反应最强。RUNX2、OCN蛋白的表达随着补骨脂素浓度的升高而升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与空白组比较,成脂诱导BMSCs在补骨脂素的作用下油红O染色阳性反应程度出现下降,补骨脂素浓度为20μmol/L时,油红O染色阳性率最低。C/EBP-β、PPAR-γ蛋白的表达均随着补骨脂素浓度的升高而降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:补骨脂素体外可增强BMSCs成骨分化作及抑制BMSCs成脂分化,可能与其调节RUNX2、OCN、C/EBP-β和PPAR-γ蛋白的表达有关。     

过表达miR-155抑制BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化

目的:研究过表达miR-155对BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化的影响。方法:(1)用重组腺病毒Ad-BMP9(BMP9)诱导C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化,定量PCR(qPCR)检测miR-155的表达,RT-PCR检测Runx2和ALP的表达。(2)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,qPCR检测miR-155的表达,ALP活性和染色检测早期成骨能力。(3)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,诱导分化14d茜素红S染色检测晚期成骨能力。(4)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,qPCR检测成骨分化相关基因Runx2、OSX、COL1A1、ALP、OCN和OPN的表达。(5)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,Western blot检测p-Smad1/5/8、OCN和OPN蛋白水平的表达。(6)qPCR和Western blot分别检测HIF1α和VEGF的mRNA表达水平和蛋白质表达水平。(7)应用荧光素酶报告基因对miR-155的靶基因进行筛选和验证。结果:在BMP9诱导C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化过程中,过表达miR-155降低ALP活性及染色;减少钙盐沉积;成骨分化相关基因Runx2、OSX、COL1A1、ALP、OCN和OPN表达降低;抑制p-Smad1/5/8、OCN和OPN蛋白水平的表达;HIF1α和VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平减少。在对靶基因的检测中,过表达miR-155可以抑制HIF1α蛋白水平的表达,但对其mRNA水平无明显影响。结论:miR-155过表达减弱BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化,可能是通过抑制Smad/BMP信号通路发挥作用,也有可能是通过抑制靶基因HIF1α的表达来发挥作用。     

minTBP-1/IGF-1融合蛋白钛涂层对高糖高脂环境下成骨细胞分化活性的影响

目的:评价自行设计的minTBP-1与IGF-1融合蛋白涂层修饰的纯钛表面对高糖高脂环境下成骨相关基因及蛋白表达的影响。方法:借助互联网Prot Param工具设计并筛选出亲水性较高的minTBP-1与IGF-1融合蛋白,用于修饰钛表面,分别将正常成骨细胞和高糖高脂环境下培养的成骨细胞接种于其表面,以钛表面无涂层的正常成骨细胞为对照组,通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、茜素红S染色及定量,比较成骨细胞的生物学特性;1周、2周时,Real-time PCR检测成骨细胞ALP、Ι型胶原、Runx2和OCN基因表达水平的变化;1周、2周和3周时,Western Blot分别检测成骨细胞ALP、OCN蛋白的表达量。结果:高糖高脂环境下培养的成骨细胞扁平、呈不规则多边形,其ALP的表达、钙化结节形成均低于正常成骨细胞(P0.05)。高糖高脂环境下,在目标融合蛋白修饰的钛表面接种成骨细胞1周时,ALP基因及蛋白均有明显表达,与正常成骨细胞相比无统计学差异(P0.05);2周时Ι型胶原、Runx2以及OCN的基因明显高表达,第3周时OCN蛋白显著表达,与正常成骨细胞相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:minTBP-1与IGF-1融合蛋白涂层修饰的纯钛表面有利于改善高糖高脂环境下成骨细胞的生物学活性、促进了成骨相关基因及蛋白的表达,有望为2型糖尿病条件下钛-骨结合的种植体表面改性提供新策略。     

AGEs和TNF-α对人牙周膜干细胞骨向分化能力的协同抑制作用

本实验旨在研究糖基化终末产物(AGE-BSA)和TNF-α对人牙周膜干细胞增殖及骨向分化能力的影响。本实验通过体外组织块酶消化法和有限稀释法克隆化培养牙周膜干细胞,使用流式细胞仪检测细胞表型分子stro-1、CD146、CD44、CD90的表达而对其进行干细胞鉴定后,取第3代人牙周膜干细胞在100μg/mL AGE-BSA及10 ng/mL TNF-α刺激下进行增殖能力检测;同时矿化诱导,设A组(AGE-BSA刺激组),T组(TNF-α刺激组),AT组(AGE-BSA/TNF-α共同刺激组),不含AGE-BSA/TNF-α的常规矿化诱导组作为对照;于诱导的21d茜素红染色观察钙结节形成情况,诱导7 d,碱性磷酸酶染色观察ALP活性、实时定量聚合酶链反应(real time PCR)和Western blotting检测成骨相关基因及蛋白表达情况。流式细胞仪显示细胞阳性表达STRO-1、CD146、CD44、CD90;成骨诱导21 d后茜素红染色和定量分析显示,AT组骨结节形成量最低,A组及T组相对于对照组骨结节形成量存在下降;差异均有统计学意义(p0.05)。成骨诱导7 d后ALP染色,ALP活性变化趋势与茜素红定量分析相同。成骨诱导7 d后RT-PCR检测成骨相关基因BSP、OCN、ALP mRNA表达,AT组表达水平最低,A组及T组有下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05)。Western blotting检测显示,各组总蛋白BSP蛋白表达趋势与RT-PCR趋势相同。AGEs与TNF-α均具有对HPDLSC的骨向分化能力的抑制作用,两者共同刺激对HPDLSC骨向分化能力存在协同抑制作用。     

Ghrelin联合三氧化二砷对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖与成骨分化的影响

该文主要探究Ghrelin对三氧化二砷(As2O3)导致的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)增殖和成骨分化的影响。BMSCs设为对照组、As2O3组、Ghrelin组和联合(As2O3+Ghrelin)组。MTT法检测细胞增殖能力;成骨诱导的第7天和第14天,Real-time PCR及Western blot分别检测成骨相关因子OPN、ALP、RUNX2的mRNA及蛋白表达;第21天,茜素红染色分析钙盐沉积情况。结果显示,细胞增殖能力Ghrelin组>对照组>联合组>As2O3组。与对照组比,As2O3组各因子表达均显著下调(P<0.05),Ghrelin组第14天OPN蛋白表达无显著变化,其余因子均上调(P<0.05);联合组与As2O3组比,第14天OPN基因表达和第7天ALP蛋白表达无显著差异,其余均显著上调(P<0.05)。钙盐沉积:Ghrelin组>对照组>联合组>As2O3组。提示0.5μmol/L As2O3抑制BMSCs增殖和成骨分化,600 ng/mL Ghrelin增强细胞增殖和成骨分化;且Ghrelin能减弱As2O3导致的BMSCs增殖和成骨分化抑制作用。     

Vibration loading promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway

Low magnitude high frequency vibration (LMHFV) exhibits effectively anabolic effects on the bone tissue, and can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The role of p38 MAPK signaling in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis remains unclear. In this current study, LMHFV loading was applied to BMSCs in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, as well as osteogenic genes expression were assayed. The mechanism of mechanical signal transduction was analysed using PCR array, qRT-PCR and Western blot. LMHFV increased cell proliferation in the growth medium, while inhibited proliferation in the osteogenic medium. ALP activity, matrix mineralization and osteogenic genes expression of Runx2, Col-I, ALP, OPN and OC were increased by LMHFV. p38 and MKK6 genes expression, and p38 phosphorylation were promoted in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 and targeted p38 siRNA blunted the increased ALP activity and osteogenic genes expression by LMHFV. These findings suggest that LMHFV promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and p38 MAPK signaling shows an important function in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis.     

糖浓度及BMP4对小鼠诱导型多能干细胞成骨作用的研究

诱导型多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS cells）技术的建立为自体组织工程治疗带来了新的希望。鉴于糖尿病患者常伴有骨再生性障碍,该研究比较了不同葡萄糖浓度下小鼠iPS细胞的成骨能力,并探讨了骨形态蛋4（bone morphogenetic protein4,BMP4）在该过程中的作用。实验结果显示：成骨诱导21d后,低糖组茜素红阳性细胞比例和成骨基INRunx2、Osteocalcin的表达水平显著高于高糖组和自发分化组（P〈0．05）;BMP4的添加提高了高糖组茜素红阳性细胞比例及Osteocalcin的表达水平（P〈0．05）,而对自发分化组细胞的成骨水平无影响。该结果表明：低葡萄糖含量对小鼠iPS细胞的骨向分化有促进作用’尽管BMP4可以提高高糖组小鼠iPS细胞的成骨能力,但仅在成骨分化条件下发挥作用。     

Dok5 regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Objective:In bone tissue engineering, the use of osteoblastic seed cells has been widely adopted to mediate the osteogenic differentiation so as to prompt bone regeneration and repair. It is hypothesized that Dok5 can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. In this study, the role of Dok5 in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was investigated.Methods:A lentiviral vector to silence Dok5 was transferred to C3H10, 293T and C2C12 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Cells were stained by ALP and AR-S staining. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of related factors.Results:Dok5 expression level was gradually up-regulated during the osteoblast differentiation. Dok5 silencing down-regulated the expression levels of osteogenic biosignatures OPN, OCN, and Runx2 and suppressed the osteogenesis. Additionally, the osteoblast proliferation and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling were suppressed upon Dok5 knockdown, β-catenin expression level was significantly down-regulated in the knockdown group, while the expression levels of GSK3-β and Axin, negative regulators in the Wnt signaling pathway, were up-regulated. Furthermore, overexpression of Dok5 promoted the proliferation and osteogenesis and activated the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusion:Dok5 may regulate the osteogenic proliferation and differentiation via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.     

Comparison of gingiva‐derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for osteogenesis

Presently, bone marrow is considered as a prime source of mesenchymal stem cells; however, there are some drawbacks and limitations. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources, gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are abundant and easy to obtain through minimally invasive cell isolation techniques. In this study, MSCs derived from gingiva and bone marrow were isolated and cultured from mice. GMSCs were characterized by osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and flow cytometry. Compared with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), the proliferation capacity was judged by CCK‐8 proliferation assay. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by ALP staining, ALP assay and Alizarin red staining. RT‐qPCR was performed for ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2. The results indicated that GMSCs showed higher proliferative capacity than BMSCs. GMSCs turned more positive for ALP and formed a more number of mineralized nodules than BMSCs after osteogenic induction. RT‐qPCR revealed that the expression of ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2 was significantly increased in the GMSCs compared with that in BMSCs. Moreover, it was found that the number of CD90‐positive cells in GMSCs elevated more than that of BMSCs during osteogenic induction. Taking these results together, it was indicated that GMSCs might be a promising source in the future bone tissue engineering.     

Gentiopicroside promotes the osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells by modulation of β-catenin-BMP2 signalling pathway

Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone fragility, and the drugs used at present to treat osteoporosis can cause adverse reactions. Gentiopicroside (GEN), a class of natural compounds with numerous biological activities such as anti-resorptive properties and protective effects against bone loss. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the effect of GEN on bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis for a potential osteoporosis therapy. In vitro, BMSCs were exposed to GEN at different doses for 2 weeks, whereas in vivo, ovariectomized osteoporosis was established in mice and the therapeutic effect of GEN was evaluated for 3 months. Our results in vitro showed that GEN promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase, increased the calcified nodules in BMSCs and up-regulated the osteogenic factors (Runx2, OSX, OCN, OPN and BMP2). In vivo, GEN promoted the expression of Runx2, OCN and BMP2, increased the level of osteogenic parameters, and accelerated the osteogenesis of BMSCs by activating the BMP pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, effect that was inhibited using the BMP inhibitor Noggin and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor DKK1. Silencing the β-catenin gene and BMP2 gene blocked the osteogenic differentiation induced by GEN in BMSCs. This block was also observed when only β-catenin was silenced, although the knockout of BMP2 did not affect β-catenin expression induced by GEN. Therefore, GEN promotes BMSC osteogenesis by regulating β-catenin-BMP signalling, providing a novel strategy in the treatment of osteoporosis.