NO和茉莉酸甲酯对黄芩悬浮细胞生长及黄芩苷合成的影响

以硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的供体,向黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)悬浮培养细胞系中添加SNP和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ),考察这两种诱导子在不同的添加时间、添加浓度及混合配比使用对黄芩悬浮细胞系生长和黄芩苷含量的影响。研究结果表明：低浓度的外源NO有利于细胞的生长,但对黄芩苷积累无作用,而MJ有利于黄芩苷的合成,但抑制细胞生长,且两者的适用浓度范围和添加时间存在差异。在细胞培养初期(0天)添加0.05 mmol·L~(-1)SNP,而在细胞生长对数中期(8天)添加10μmol·L~(-1)的MJ,细胞鲜重可达到对照的1.2倍,黄芩苷总量达到对照的2.96倍。     

几种影响黄芩愈伤组织中黄芩苷含量的因素

研究碳源、生长调节物质、氮源、磷酸盐以及有机添加物对黄芩愈伤组织中黄芩苷含量和产量影响的结果表明,在(25±1)℃暗培养条件下,黄芩苷积累的最佳培养基为MS基本培养基,其中氮源浓度为60mmol·L-1(NH4+:NO3-为1:1),KH2PO4浓度为1.5mmol·L-1,附加80g·L-1蔗糖、0.3mg·L-1IAA、2mg·L-16-BA和200mg·L-1蛋白胨。在上述培养基中,黄芩愈伤组织培养40d后的黄芩苷含量达到167.4mg·g-1,产量达到4.8g·L-1,分别是对照的5.54倍和18.2倍。     

光质对悬浮培养黄岑细胞生长及黄岑苷积累的影响

研究了不同光质、光强和光期对悬浮培养黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)细胞的生长、细胞中苯丙氨酸氨基裂解酶(PAL)活性及黄芩苷含量的影响。白光、紫外光、红光和蓝光对悬浮培养黄芩细胞PAL活性和黄芩苷含量有不同的影响。白光、紫外光和蓝光对PAL活性和黄芩苷的积累具有诱导促进作用,其中紫外光的促进作用最强,白光和蓝光的促进作用较弱,而红光照射对PAL活性和黄芩苷的积累有一定的抑制作用。在0-60μmolm-2s-1紫外光照射强度范围内,PAL活性和黄芩苷含量随着紫外光照射强度的增加而显著提高。实验结果同时表明,红光照射显著促进黄芩细胞的生长,紫外光抑制黄芩细胞的生长,而蓝光和白光对悬浮培养黄芩细胞生长的促进作用不明显。与黑暗(对照)相比,每天8h光照强度为60μmolm-2s-1的紫外光、16h光照强度为50μmolm-2s-1的红光交替处理,在培养12d后,细胞的鲜重和黄芩苷含量为对照的1.16和3.2倍,黄芩苷的产量达到439mgL-1,是对照的3.8倍。     

茉莉酸甲酯与水杨酸对肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中苯乙醇甙合成的影响

向肉苁蓉悬浮细胞培养系中添加茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)和水杨酸(SA) ,分别考察了这两种诱导子的添加浓度及添加时间对肉苁蓉悬浮细胞系中苯乙醇甙含量的影响。研究结果表明:MJ和SA能够促进肉苁蓉悬浮细胞系中苯乙醇甙(PeG)和松果菊甙(Echinacoside)的合成,但两者的适用的浓度范围和最佳添加时间存在差异。与未经诱导子处理的细胞培养结果相比,MJ在对数生长初期(培养14d) ,添加浓度为5 μmol L条件下,可使肉苁蓉悬浮细胞系中PeG含量提高2 5 9倍,Echin含量提高3 82倍;而SA在对数生长后期(培养2 8d) ,添加浓度为5 0 μmol L条件下,可使PeG含量提高2 71倍,Echin含量提高3 16倍。     

NO对银杏悬浮细胞生长及黄酮类物质合成的影响

以硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为一氧化氮(NO)的供体,向银杏悬浮细胞培养液中加入不同浓度的SNP,研究外源NO对银杏悬浮细胞生长状况、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和黄酮类物质生物合成的影响.结果表明,低浓度SNP有利于银杏悬浮细胞生长,而高浓度SNP可以促进黄酮类物质的合成.银杏悬浮细胞在添加0.5和10 mmol/L SNP的培养基中培养16 d时,细胞干重分别为对照组的134%和73%;在添加10 mmol/L SNP的培养基中培养20 d时,细胞中黄酮类物质的含量为对照组的136%.同时,10 mmol/L SNP促进银杏悬浮细胞PAL和CAT活性显著升高.NO专一性淬灭剂c-PITO(carboxyl phenyltetramethylimidazoleoxide)抑制SNP对银杏悬浮细胞生长、CAT活性、PAL活性和黄酮类物质含量的促进作用,说明SNP是通过其分解产物NO影响细胞生长和黄酮类物质的合成.根据这些结果推测,NO可能通过触发银杏悬浮细胞的防卫反应,激活了细胞中黄酮类物质的生物合成途径.     

黄芩苷对结肠癌细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制

黄芩苷在多种肿瘤中具有较高的抗肿瘤活性,然而,其在结肠癌中的抗肿瘤作用尚不清楚。本研究考察了黄芩苷对人结肠癌细胞系RKO的增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨了其相关作用机制。研究发现,黄芩苷可按照剂量依赖性方式和时间依赖性方式抑制结肠癌细胞增殖及集落形成能力。流式细胞术显示,与对照细胞相比,黄芩苷处理后的RKO细胞的凋亡率显著增加(5.6%vs 33.6%)。RT-PCR和Western blotting检测显示,黄芩苷处理可显著增加结肠癌RKO细胞中DKK1 (Wnt信号通路的关键负调节因子) mRNA和蛋白表达水平。相反,黄芩苷处理则显著抑制结肠癌RKO细胞中c-Myc和β-catenin (DKK1的下游靶基因)的m RNA和蛋白表达。敲低DKK1后明显阻断了黄芩苷诱导的结肠癌细胞中DKK1蛋白的上调。此外,敲低DKK1逆转了黄芩苷对其下游基因c-Myc和β-catenin的抑制作用。黄芩苷处理后,结肠癌细胞中miR-217的表达显著下调。RT-PCR和Western blotting结果显示,下调miR-217显著促进DKK1的mRNA和蛋白表达。综上所述,本研究表明黄芩苷可通过抑制结肠癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡来发挥其抗肿瘤作用,黄芩苷通过激活结肠癌细胞中DKK1来抑制Wnt信号通路。此外,黄芩苷通过下调结肠癌细胞中miR-217的表达来上调DKK1的表达,从而起到抗癌作用。     

NO对金丝桃悬浮细胞生长及金丝桃素生物合成的促进作用研究

一氧化氮 (NO)是近年来发现的一种新型植物信号分子。以硝普钠 (Sodiumnitroprusside ,SNP)为一氧化氮 (NO)的供体 ,研究外源NO对金丝桃悬浮细胞生长及金丝桃素生物合成的影响。试验结果表明 ,金丝桃悬浮细胞在含 0 5和 15 0mmol LSNP的培养基中培养 2 0d后 ,细胞的干重分别为对照组的 140%和50% ;细胞中金丝桃素的含量分别为对照组的 98%和210%。试验结果表明 ,低浓度SNP处理有利于金丝桃悬浮细胞生长 ,而高浓度SNP可以促进金丝桃素的合成。在细胞培养初期 (0d)加入 0.5mmol LSNP并在指数生长后期 (14d)加入15.0mmol LSNP的金丝桃悬浮细胞在培养 2.5d后 ,细胞的干重和金丝桃素的含量分别为对照组的1.4和1.8倍 ,金丝桃素的产量达15.2mg/L ,比对照高3.2倍。SNP对金丝桃悬浮细胞生长及金丝桃素含量的影响可以被NO专一性淬灭剂CPITO(2-4-carboxyphenyl-4 ,4 ,5 ,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)所抑制,说明SNP是通过其分解产物NO影响细胞生长和金丝桃素的合成。试验结果同时表明,在15.0mmol/L的SNP处理下,金丝桃悬浮细胞中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性显著升高,推测NO可能通过触发金丝桃悬浮细胞的防卫反应,激活了细胞中金丝桃素的生物合成途径。     

野黄芩苷对内毒素抑制人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的观察野黄芩苷对内毒素(LPS)抑制人牙周膜细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。方法原代培养人牙周膜细胞,采用酶动力学方法观察野黄芩苷对LPS抑制人牙周-膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果100μg/mL LPS可显著抑制体外培养的人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性。加入0.001-10μg/ml野黄芩苷干预后,对LPS抑制碱性磷酸酶活性有一定的拮抗作用,在1μg/ml时达到高峰。结果 野黄芩苷可能通过拮抗LPS抑制牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶的活性,促使牙周膜细胞向成骨细胞分化而利于牙周组织再生修复。     

滇黄芩毛状根的诱导及其黄芩苷含量测定

本文利用发根农杆菌A grobacterizum rhizogenes1.2556感染滇黄芩再生苗的茎段和叶片,建立了毛状根培养及其植株再生体系。毛状根可直接从受伤的茎、叶外植体表面产生,在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。毛状根茎段的诱导率较叶片高,最高可达到14.44%;经rolB基因PCR分析和甘露碱纸电泳检测,证明Ri质粒T-DNA已整合到滇黄芩基因组中并表达;毛状根在附加6-BA2mg/L和NAA0.2mg/L的MS固体培养基上直接诱导不定芽,并在MS培养基上生根,形成再生植株。获得的毛状根系经MS液体培养基培养30d后通过HPLC都能检测到黄芩苷,其中1个转化系黄芩苷含量为2.59%,是药材黄芩的0.20倍,而从3年单位时间黄芩苷生成量计算,毛状根是药材黄芩的7.18倍。本研究建立的毛状根培养体系,将对滇黄芩转基因技术的完善和利用毛状根生产黄芩苷的生物转化提供了实验基础。     

酶解法提取黄芩中黄芩素的工艺研究

本文对黄芩药材中黄芩苷的酶解条件和黄芩素的提取工艺进行研究,以样品中黄芩素的含量为指标,采用正交实验对影响酶解的温度、时间和药材粒度进行考察;以黄芩素的提取率为指标,经正交实验优选乙醇浓度、用量、回流次数和时间。得出如下较理想的酶解条件和提取工艺:黄芩药材粉碎至10~20目,加水6倍,于60℃保温10 h;酶解后的黄芩药材加8倍量70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1 h。黄芩素的提取率大于70%,工艺稳定可行。     

Baicalin production in transformed hairy root clones ofScutellaria baicalensis

A transformed hairy root clone ofScutellaria baicalensis was established following infection withAgrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. Three root clones ofS baicalensis were selected by growth habit and baicalin content. The most active strain-the SR-03 clone-was examined for its growth and baicalin content under various culture conditions. The root growth and baicalin content were maximized in a Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 4 and 6% sucrose, respectively. The accumulation of baicalin in transformed hairy roots was enhanced through exposure to various elicitors. Elicitation was attained by the addition of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and various concentrations of fungal cell wasll elicitors to the medium. The accumulation of baicalin in the elicited cultures ranged from 10.5 to 18.3 mg/g dry weight of the roots, which was 1.5-to 3-fold the amount attained in controls.     

硝普钠、植酸和水杨酸对悬浮培养的霍山石斛原球茎生长和生理活性的影响

在建立霍山石斛的液体悬浮培养技术的基础上,添加诱导子硝普钠（SNP）、植酸（PA）和水杨酸（SA）。3种诱导子均可促进霍山石斛原球茎中生物碱的积累,0.1mmol·L-1SNP、7.5g·L-1PA和100μmol·L-1SA处理的原球茎,其生物碱含量分别为不作处理的2.02倍、1.84倍和1.62倍。促进霍山石斛生物碱积累的适宜诱导子为SNP,其适宜浓度为0.1mmol·L-1。高浓度的3种诱导子均导致培养液酸化,原球茎的相对电导率上升,其生物量和生物碱含量明显下降。     

Nitric oxide is involved in methyl jasmonate-induced defense responses and secondary metabolism activities of Taxus cells

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a methyl ester of jasmonic acid (JA), is a well-established signal molecule in plant defense responses and an effective inducer of secondary metabolite accumulation in plant cell cultures such as the valuable anticancer diterpenoid taxol (paclitaxel) in Taxus spp. This work examines the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in MeJA-induced plant defense responses and secondary metabolism in Taxus chinensis cell cultures. Exogenously supplied MeJA at 100 microM induced rapid production of NO in the Taxus cell cultures, reaching a maximum within 6 h of MeJA supply. Several other responses occurred concomitantly, including the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the increases in intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lipoxygenase (LOX) and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) activities. The MeJA-induced H2O2 production was suppressed by an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but enhanced by NO inhibitors, N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO). In contrast, the MeJA-induced MDA, LOX and PAL were all enhanced by the NO donor but suppressed by the NO inhibitors. The NO inhibitors also suppressed MeJA-induced taxol accumulation. These results are suggestive of a role for NO as a signal element for activating the MeJA-induced defense responses and secondary metabolism activities of plant cells.     

Low density lipoprotein inhibits accumulation of nitrites in murine brain endothelial cell cultures.

Endothelial cells produce nitric oxide which is considered to serve as a major source of endothelial derived relaxing factor activity. It has been demonstrated that activation of mouse brain endothelium by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma led to accumulation of nitrite which is presumably formed by oxidation of nitric oxide. A number of studies suggest that reactive oxygen species produced by cytokine-activated cells are involved in the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrites and nitrates. We investigated whether low density lipoprotein (LDL), acting as a radical scavenger, is able to inhibit nitrite accumulation in mouse brain endothelial cell cultures and in a cell-free system in which sodium nitroprusside was used as a source of nitric oxide. A comparison of these two models indicates the active involvement of LDL in suppressing nitrite accumulation in murine endothelial cultures.     

塔玛亚历山大藻对氮和磷的吸收及其生长特性

参照塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)赤潮爆发时的物理条件,以f／2加富的人工海水为培养基,设定了不同的氮、磷水平,研究了在室内批量培养条件下,塔玛亚历山大藻对无机氮、磷的吸收和无机氮、磷对塔玛亚历山大藻细胞生长的影响．结果表明,3种氮浓度条件下,塔玛亚历山大藻的比生长速率几乎没有差异,但低氮(0．0882mmol·L-1)条件下,藻细胞的生物量最低;中氮(0．882mmol·L-1)条件下,藻细胞具有最大的生物量,分别比高氮(2．646mmol·L-1)和低氮下增加44．7％和53．6％．随着培养基中磷浓度的升高,藻细胞生物量也升高,在高磷(0．108mmol·L-1)条件下达到最大值17200cell·ml-1,但在中磷(0．036mmol.L-1)条件下藻细胞具有最大的比生长速率．藻细胞对氮、磷的吸收速率与生长状态有密切关系,氮、磷限制条件下生长的藻细胞对氮、磷有快速的吸收．研究显示,低的N／P比有利于塔玛亚历山大藻的生长分裂,对数生长后期适当补氮则有利于其生物量的积累．     

外源一氧化氮供体浸种对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠浸种可以提高玉米种子的发芽率,浓度为10、100、1000、2000μmol·L-1时,促进幼苗地上部和根的伸长生长,且有利于玉米侧根发生,幼苗叶片中的硝酸还原酶的活性也提高.以100μmol·L-1的硝普钠处理的综合效果最好.     

Enhanced catharanthine production in catharanthus roseus cell cultures by combined elicitor treatment in shake flasks and bioreactors

Chemical and fungal elicitors were added to Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures so as to improve the production of indole alkaloids. A synergistic effect on alkaloid accumulation was observed in C. roseus cell cultures when treated with some combined elicitors of fungal preparations and chemicals. Among them, the combination of tetramethyl amminium bromide and Aspergillum niger mycelial homogenate gave the highest ajmalicine yield (63 mg l(-1)) and an improved catharanthine accumulation (17 mg l(-1)). The combined elicitors of malate and sodium alginate resulted in the highest catharanthine yield (26 mg l(-1)) and a high ajmalicine accumulation (41 mg l(-1)) in the cell cultures. Based on the synergistic effect of malate and sodium alginate, a process with enhanced catharanthine production in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures was developed in shake flasks and a bioreactor. After 10 days of culture, 25 mg l(-1), 32 mg l(-1) and 22 mg l(-1) catharanthine yield were obtained in 500-ml flasks, 1000-ml flasks and in a 20-l airlift bioreactor, respectively. Upon malate-alginate combining treatments, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities decreased in elicited cells but phenylalanine ammonia lyase and lipoxygenase activities increased dramatically. That suggests a typical defense responses took place in the combined elicitors-treated cell cultures. Furthermore, the combined elicitors also caused a significant increase of malondialdehyde level in cell cultures, which suggests a serious lipid peroxidation occurred in the elicited cell cultures. Comparison of these results suggests that malate and alginate combining treatment also stimulates defense responses, such as lipid peroxidation, in all C. roseus culture processes and this may mediate the indole alkaloid production via jasmonate pathway.     

外源NO对缺铁豌豆幼苗生长以及光合作用的影响

以水培豌豆(Pisum sativum)品种‘陇碗一号’幼苗为材料,以硝普钠(SNP)为一氧化氮(NO)供体,研究外源NO对缺铁豌豆幼苗的生长及光合作用的影响。结果显示:0.6 mmol.L-1的外源SNP所产生的NO能够促进缺铁豌豆幼苗的生长,并促进叶绿素的合成,增强净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),而使胞间CO2浓度(Ci)下降;同时,叶绿素荧光最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(Yield)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)均升高,在一定程度上缓解缺铁对豌豆幼苗叶片PSII反应中心的影响。外源NO对正常铁(100μmol.L-1Fe)处理下豌豆幼苗的生长和光合作用具有一定的抑制作用。研究表明,缺铁和正常铁处理的豌豆幼苗对NO的敏感性不同,适宜浓度的NO对缺铁下豌豆幼苗的生长和光合都具有一定的改善作用。