水稻悬浮细胞系的建立及培养条件对生物产量的影响

在附加2,4-D的MS培养基上诱导水稻‘中花11’的愈伤组织,并用AA培养基建立了胚性悬浮细胞系。改变AA培养基中氮源、肌醇及2,4-D浓度的结果表明,5mg·L-12,4-D、100mg·L-1肌醇和150%AAN(AAN为AA培养基中的氮源浓度)悬浮细胞系的生物产量最高。     

软枣猕猴桃悬浮细胞系的建立及其影响因素

以软枣猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta Planch)叶片为试材,以MS为基本培养基,附加生长素(2.4-D、NAA)和玉米素(ZT)成功地诱导出愈伤组织,结果表明:软枣猕猴桃叶片在MS+ZT 1mg/1+2.4-D3mg/1的情况下能诱导出适合于建立悬浮细胞系的愈伤组织。并研究了愈伤组织生长年龄、激素浓度、肌醇和蔗糖浓度四个方面对建立悬浮细胞系的影响。表明愈伤组织以生长10天时接种活细胞率最高;以MS培养基附加ZT1mg/1+2.4-D3mg/1较好;肌醇以200mg/1圆形细胞频率最高;蔗糖以5%最适。     

水翁悬浮细胞系的建立及其悬浮培养的生长特性

建立了水翁悬浮细胞系,并对其悬浮培养的生长特性作了初步探讨。以水翁新生芽尖作为外植体,接种于添加有不同浓度和配比的生长调节物质及各种附加物的MS固体培养基中,诱导培养产生初代愈伤组织;挑选Ⅰ和Ⅱ型的愈伤组织进行继代培养改良,考察愈伤组织的生长状况和统计生长量来决定最佳继代培养基的配方和得到适合悬浮培养的愈伤组织;将以上得到的愈伤组织转接于最佳继代液体培养基中,于24±1℃,120r/min条件下振荡培养,筛选分散度好、较均匀、生长快、色浅透明的细胞作为种子传代,数次传代后得到性能良好的悬浮细胞系;以细胞生长量(鲜重)为指标,绘制了水翁悬浮细胞的生长曲线。研究表明:2.0mg/L的2,4-D的诱导率最高(92%,初代愈伤组织为Ⅰ型),Ⅱ型愈伤组织的最高诱导率为75%;最佳的继代培养基配方为MS 0.5mg/L 2,4-D 0.5mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L IAA 0.5mg/L IBA 0.5mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L KT 700mg/L LH,形成Ⅱ型愈伤组织的生长量可达3.28g/瓶(鲜重);液体继代培养3代后,可得到性能良好的悬浮细胞系;水翁悬浮细胞的生长曲线表明,最佳接种期为培养后的16~18d。     

朱砂根愈伤组织培养及悬浮细胞系建立

以朱砂根(Ardisia crenata Sims.)无菌苗的茎段、叶片、胚轴和胚根为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导研究。结果表明:胚根在含有2,4-D的培养基中的诱导率最高,在添加5 mg L-1 AgNO3的MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1+KT 0.01 mg L-1培养基中继代培养的增殖系数高达8倍以上。培养中获得了5种类型的愈伤组织(I-白色湿软状、Ⅱ-白色冰砂状、Ⅲ-淡黄色颗粒状、Ⅳ-黄绿色块状和V-绿色块状),其中Ⅱ和Ⅲ型愈伤组织可以成功建立悬浮细胞系,用M S+2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1+KT 0.01 mg L-1培养基进行固-液轮回培养,可以较好地保持悬浮细胞系。     

油松胚珠愈伤组织诱导和悬浮细胞系的建立

雌配子体处于游离核时期的油松胚珠以含不同浓度和配比生长调节剂的培养基诱导产生愈伤组织,并建立了悬浮细胞系.这一悬浮细胞系生长快,分散性好,稳定均一,适用于研究其生理、生化和细胞周期调控.     

红豆杉高产悬浮细胞系建立及其紫杉醇诱导的研究进展

紫杉醇是一种四环二萜酰胺类化合物,是从红豆杉科红豆杉属植物中提取分离出来的次生代谢物,是世界公认广谱、活性强的天然抗癌新药。但直接从植物中提取紫杉醇的传统生产方式,不仅产量低,且会对野生红豆杉资源造成严重破坏,同时紫杉醇的化学全合成也由于其结构复杂而不具备商业价值。与之相反,细胞培养技术具有受外界影响少、生产成本低、次生代谢产物多、细胞生长周期短的优势,是目前最具前景的紫杉醇生产方式。近年来随着科研水平的不断提升,紫杉醇无论在生理代谢调控、关键基因挖掘,还是新药物制剂与剂型及其类似物的开发和运用等方面,都取得了进展,但要建立紫杉醇商业化高产体系,还必须和前人的研究经验相结合。该文对红豆杉高产悬浮细胞系建立及其紫杉醇诱导的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括前人对红豆杉属植物组织与细胞培养相关的外植体、培养基、激素、培养条件、褐化等问题的研究,以及从代谢调节、培养方式、基因工程等多方面提高紫杉醇含量的最新进展,最后总结了当前研究的不足,并对今后通过多种组合方式来提高紫杉醇含量的生产途径进行了展望。以期促进红豆杉组织培养技术的进步,为药用资源保护和利用提供一定的理论基础与生产指导。     

高产SOD大蒜悬浮细胞系的选育

筛选获得了高产 SOD大蒜悬浮细胞系 ,培养 1 8d后达到最大生物量及最大 SOD总酶活分别为2 2 .1 2 g.DW/ L及 1 0 .81× 1 0 4 U/ L,最大单位细胞酶活为 679.67U/ g.FW,SOD最大比活力可达 85 .98U/mg Pro,具有较强的 SOD合成能力。     

水稻胚性悬浮细胞的包埋脱水法超低温保存

用包埋脱水法冷冻保存水稻胚性悬浮细胞。整个过程包括：胚性悬浮细胞预培养、细胞包埋、二次预培养、包埋细胞脱水、液氮冰冻,细胞解冻和冷冻细胞恢复培养。结果表明,在细胞水分含量为25．17％和蔗糖浓度依次递增以及第2次预培养34d的存活率最好。在培养基中加2．5g·L^-1活性炭有利于细胞的恢复生长。细胞恢复培养后,能再产生愈伤组织,但生长变慢,有约5d的滞后期。     

缺氧胁迫法选育高产银杏内酯悬浮细胞系研究

以银杏优良品种的种子萌发的幼苗诱导愈伤组织,考察了不同培养基地对愈伤组织生长和银杏内酯产生的影响。采用缺氧胁迫小细胞团法从愈伤组织中共选育出7个高产悬浮细胞系,其合成银杏内酯的能力比选前的愈伤组织有了显著提高,其中细胞系MH－3培养周期18d,细胞生物量增加3．71倍,银杏内酯含量达到细胞干重的0．048％,比选育前提高了182．4％,为国内领先水平。并对MH－3在遥瓶培养时其生产银杏内酯能力的稳定性进行了研究。     

玉米转座因子Ac／Ds导入水稻花药悬浮细胞并再生成植株

使用电激法将分别含玉米转座因子ＡＣ或Ｄｓ因子的质粒ＤＮＡ同时导入水稻花药悬浮系细胞团,得到转化抗性意伤组织,并分化成可育植株。对一些植株的ＤＮＡ进行了Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析和ＰＣ且扩增,发现导入的外源ＤＮＡ已整合到了水稻染色体上而且Ｄｓ因子已发生了转座。抗性测定表明转化植株Ｆ１代和Ｆ２代种子中的大多数仍有Ｄｓ因子存在。     

Characterization of starch produced by suspension cell cultures of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Suspension cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L.), initiated from seed, produced significant amounts of starch. Starch accumulated in the cultured cells throughout the growth phase and reached a maximum of 7% of the cell dry weight at stationary phase. Starch was present in compound granules which were birefringent under polarized light. Suspension culture starch had a higher amylose content and a lower gelatinization temperature than rice grain starch. Additionally, starch branching enzyme, an enzyme involved in starch biosynthesis, was characterized by anion exchange chromatography in culture cells and endosperm. Culture cells had at least one major form of starch branching enzyme which differed from the multiple enzyme forms present in endosperm.     

Expression of bioactive human interferon-gamma in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures

We investigated the possibility of producing the therapeutic recombinant cytokine, Interferon-gamma (IFN-), in transgenic rice cell (Oryza sativa, cultivar TNG67) suspension cultures. We tested expression of two vector constructs, each harboring an Amy3 leader peptide and a C-terminus His 6 tag fused to a human IFN- cDNA, one driven by a sucrose-starvation inducible promoter (rice Amy3 promoter) and the other by a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter, in rice cell suspensions, introduced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. There was a significant difference in the amounts of recombinant IFN- protein produced by the Ups and Amy cell lines, as cytosolic and secretory proteins respectively. Immunological analysis of IFN- recombinant protein conferred a dose-dependent anti-dengue virus activity in human A549 cells, similar to the commercial product. We discuss the attractive attributes of using rice cell suspension system for the expression of therapeutic recombinant IFN-.     

Volatile components in cell suspension cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

The cell suspension culture of Cryptomeria japonica contains volatile oils, the yield of which was 0.005–0.01% of the fresh cells. In the volatiles, five aldehydes, ten fatty acids and their esters, and two diterpenes of abietatriene and ferruginol have been found. Of these, palmitic acid is present as the most predominant component, amounting to ca 40% of the volatiles.     

Production and characterization of human CTLA4Ig expressed in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures

Human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4I g) fusion protein, a novel immunosuppressive agent, was expressed in transgenic rice cell suspension culture and its characteristics and in vitro activities were investigated. The expression vector pMYN409 was constructed to express hCTLA4I g under the control of rice alpha-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter. Transgenic calli were prepared by particle bombardment mediated transformation and were screened for hCTLA4I g expression using ELISA. Under the induction condition by sugar starvation, suspension-cultured rice cells secreted hCTLA4I g into the media up to 31.4 mg/L in flask culture. The rice-derived hCTLA4Ig (hCTLA4IgP) was purified from the culture media with affinity chromatography using protein A and compared with CHO-derived hCTLA4Ig (hCTLA4IgM). Recombinant hCTLA4IgP has molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing condition, which is a little different from that of hCTLA4IgM probably due to the difference of carbohydrate chain structures. Purified hCTLA4IgP was biologically active and was confirmed to suppress T-cell proliferation.     

High level of expression of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in transgenic rice cell suspension culture

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) has been previously produced in tobacco cell suspension cultures. However, the amount of hGM-CSF accumulated in the culture medium dropped quickly from its maximum of 150 microg/L at 5 d after incubation. To overcome this problem, we sought an expression system in which heterologous gene expression could be induced at high levels. We selected a rice amylase expression system in which the promoter Ramy3D is induced to express recombinant protein by sucrose starvation. This induction system was found to give good yield of recombinant hGM-CSF in transgenic rice cell suspension culture and protease activity of this culture medium was low compared to that of tobacco culture system.     

A simple purification procedure of biologically active recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) secreted in rice cell suspension culture

A simple purification procedure of bioactive human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) secreted in rice cell suspension culture has previously been described. In this study the protein was purified to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 80.1% by ammonium sulfate precipitation and a single chromatographic step involving FPLC-anion exchange chromatography. The purified hGM-CSF revealed at least five glycosylated forms ranging from 21.5∼29 kDa, and its biological activity was independent of the glycosylation pattern. This is the first purification report of recombinant hGM-CSF to apparent homogeneity from rice cell suspension cultures.     

Regeneration of fertile transgenic indica (group 1) rice plants following microprojectile transformation of embryogenic suspension culture cells

Regenerable embryogenic suspensions of elite Indica (group 1) rice varieties IR24, IR64, IR72 and an advanced Indica rice breeding line IR57311-95-2-3 were established within 6–8 weeks from 3–4 week old calli derived from mature seeds. Transgenic rice plants were obtained by introducing a plasmid carrying genes encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph, conferring resistance to hygromycin B) and ß-glucuronidase (uidA), both driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, via particle bombardment of embryogenic suspensions. The effect of osmotic conditioning on transformation was evaluated. Regenerated plants were resistant to hygromycin B and expressed the uidA (GUS) gene. The growth of mother plants (R₀) was normal and seeds were produced. Southern blot analysis of R₀ and R₁ plants showed that hygromycin resistant plants contained intact hph genes that were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. A protocol for a simple, efficient, repeatable, genotype- and environment-independent Indica rice transformation system is described.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid - NAA -naphthalene acetic acid - kb kilobase - GUS ß-glucuronidase - hph hygromycin B phosphotransferase