共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
微生物可以利用工业废弃物产生氢气,其产氢机理可以分成两种:光合产氢和发酵产氢。前者利用光能,后者利用代谢过程中产生的电子,分解有机物产氢。氢酶是产氢过程中的关键酶,催化氢的氧化或质子的还原。氢酶主要有[NiFe]氢酶和[Fe]氢酶两种,具有不同的结构,但催化机理是相似的。本文主要综述产氢微生物的种类、微生物产氢代谢途径和关键酶催化机理,并展望微生物产氢研究的发展方向。 相似文献
2.
微生物发酵产木聚糖酶研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
木聚糖是植物半纤维素的主要成分,是自然界中仅次于纤维素的可再生资源。木聚糖酶是一类重要的木糖苷键水解酶酶系,可将木聚糖逐次降解为低聚木糖及木糖,在饲料、造纸、食品和生物转化等行业应用广泛。目前利用微生物发酵生产木聚糖酶的研究很多,菌种涉及到细菌、真菌等,其发酵生产木聚糖酶的工艺、产量及特性也各有不同,对此进行了综述,并展望了木聚糖酶发酵生产的研究方向。 相似文献
3.
4.
获得优良生产菌株之后 ,对发酵过程进行代谢调控是重要的。在条件试验时 ,除考虑培养基成分之外 ,还需要考虑烷烃浓度、培养温度、pH、种龄、通气量等。经过诱变培育出来的高产菌株 ,其ω 氧化能力比出发菌株增强了 ,而 β氧化能力减弱了 ,但β 氧化没有完全被阻断 ,所以在发酵过程中 ,必须进一步减低β 氧化酶活力 ,增强ω 氧化酶活力。由于微生物氧化正烷烃生产二元酸是胞内酶的作用 ,这就存在一个原料正烷烃如何快速转运入细胞内 ,产生的二元酸如何快速转运出细胞外的原料和产物转运速度问题 ,解决以上三个问题 ,才能在发酵过程中获得… 相似文献
5.
6.
好氧反硝化作用的发现打破了反硝化只能在严格厌氧条件下进行的传统认知,为生物脱氮提供了一条新的途径,已成为近些年的研究热点。碳源可为好氧反硝化过程提供能量和电子供体,其代谢难易程度直接影响着好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮效率,因此有必要明确碳源在好氧反硝化脱氮过程中的代谢机理。基于此,本文阐述了好氧反硝化细菌的种类及其对硝态氮与亚硝态氮的代谢途径;系统分析了不同好氧反硝化细菌对碳氮源代谢的差异与代谢机理;综合分析了碳代谢差异对好氧反硝化脱氮过程的影响,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,旨在深入理解好氧反硝化细菌同时去除碳氮的机理,为提高废水生物脱氮除碳效率提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
近200年来,化石燃料的大量燃烧导致过量的CO2被排放到空气中,造成全球气候变暖。这种环境问题引起了人类的关注深思,因此,开发一种新型的、可持续利用的能源已经迫在眉睫。相对于其它绿色能源,研究者认为微藻不仅能通过光合自养将CO2转变为有机质,而且还不占用农业土地,具有很好的发展前景。本综述介绍了微藻淀粉的国内外研究现状,淀粉的生物合成机制,提高淀粉积累的方法以及在分子层面上了解合成淀粉的代谢通路和调控基因,以便获得大量的淀粉来生产生物乙醇,给人类提供新能源。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
外源因子对桦褐孔菌发酵产桦褐孔菌醇的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
食药用真菌因其丰富的天然活性物质成为具有开发潜力的药物来源。桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus作为一种珍稀的药用真菌,因其对糖尿病、消化系统疾病、心血管疾病、肝病和癌症等疾病有良好的治疗效果而受到广泛关注。桦褐孔菌醇(inotodiol)是桦褐孔菌特有的一种羊毛甾烷型三萜类化合物,具有多种抗癌活性。本文的主要目的是研究外源因子的添加对桦褐孔菌液态发酵产桦褐孔菌醇的影响,以及对桦褐孔菌醇合成途径中酶活的影响。结果表明:最佳外源因子是香叶醇,最佳添加浓度和添加时间分别为0.02%(V/V)和第144小时。发酵结束时(240h)桦褐孔菌醇的产量为27.89mg/L是对照组(9.23mg/L)的3.02倍。通过对比添加香叶醇后桦褐孔菌醇的产量变化以及合成途径中4种酶(法尼基焦磷酸合酶、角鲨烯合酶、角鲨烯环氧化酶和羊毛甾醇合酶)的活性变化,对香叶醇的作用机制进行了初步探究。研究结果表明添加香叶醇后,4种酶活性均较对照组有显著的提高,与此对应的桦褐孔菌醇产量也显著增加,说明这4种酶在桦褐孔菌醇合成途径中起到了积极的作用。 相似文献
13.
14.
氧化还原电位对Actinobacillus succinogenes厌氧发酵生产丁二酸的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高琥珀酸放线菌Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC1593厌氧发酵产丁二酸的水平。研究了以葡萄糖为C源,发酵液中不同氧化还原电位(VORP)对A.succirtogenes CGMCC1593生长和代谢产物分布的影响。结果表明:菌体生长和丁二酸积累的较佳VORP分别为-220mV和-270mV;利用代谢流分析法,比较VORP在-220mV和-270mV时发酵对数生长期(8h)和稳定期(20h)的代谢通量分布,以及发酵过程中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)、丙酮酸(Pyr)节点,NADH通量分配的变化,由此得出在VORP为-270mV时,NADH总通量和丁二酸方向代谢通量增幅明显。在发酵过程中,通过降低VORP至-270mV,使丁二酸的产率从70%提高到85%。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
代谢网络定量分析研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了代谢工程中代谢控制分析、代谢通量分析、生化系统理论、途径分析、控制论模型等定量分析方法的基本理论,以实例说明了这些方法的应用,并对代谢分析方法的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
18.
19.
Synthesis gas fermentation is one of the most promising routes to convert synthesis gas (syngas; mainly comprised of H2 and CO) to renewable liquid fuels and chemicals by specialized bacteria. The most commonly studied syngas fermenting bacterium is Clostridium ljungdahlii, which produces acetate and ethanol as its primary metabolic byproducts. Engineering of C. ljungdahlii metabolism to overproduce ethanol, enhance the synthesize of the native byproducts lactate and 2,3-butanediol, and introduce the synthesis of non-native products such as butanol and butyrate has substantial commercial value. We performed in silico metabolic engineering studies using a genome-scale reconstruction of C. ljungdahlii metabolism and the OptKnock computational framework to identify gene knockouts that were predicted to enhance the synthesis of these native products and non-native products, introduced through insertion of the necessary heterologous pathways. The OptKnock derived strategies were often difficult to assess because increase product synthesis was invariably accompanied by decreased growth. Therefore, the OptKnock strategies were further evaluated using a spatiotemporal metabolic model of a syngas bubble column reactor, a popular technology for large-scale gas fermentation. Unlike flux balance analysis, the bubble column model accounted for the complex tradeoffs between increased product synthesis and reduced growth rates of engineered mutants within the spatially varying column environment. The two-stage methodology for deriving and evaluating metabolic engineering strategies was shown to yield new C. ljungdahlii gene targets that offer the potential for increased product synthesis under realistic syngas fermentation conditions. 相似文献
20.
The worldwide surplus of glycerol generated as inevitable byproduct of biodiesel fuel and oleochemical production is resulting in the shutdown of traditional glycerol-producing/refining plants and new applications are needed for this now abundant carbon source. In this article we report our finding that Escherichia coli can ferment glycerol in a pH-dependent manner. We hypothesize that glycerol fermentation is linked to the availability of CO(2), which under acidic conditions is produced by the oxidation of formate by the enzyme formate hydrogen lyase (FHL). In agreement with this hypothesis, glycerol fermentation was severely impaired by blocking the activity of FHL. We demonstrated that, unlike CO(2), hydrogen (the other product of FHL-mediated formate oxidation) had a negative impact on cell growth and glycerol fermentation. In addition, supplementation of the medium with CO(2) partially restored the ability of an FHL-deficient strain to ferment glycerol. High pH resulted in low CO(2) generation (low activity of FHL) and availability (most CO(2) is converted to bicarbonate), and consequently very inefficient fermentation of glycerol. Most of the fermented glycerol was recovered in the reduced compounds ethanol and succinate (93% of the product mixture), which reflects the highly reduced state of glycerol and confirms the fermentative nature of this process. Since glycerol is a cheap, abundant, and highly reduced carbon source, our findings should enable the development of an E. coli-based platform for the anaerobic production of reduced chemicals from glycerol at yields higher than those obtained from common sugars, such as glucose. 相似文献