均匀设计法优化绿色木霉菌黄色素薄层色谱展开剂系统

根据系统选择法确定了绿色木霉菌（Trichoderma viride）所产黄色素的薄层色谱展开剂组分,利用均匀设计实验及逐步回归法建立回归模型优化展开剂配比,最终得出优化的展开剂系统为为石油醚-乙酸乙酯-丙酮-乙酸=12．23：1：1．58：0．55,分离效果较理想,所得到的薄层色谱分离函数指标COF2达到了42．09±0．79．     

无患子及其制剂的薄层色谱鉴别探讨

目的探讨无患子及其制剂的鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱法在不同条件下进行薄层色谱考察,选择适宜的薄层色谱条件。结果最佳薄层色谱条件为:以正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-水-浓氨水(40∶10∶50∶1;V∶V∶V∶V)上层液为展开剂,室内环境中展开,晾干,喷5%磷钼酸乙醇液,105℃加热至斑点清晰,在日光下检视,无患子及其在制剂中的成分分离效果良好,色谱斑点清晰,耐用性好。结论该法操作简便可靠,分离度较好,可作为无患子及其制剂的鉴别方法。     

治糜灵凝胶剂的薄层色谱鉴别研究

目的:将治糜灵栓剂(《中国药典》2010版一部)改为治糜灵凝胶剂,建立治糜灵凝胶剂的薄层色谱鉴别方法,为制定其质量控制标准制定依据。方法:参照《中国药典》2010版一部治糜灵栓剂项下黄柏、苦参、儿茶、冰片的薄层色谱鉴别方法,对处方中的主要药味进行定性鉴别。黄柏鉴别中以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-异丙醇-水(6:3:1.5:1.5)为展开剂;苦参鉴别中以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(8:3:0.5)为展开剂;儿茶鉴别中以正丁醇-醋酸-水(3:2:1)为展开剂;冰片鉴别中以环己烷-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(9:1:2)为展开剂。结果:薄层色谱上具有黄柏,苦参,儿茶,冰片的鉴别特征,且阴性对照无干扰。结论:色谱斑点清晰,专属性强;该方法操作简便,稳定性、重现性均很好。可作为质量标准的控制依据。证明治糜灵凝胶剂研究的方法可行。     

脉冲回波法研究微乳液体系的稳定性

本文主要以正庚炕（C71116）、水乳浊液（以span-80为表面活性剂）为模型体系,研究了脉冲回波法探测微乳体系结构稳定性的可能性,并进行了初步讨论。实验结果表明,超声衰减系数（a）与微乳体系配比、表面活性剂含量及微乳液制备时搅拌转速密切相关。微乳液体系在实验当中均出现了由油和水两相混合的状态到油和水分相的状态。微乳液体系的超声衰减系数在分相前后均保持着相对平稳的变化,但对应于不同条件下制备的溶液,分相时间都有所不同。且一般而言,当微乳液开始两相（水相和油相）分离时,超声衰减系数将发生明显变化。因此预计脉冲回波法有可能发展成为一种简单、可靠、非破环性的微乳体系稳定性检测新方法。     

葛藤与葛根中异黄酮类成分的比较

分析比较了野葛〔Ｐｕｅｒａｒｉａｌｏｂａｔａ（Ｗｉｌｄ．）Ｏｈｗｉ〕的藤（葛藤）和根（葛根）的主要异黄酮类活性成分。从葛藤中首次分离得到３个化合物,经化学方法和光谱鉴定,证实为大豆甙元（Ａ）、大豆甙（Ｂ）和葛根素（Ｃ）。采用双波长薄层扫描法测定葛藤与葛根中上述３种异黄酮化合物的含量,葛藤中大豆甙元、大豆甙和葛根素的含量分别为０．１９５％,３．９３３％和２．４８１％;葛根中则分别为０．０５９％,０．７１４％和４．３１５％。研究结果为葛藤新药源的开发利用提供了科学依据     

黄麻链霉菌NF0919菌株发酵液有效成分薄层色谱分离的展开剂优化

根据单因素试验法确定了黄麻链霉菌(Streptomyces corchorusii)NF0919菌株发酵产物的薄层色谱展开剂组分,利用均匀设计法和逐步回归法建立回归模型优化展开剂的配比,最终得出最优化的展开剂系统为氯仿一甲醇一水一冰醋酸=10∶2.75∶0.5∶0.2,分离效果较理想。     

肝源性磷脂酰乙醇胺的分离及其诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的研究

采用氧化铝柱色谱法以95%乙醇-氯仿为洗脱剂分离纯化了肝源性磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE),并采用GF254硅胶板薄层色谱法以氯仿-甲醇-水(65:25:4,体积比)为展开剂检测PE.结果表明,以95%乙醇-氯仿顺序洗脱氧化铝色谱柱中的磷脂时,PE与磷脂酰胆碱(PC)可实现完全分离.采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT法)测定了在不同时间点25 μmol/L PE对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的影响,并与子宫颈癌细胞Hela、正常人肝细胞HL7702做比较,发现肝源性PE对肝癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,且能诱导其发生凋亡.     

右旋磷霉素手性转化产物检测方法的建立

建立以右旋磷霉素为底物生物转化产生左旋磷霉素的检测方法。通过考察藤黄微球菌与大肠埃希菌对左旋磷霉素的最小抑菌浓度,确定检定菌种类;优化薄层色谱展开剂系统,将薄层色谱与生物显影相结合对转化产物进行定性;利用含量标准曲线,使用生物活性检测法对转化产物进行定量。藤黄微球菌对左旋磷霉素的最小抑菌浓度比大肠埃希菌小100倍,因此作为本实验的检定菌;薄层色谱的最佳展开剂确定为正丁醇/甲醇/水(4∶3∶2,体积比),此时左旋磷霉素在生物检定板上呈现边缘清晰的抑菌圈,且Rf值为0.51;在1.43~5.0 mg/mL范围内,抑菌圈直径与磷霉素浓度的对数值成正比。以藤黄微球菌作为检定菌,不需要对转化产物进行分离纯化和精制,可利用薄层色谱与生物显影相结合的方法对产物进行定性,利用生物活性检测法对产物进行定量,达到简便快速地对转化产物进行定性和定量的目的。     

反相薄层色谱扫描方法分离蟾酥成分及测定脂蟾毒配基含量

本文用 BC_(18)F_(254)板,乙腈-水(1:1)作展开剂,展开8cm。反相薄层色谱扫描法分离并检测蟾酥中的八个成分,其中脂蟾毒配基的定性、定量方法已被建立。并用此法测定了三个蟾酥样品中脂蟾毒配基的含量。平均回收率为103.8％,变异系数(CV)小于2％,比现有其它方法重视性好,分离效率高,操作简便。     

GABA茶中γ-氨基丁酸的TLC测定及提纯研究

本文对GABA茶中有效成分γ-氨基丁酸的薄层扫描(TLC)检测以及提取、分离、纯化进行了研究,结果表明:正丁醇?醋酸?水体积比为4?1?1展开剂分离效果较好,R f值为0.46。采用双波长扫描法检测,扫描波长分别为λS=515nm,λR=680 nm,检测线性范围:0.5μL~15μL,样品平均回收率为98.75%。采用水提取法比乙醇提取法γ-氨基丁酸含量提高20%左右,732阳离子树脂对γ-氨基丁酸的静态最大吸附量为32.9 mg.g-1,1 h内其吸附速度较快,达吸附量的70%。样液pH值、流速等因子对树脂的吸附效率有影响,当pH值为3.0,流速3 m l.m in-1时,树脂的吸附量达到最大值。采用柠檬酸缓冲液和NH3.H2O进行洗脱,当pH为8.0~9.0时,γ-氨基丁酸洗脱率达94.68%。     

High performance thin layer chromatography as a method to authenticate Hoodia gordonii raw material and products

Hoodia gordonii which contains the perceived active molecule, P57, is a plant used in many weight loss products that are highly susceptible to adulteration due to increased public demand and limited availability. Rapid and simple methods for authentication and confirmation of the presence of P57 are desirable for the quality control of H. gordonii raw material and products. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of several H. gordonii raw material samples collected from different locations as well as weight loss products was carried out on silica gel plates and developed in a mobile phase of toluene:chloroform:ethanol (40:40:12.5 v/v/v). Liebermann–Burchard (LB) reagent was used as derivatising agent since it is specific for glycosides and triterpenes (such as P57) and the plates were viewed under UV light at 365 nm. This method produced good separation of the compounds in complex mixtures with well-defined bands including that of the P57 band (R_f 0.42), which was confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) after preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). All the HPTLC results obtained for the H. gordonii raw materials and products were confirmed with quantitative LC–MS analyses, which confirmed the qualitative reliability of the HPTLC method. The HPTLC method was used successfully to develop a chemical fingerprint for authentication and reliable confirmation of the presence of P57 in H. gordonii raw material and products.     

长裙竹荪抑菌活性物质的分离纯化及其抑菌效果

长裙竹荪Dictyophora indusiata是珍贵的食药用真菌,具有很强的抑菌作用,在天然防腐剂开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。本研究以长裙竹荪的抑菌活性为指标,通过萃取、3次不同流动相的硅胶柱层析、1次反相柱层析和薄层层析法对竹荪提取物进行分离纯化,得到一个抗菌活性强的单体化合物。根据核磁共振波谱等数据分析,推断该化合物为间苯三酚。以巨大芽孢杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌为供试菌,用平板打孔法及原位抑菌法测定该化合物的抑菌效果,结果表明：该化合物对这两种菌有很强的抑制作用,半抑制浓度分别为83.06μg/mL和51.58μg/mL。本研究首次从长裙竹荪中获得具有抗菌活性的单体化合物间苯三酚,为竹荪天然抗菌物质的开发提供理论依据。     

Identifying new PCR targets for pathogenic bacteria using top-down LC/MS protein discovery.

We have investigated the use of a top-down liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) approach for the identification of specific protein biomarkers useful for differentiation of closely related strains of bacteria. The sequence information derived from the protein biomarker was then used to develop specific polymerase chain reaction primers useful for rapid identification of the strains. Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains were used for this evaluation. The expressed protein profiles of two closely related serotype 0157:H7 strains, the predominant strain implicated in illness worldwide, and the nonpathogenic E. coli K-12 strain were compared with each other in an attempt to identify new protein markers that could be used to distinguish the 0157:H7 strains from each other and from the E. coli K-12 strain. Sequencing of a single protein unique to one of the 0157:H7 strains identified it as a cytolethal distending toxin, a potential virulence marker. The protein sequence information enabled the derivation of genetic sequence information for this toxin, thus allowing the development of specific polymerase chain reaction primers for its detection. In addition, the top-down LC/MS technique was able to identify other unique biomarkers and differentiate nearly identical 0157:H7 strains, which exhibited identical phenotypic, serologic, and genetic traits. The results of these studies demonstrate that this approach can be expanded to other serotypes of interest and provide a rational approach to identifying new molecular targets for detection.     

Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with langasite pure shear horizontal surface acoustic wave sensors

The toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterium has been connected with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, which may be characterized by diarrhea, kidney failure and death. On average, O157:H7 causes 73,000 illnesses, 2100 hospitalizations and 60 deaths annually in the United States alone. There is the need for sensors capable of rapidly detecting dangerous microbes in food and water supplies to limit the exposure of human and animal populations. Previous work by the authors used shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH SAW) devices fabricated on langasite (LGS) Euler angles (0°, 22°, 90°) to successfully detect macromolecular protein assemblies. The devices also demonstrated favorable temperature stability, biocompatibility and low attenuation in liquid environments, suggesting their applicability to bacterial detection. In this paper, a biosensor test setup utilizing a small volume fluid injection system, stable temperature control and high frequency phase measurement was applied to validate LGS SH SAW biosensors for bacterial detection. The LGS SH SAW delay lines were fabricated and derivatized with a rabbit polyclonal IgG antibody, which selectively binds to E. coli O157:H7, in this case a non-toxigenic test strain. To quantify the effect of non-specific binding (negative control), an antibody directed against the trinitrophenyl hapten (TNP) was used as a binding layer. Test E. coli bacteria were cultured, fixed with formaldehyde, stained with cell-permeant nucleic acid stain, suspended in phosphate buffered saline and applied to the antibody-coated sensing surfaces. The biosensor transmission coefficient phase was monitored using a network analyzer. Phase responses of about 14° were measured for the E. coli detection, as compared to 2° due to non-specific anti-TNP binding. A 30:1 preference for E. coli binding to the anti-O157:H7 layer when compared to the anti-TNP layer was observed with fluorescence microscopy, thus confirming the selectivity of the antibody surface to E. coli.     

Detection of synthetic corticosteroids in bovine urine by chemiluminescence high-performance liquid chromatography.

The development of a black market of chemical cocktails for illegal growth promotion in food-producing animals includes substances that are potentially dangerous for human health, such as synthetic corticosteroids. The potential presence of these residues in food makes it necessary to develop rapid and sensitive analytical methodologies to detect such substances, preferably in live animals before they arrive at the market. A chemiluminescence (CL) detection method for the determination of four synthetic corticosteroids (prednisolone, betamethasone, dexamethasone and flumethasone) in bovine urine has been developed. The proposed system, which does not need any derivatization procedure, offers an easy method well suited for routine research. Urine samples were homogenized with methanol:water (50:50, v/v) and centrifuged. The upper layer was collected and Strata X cartridges were used for cleaning up. The purified residues were evaporated to dryness and then redissolved in the mobile phase. Analysis of the extracts was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection, employing luminol as the CL reagent. The recovery curves, obtained at four spiking levels (different for each corticosteroid), showed that recoveries of at least 70% could be obtained for urine. The chemiluminescence detection procedure afforded satisfactory results with respect to sensitivity and the LOD and LOQ, taken as the first point of the regression curve, ranged from 4 ppb to 65 ppb. The maximum mean RSD was below 13% and below 15% for intra- and inter-day assay, respectively, in all cases.     

HPLC MS/MS method for quantification of meprobamate in human plasma: application to 24/7 clinical toxicology

We described the development and full validation of rapid and accurate liquid chromatography method, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection, for quantification of meprobamate in human plasma with [(13)C-(2)H(3)]-meprobamate as internal standard. Plasma pretreatment involved a one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Separation was performed by reversed-phase chromatography on a Luna MercuryMS C18 (20 mm×4 mm×3 μm) column using a gradient elution mode. The mobile phase was a mix of distilled water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The selected reaction monitoring transitions, in electrospray positive ionization, used for quantification were 219.2→158.2 m/z and 223.1→161.1m/z for meprobamate and internal standard, respectively. Qualification transitions were 219.2→97.0 and 223.1→101.1 m/z for meprobamate and internal standard, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 1-300 mg/L. The intra- and inter-day precision values were below 6.4% and accuracy was within 95.3% and 103.6% for all QC levels (5, 75 and 200 mg/L). The lower limit of quantification was 1 mg/L. Total analysis time was reduced to 6 min including sample preparation. The present method is successfully applied to 24/7 clinical toxicology and demonstrated its usefulness to detect meprobamate poisoning.     

A mixed self-assembled monolayer-based surface plasmon immunosensor for detection of E. coli O157:H7

The sensitivity and specificity of a polyethylene glycol terminated alkanethiol mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 is demonstrated. Purified monoclonal (Mabs) or polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) against E. coli O157:H7 were immobilized on an activated sensor chip and direct and sandwich assays were carried to detect E. coli O157:H7. Effect of Protein G based detection and effect of concentrations of primary and secondary antibodies in sandwich assay were investigated. The sensor surface was observed under an optical microscope at various stages of the detection process. The sensor could detect as low as 10(3)CFU/ml of E. coli O157:H7 in a sandwich assay, with high specificity against Salmonella Enteritidis. The detection limit using direct assay and Protein G were 10(6)CFU/ml and 10(4)CFU/ml, respectively. Results indicate that an alkanethiol SAM based SPR biosensor has the potential for rapid and specific detection of E. coli O157:H7, using a sandwich assay.     

Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography

Pyriproxyfen is a chiral insecticide, and over 10 metabolites have been identified in the environment. In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD‐RH, Chiralpak AY‐H, Chiralpak AD‐H, Chiracel OJ‐H, (R,R)‐Whelk‐O 1, and Lux Cellulose‐3. The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY‐H, or Chiracel OJ‐H under normal conditions. Chiralcel OJ‐H showed the best chiral separation results with n‐hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ‐H under optimized condition: n‐hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites A , C , and D obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose‐3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. The work is of significance for the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level. Chirality 28:245–252, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Electrochemical characterization of repaglinide and its determination in human plasma using liquid chromatography with dual-channel coulometric detection

A simple, fast and sensitive HPLC method employing dual-channel coulometric detection for the determination of repaglinide in human plasma is presented. The assay involved extraction of repaglinide by ethyl acetate and isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography with dual-channel coulometric detection. The mobile phase composition was 50mM disodium hydrogen phosphate/acetonitrile (60:40, v/v), pH of the mobile phase 7.5 set up with phosphoric acid. For all analyses, the first cell working potential was +380mV, the second was +750mV (vs. Pd/H(2)). Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5-500nmolL(-1). Rosiglitazone was used as an internal standard. The limit of detection (LOD) was established at 2.8nmolL(-1), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 8.5nmolL(-1). The developed method was applied to human plasma samples spiked with repaglinide at therapeutical concentrations. It was confirmed that the method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies or therapeutic monitoring.     

Occurrence of an endogenous inhibitor of platelet-activating factor in rat liver

Hepatocytes obtained from livers derived from fed rats perfused with a collagenase-containing mixture were found to contain significant levels of platelet-activating factor activity as isolated by Silica Gel G thin layer chromatography. However, when soybean trypsin inhibitor was included in the collagenase-containing perfusion medium for hepatocyte preparation, platelet-activating factor activity could not be detected on Silica Gel G chromatograms. Examination of the lipids extracted from freeze clamped perfused rat livers revealed low, but detectable, levels of platelet-activating factor. Further investigation of these observations indicated that a lipid-like inhibitor was present in freeze-clamped perfused livers as well as in hepatocytes isolated in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor. In each instance platelet-activating factor and this newly discovered inhibitor, which comigrated at the same RF value on Silica Gel G thin layer chromatography plates, could be separated by further chromatography on high performance thin layer plates. The present study shows that platelet-activating factor is present in unstimulated liver and that its detection is masked by an endogenous lipid-like inhibitor.