phyA基因新型表达质粒的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

利用自行筛选、鉴定的黑曲霉F246,根据植酸酶基因(phyA)成熟肽编码序列设计引物,直接PCR扩增phyA,经酶切分析、DNA测序和氨基酸序列分析证实phyA基因克隆成功。从pMD18T-phyA克隆中获得phyA编码序列,将其与pET30a 质粒连接,构建pET30a -phyA重组质粒,并在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达。重组质粒经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE特异区带分子量为50kDa,此重组蛋白占大肠杆菌可溶性蛋白的36.62％,酶活性较天然植酸酶高8倍以上。因此,该phyA基因具有正常的生物学功能,对其进行深入研究,为大量获得高活性植酸酶以及开发新型微生态制剂奠定了基础。     

植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉N14的诱变选育及其基因分析

以植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉03214为出发菌株,经紫外线和亚硝基胍诱变,获得了产酶活性较出发菌株提高了22．3％,达422IU／ml发酵液的突变菌株黑曲霉N14,其最适pH值为2．5,最适温度为50℃。通过对黑曲霉N14植酸酶phyA基因进行PCR扩增,获得了一条长约1．5kb的特异性产物。以pMD18-T为载体,构建了含有目的基因片段的重组质粒。DNA序列测定表明,目的基因片段含有植酸酶phyA基因的完整序列(GenBank Accession：AY426977),phyA基因全长1506bp,其中包含一段长102bp的内含子,编码467个氨基酸,有10个潜在的糖基化位点,5’端有一编码19个氨基酸的信号肽序列。实验结果为植酸酶基因工程菌的构建奠定了基础。     

黑曲霉Z6植酸酶基因phyA的克隆及表达

目的:克隆植酸酶基因phyA,构建毕赤酵母表达载体,转化毕赤酵母,并对重组工程菌的表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究.方法:以植酸酶高产菌株-黑曲霉Z6染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到植酸酶基因phyA,序列鉴定后连接到毕赤酵母穿梭载体pPIC9K上,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-phyA,电击转化毕赤酵母KM71,筛选得到重组转化子.对重组工程菌表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和酶活性研究.结果:phyA序列分析表明该基因具有典型的植酸酶活性位点保守序列ArgHisGlyAlaArgTyrPro,与NC-BI已发表的植酸酶基因同源性较高,达到94%以上.该序列已提交GenBank,序列号为DQ318022.重组工程菌KM71-phyA7的PCR扩增证实了植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,植酸酶能有效分泌和表达,粗酶液酶活可达875U/mL.结论:植酸酶基因phyA在毕赤酵母中成功表达,为今后的定向改组奠定了基础.     

黑曲霉N25植酸酶phyA基因的克隆及序列分析

通过对黑曲霉N2 5植酸酶phyA基因PCR扩增 ,获得了一条长约 1 6kb的特异性PCR产物 ,并进行了酶切鉴定。然后在pUC1 8质粒中构建了含有目的基因片段的克隆质粒pFNP 1。DNA序列测定表明 ,目的基因片段含有植酸酶phyA基因的完整序列 ,phyA基因全长1 50 6bp,其中包含一段长 1 0 2bp的内含子 ,编码 467个氨基酸 ,5’端有一段编码 1 9个氨基酸的信号肽序列。黑曲霉N2 5与产植酸酶酶活最高的天然黑曲霉标准菌株NRRL31 35的植酸酶phyA基因 (GenBankAccession :M94550 )相比较 ,其同源性为 96 746% ,编码的氨基酸序列同源性为 97 64%。将黑曲霉N2 5植酸酶phyA基因序列及其相应的氨基酸序列在国际基因库中注册 (注册号分别为 :AF2 1 881 3,AAF2 5481 1 ) ,此基因是目前中国在国际基因库中注册的第一个植酸酶phyA基因。     

植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶双功能毕赤酵母工程菌的构建和产酶分析

根据已发表的植酸酶基因和甘露聚糖酶基因序列设计并合成引物,应用PCR技术,分别以土曲霉总DNA和质粒pHBM1201为模板,扩增出均不含假定信号肽序列的植酸酶基因phyA和甘露聚糖酶基因man,将它们各自克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM907C上,分别得到重组质粒pHBM907C-phyA和pHBM907C-man。将质粒pHBM907C-phyA上由乙醇氧化酶(AOX1)启动子和终止子引导表达、酿酒酵母α信号肽序列引导分泌的phyA表达盒式结构插入到质粒pHBM907C-man中,构成双基因表达分泌质粒pHBM907C-phyA-man。pHBM907C-phyA-man经SalⅠ酶切线性后转化毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115,获得了同时分泌表达植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶的双功能酵母工程菌。研究了该酵母工程菌所分泌表达的重组植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶的相关酶学性质,并进行了双功能酵母工程菌的稳定性测试。     

黑曲霉N-2植酸酶phy4基因的克隆及其重组酵母表达载体的构建

根据已发表的植酸酶phyA基因序列设计并合成1对引物,应用PCR技术,以黑曲霉N-2总DNA为模板,扩增出不包含假定信号肽序列的phyA基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,测定其核苷酸序列,并推导其氨基酸序列。该基因全长为1350bp,与已发表的黑曲霉NRRL3135的phyA基因的同源性为92．4％(不计内含子),编码1个含449个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为95．1％。将该基因与分泌型载体pPIC9K连接,构建了植酸酶基因的重组酵母表达载体pPIC9K／phyA。     

应用毕氏酵母高效表达耐高温植酸酶

自然界很难获得大量的耐高温植酸酶。采取连续延伸PCR方法 ,按照毕氏酵母的偏爱密码 ,合成 1.3kb烟熏曲霉耐高温植酸酶基因 fphy。合成基因与野生型基因核苷酸序列同源性为 74 % ,但编码的氨基酸序列一致。将耐高温植酸酶基因fphy插入毕氏酵母高效表达载体 pPIC9中 ,与分泌信号肽序列融合 ,通过同源重组将耐高温植酸酶基因整合到酵母染色体中 ,通过SDS PAGE检测和表达产物的酶活性筛选 ,得到重组转化子 ,证明植酸酶获得有效分泌和高效表达。经过 5L小罐高密度发酵 ,蛋白质表达量为 5 .6 g/L ;每毫升发酵液中植酸酶的活力单位达 130 0 0 0u ;表达产物耐高温性很强 ,90℃处理 80min后仍有 4 0 %的活性。     

植酸酶基因的多点突变及在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

根据毕赤酵母基因的密码子选择偏爱性,不改变其编码氨基酸序列,对来源于黑曲霉N25植酸酶phyA基因,进行了突变,构建了含有正确突变的酵母表达载体pPIC9k-phyAm-4,电击转化毕赤酵母,获得优化了密码子的重组酵母转化子。经PCR鉴定表明,植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中; 表达产物的SDS-PAGE分析表明,酶蛋白分子大小为70.15KD。Southern blotting结果表明,phyA基因整合到酵母染色体DNA中;转化子酶活测定结果表明,经密码子优化的重组酵母PP-NPm-4-2酶活可达136900U/ml,比Arg没有优化的PP-NPm-8 (47600 Uoml-1)酶活高约2.8倍。     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌羧酸酯酶的异源表达及酶学性质研究

运用生物信息学技术从嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus) CICC 20156中克隆获得羧酸酯酶基因,构建黑曲霉和毕氏酵母表达质粒,将重组质粒分别转化毕氏酵母GS115和黑曲霉pyrG基因缺陷株M54．SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测显示：携带His标记的外源蛋白在转化真菌宿主中均获得了高效分泌性表达,毕氏酵母和黑曲霉表达的外源蛋白分子质量均约为29 ku,蛋白质浓度分别为30.7 mg/L和15.3 mg/L．生物学活性测定表明,毕氏酵母与黑曲霉表达的羧酸酯酶单位蛋白酶活分别为22 671 U/mg和21 438 U/mg．酶学性质研究显示,两种表达系统表达的重组羧酸酯酶的酶学特性基本一致,它们在40～70℃范围内均显示较好的酶活性,最适反应温度为60℃．70℃处理30 min,毕氏酵母和黑曲霉表达重组羧酸酯酶残余酶活分别为 76.7%和67.6%,显示出良好的热稳定性．在pH 6.5～8.5的范围内显示较高酶活性,最适pH为8.0．上述研究首次实现了具有良好热稳定性的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌羧酸酯酶在黑曲霉和毕氏酵母中高效异源分泌性表达,其中毕氏酵母羧酸酯酶的产量要高于黑曲霉的酶产量,但考虑到重组黑曲霉表达外源性蛋白无需使用任何诱导剂,黑曲霉菌表达热稳定性羧酸酯酶可能具有更好的应用前景．     

易错PCR技术提高黑曲霉N25植酸酶活力的研究

利用易错PCR技术对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)N25的植酸酶基因phyA进行定向进化研究,突变基因产物重组于表达载体pET32a(+)中,并导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)构建突变体文库,经筛选获得了最佳突变菌株pET32a-phyAep,其植酸酶活力比出发酶提高了41.8%。突变酶的酶学性质研究发现,与野生酶相比,它的热稳定性,最适温度和最适pH值无显著变化。     

Transformation of Aspergillus alliaceus using the Aspergillus niger niaD gene encoding nitrate reductase

Abstract A heterologous transformation system for Aspergillus alliaceus based on the Aspergillus niger nitrate reductase structural gene ( niaD ) has been developed. Two mutants of A. alliaceus (M3 and M17), each carrying an niaD mutation were isolated by screening UV-irradiated cells for the inability to grow on nitrate as sole nitrogen source. Using plasmid pSTA 10, transformation frequencies of 4 and 200 per μg DNA respectively were obtained for these two strains. All the niaD ⁺ transformants tested were mitotically stable. Southern hybridisation analyses showed that the vector DNA sequences were present.     

米曲霉和黑曲霉营养缺陷型的分离及原生质体的制备

米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)3042是目前国内酱油生产中广泛使用的菌种,而黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)3350则是制醋业中广泛使用的菌种。前者具有较高的蛋白酶活性而后者具有较高的淀粉酶活性。在酱油生产中,为了提高原料利用率,改善酱油风味,希望获得一株既有较高的蛋白酶活性同时又具有较高淀粉酶活性的杂交菌株作为     

黑曲霉对黄曲霉生长、产毒及黄曲霉毒素B1的影响

目的研究黑曲霉对黄曲霉生长、产毒的抑制作用及对AFB1的降解作用。方法将黑曲霉分别与黄曲霉、AFB1共同培养,定期测定培养液pH、菌丝体干重、黄曲霉孢子数、AFB1含量。结果黑曲霉与黄曲霉混合培养时,黄曲霉孢子数、AFB1含量均比单独培养的低,2组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),抑制率达到68.06%~91.52%;加入黑曲霉后,AFB1含量降低,实验组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),降解率为46.19%。结论黑曲霉既能抑制黄曲霉生长、产毒,又能降解AFB1。     

Transformation of Aspergillus parasiticus using autonomously replicating plasmids from Aspergillus nidulans

Abstract A genetic transformation system for the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus parasiticus using two autonomously replicating plasmids from A. nidulans (ARp1 and pDHG25) is reported. Transformation frequencies using the plasmid pDHG25 were from 5 × 10² to 2.5 × 10⁴ transformants per 10⁶ viable protoplasts and μg DNA. The stability of the plasmids in the transformants was also studied. This transformation system offers a new opportunity to clone genes related to aflatoxin production using appropriate aflatoxin-defective mutants.     

Substrate-induced lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus

AIMS: To establish a relationship between lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production by cloning the lipA gene and studying its expression pattern in several aflatoxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. METHODS AND RESULTS: We have cloned a gene, lipA, that encodes a lipase involved in the breakdown of lipids from aflatoxin-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and two nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates, wool-1 and wool-2. The lipA gene was transcribed under diverse media conditions, however, no mature mRNA was detected unless the growth medium was supplemented with 0.5% soya bean or peanut oil or the fungus was grown in lipid-rich medium such as coconut medium. The expression of the lipase gene (mature mRNA) under substrate-induced conditions correlated well with aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic species A. flavus (SRRC 1007) and A. parasiticus (SRRC 143). CONCLUSIONS: Substrate-induced lipase gene expression might be indirectly related to aflatoxin formation by providing the basic building block 'acetate' for aflatoxin synthesis. No direct relationship between lipid metabolism and aflatoxin production can be ascertained, however, lipase gene expression correlates well with aflatoxin formation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lipid substrate induces and promotes aflatoxin formation. It gives insight into genetic and biochemical aspects of aflatoxin formation.     

Development of VNTR markers for three Aspergillus species used in brewing

Using a bioinformatics approach, we developed 18 variable number of tandem repeat markers for Aspergillus oryzae for use in population genetic studies. Repeat sequences in the genome sequences of A. oryzae were identified by a tandem repeat finding program. Length polymorphisms at 18 loci were examined in 41 strains of A. oryzae. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 20. Investigation of cross-species amplifications with A. sojae and A. tamarii showed success. The variable number of tandem repeat markers will be used to determine the population structure of these three Aspergillus species used in brewing.     

Electrofusion of protoplasts from Aspergillus nidulans

Abstract Electrical parameters were determined and quantified for the stimulation of the optimum alignment and fusion of Aspergillus nidulans protoplasts. In a non-homogeneous alternating electrical field A. nidulans protoplasts aligned to form pearl chains associated with the electrodes of the fusion chamber. Most protoplasts were in pearl chains in an alignment field frequency of 3.0 MHz but maximum pair formation occurred at 1.0 MHz. At a field strength between 100 and 1000 V · cm⁻¹ pearl chain formation occurred with minimal protoplast rotation or lysis. The application of DC pulses resulted in protoplast fusion. Most fusion events were observed after two 500 V · cm⁻¹ DC pulses with a 0.5 s interpulse period. Using 1 × 10³ protoplasts · cm⁻³ in a 7 μm fusion chamber a maximum of 17.2 ± 2.0% fusion events were achieved.