天牛科昆虫高级分类阶元实体的进化研究

本文从生物地理学、形态学、生态学、行为学、生理学、天牛—寄主植物的相互关系、地质学、气候变迁等诸方面,探讨了天牛科高级分类阶元实体的进化证据,提出了各阶元实体进化关系的新假说。研究结果表明,沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科和天牛亚科可能于侏罗纪在冈瓦纳古陆上分化出来;花天牛亚科和幽天牛亚科于白垩纪在劳亚古陆上分化出来。各亚科的进化顺序有两种可能:(1)沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科、天牛亚科、花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科;(2)沟胫天牛亚科、天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科;花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科。文章最后还讨论了各亚科的系统发育关系。     

天牛科昆虫高级分类阶元实体的进化研究(英文)

本文从生物地理学、形态学、生态学、行为学、生理学、天牛—寄主植物的相互关系、地质学、气候变迁等诸方面,探讨了天牛科高级分类阶元实体的进化证据,提出了各阶元实体进化关系的新假说。研究结果表明,沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科和天牛亚科可能于侏罗纪在冈瓦纳古陆上分化出来;花天牛亚科和幽天牛亚科于白垩纪在劳亚古陆上分化出来。各亚科的进化顺序有两种可能:(1)沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科、天牛亚科、花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科;(2)沟胫天牛亚科、天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科;花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科。文章最后还讨论了各亚科的系统发育关系。     

利用分子标记18S rDNA对天牛高阶元进化关系的研究

【目的】构建天牛总科高阶元的进化关系,为解决天牛各亚科之间进化关系和归属提供依据。【方法】本研究采用18S rDNA(V4、V7区)分子标记,分析和测定了49种天牛基因序列,并结合GenBank数据库中3科2亚科21种天牛的18S rDNA基因序列,采用邻近法(Neighbor Jointing,NJ)、贝叶斯推论法(Bayesian Inference,BI)和最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood),对天牛总科3科6亚科的70种天牛基因序列构建进化树,探讨天牛高阶元类群的进化关系。【结果】研究表明:序列分析比对后得到序列为703 bp,碱基A、T、C、G的含量分别为21.1%、26.3%、23.6%和28.9%;变异位点(Variable sites)98个占全部位点的13.9%,简约信息位点(Parsimony informative sites)45个占全部位点的6.4%;转换(Transition)/颠换(Transversion)的平均值R值为2.79,转换大于颠换。进化树结果显示沟胫天牛亚科Lamiinae、天牛亚科Cerambycinae、锯天牛亚科Prioninae和瘦天牛科Disteniidae为单系性进化群,这与传统形态学分类结果相似。【结论】本研究成功构建了天牛总科高阶元的系统发育树,研究证明18S rDNA(V4、V7区)是探讨天牛高级阶元分类有效的分子标记。     

膜花天牛属五新种及一新记录(鞘翅目:天牛科, 花天牛亚科)

膜花天牛属(Necydalis)以往隶属于花天牛亚科Lepturinae,70年代以来,日本、苏联某些天牛分类专家主张膜花天牛族Necydalini从花天牛亚科独立出来,提升为亚科级,即Necydalinae,鉴于我们对该族缺乏成虫翅脉及幼虫的研究,因此本文仍将该族归入花天牛亚科。该族在我国包括两个属,即膜花天牛属及蜂花天牛属(Ulochaetes),     

狭胸天牛分类地位初步研究（鞘翅目：天牛总科）

天牛类幼虫特征是探讨天牛总科演化和分类系统的重要依据。长期以来由于未找到狭胸天牛幼虫,其地位难以确定,影响到天牛总科分类系统的重建。近年来,在中国广西和西藏发现的猜胸天牛Philus antennatus (Gyllenhal）和细点音天牛Het-erophilus punctulatus Ching et Chen幼虫,为研究猜胸天牛分类地位提供了新的证据。综合比较认为,猜胸天牛与暗天牛科最相近,倾向于将狭胸天牛亚科归和暗天牛科。     

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE FEMALE GENITALIA OF SPECIES IN THE SUBFAMILY PRIONINAE ( COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE)

比较研究了锯天牛亚科4族10属20种(亚种)的雌性生殖器特征.研究结果表明:雌性生殖器特征在锯天牛亚科族级、属级和种级均具有分类学意义.此研究对传统外部形态分类特征进行了补充.     

锯天牛亚科雌性生殖器比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,天牛科)

比较研究了锯天牛亚科4族10属20种(亚种)的雌性生殖器特征。研究结果表明:雌性生殖器特征在锯天牛亚科族级、属级和种级均具有分类学意义。此研究对传统外部形态分类特征进行了补充。     

基于线粒体16S rDNA基因的天牛科部分种类分子系统学研究(鞘翅目:天牛科)

研究测定了天牛科3亚科9种昆虫线粒体16S rDNA基因约500bp的序列,对序列的碱基组成和遗传距离进行分析。并基于16S rDNA基因序列数据,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)分析天牛科3亚科分子系统发育关系。研究结果表明,2种方法得到的分子系统树其分支结果一致,可将内群分为2个分支,第1个分支包括沟胫天牛亚科和天牛亚科;第2个分支包括花天牛亚科。16SrDNA基因对天牛科亚科间系统发育的研究是有价值的。     

贺兰山天牛科昆虫区系组成及垂直分布

2013-2015年对贺兰山不同海拔和垂直植被带的天牛科昆虫进行系统调查,结果表明:贺兰山共有天牛科昆虫6亚科31属45种,其中,沟胫天牛亚科属、种数最多,有14属21种,其种数占总种数46.67%,天牛亚科有9属12种,幽天牛亚科有4属5种,花天牛亚科有2属4种,锯天牛亚科2属2种,膜花天牛亚科仅有1属1种。区系组成上,古北界有17种,占总种数的37.78%,其中中亚成分占35.29%,广布型28种,占总种数的62.22%。在我国昆虫地理区划中的分布共有13个分布类型,全国广布型最多,占总种数的20%。以蒙新区种类为主体,并与东北区和华北区关系密切联系。在垂直分布上,以山前阔叶林带采集到的天牛种类最多,有22种,占总数的48.89%;从低海拔的山前荒漠半荒漠带到高海拔的山地针叶林带,天牛物种数量逐渐增加;除山地草原带外,随海拔增高,古北界种类逐渐增多。通过聚类分析显示,山地针叶林带和针阔混交林带天牛种类组成相似性较高;山地灌丛带、山地疏林带和山前阔叶林带相似性较高;山前荒漠半荒漠带、山地草地带与其他植被带天牛组成差异较大。     

基于核糖体DNA联合序列的天牛总科高阶元分子系统学研究

【目的】利用核糖体DNA联合序列探讨天牛总科高阶元分子系统发育。【方法】本研究采用分子标记技术,分析测定了63种天牛核糖体28S rDNA D2和D3区以及18S rDNA V4和V7区的DNA序列,并采用邻接法、最大似然法和贝叶斯推论法分别构建了天牛总科2科6亚科63种的分子进化系统。【结果】序列联合比对分析,最终得到1 404 bp的联合数据组,其中可变位点446个（32.0%）,保守位点958（68.0%）,转换/颠换的平均值（R值）为1.73。28S rDNA和18S rDNA以及联合序列的饱和度分析显示碱基突变未达到饱和,说明这些序列适合于分子进化树的构建。利用不同系统发育重建方法得到进化树具有相似拓扑结构,结果支持沟胫天牛亚科、花天牛亚科和天牛亚科为单系群,这与形态学分类结果相似;狭胸天牛独立成为亚科得到了支持。【结论】利用28S rDNA D2和D3区以及18S rDNA V4和V7区联合序列成功构建出了天牛总科高阶元的系统发育树。研究表明联合序列分析是探讨天牛高阶元分类的有效的方法。     

Host adaptation of a gregarious parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerodermus harmandi</Emphasis> in artificial rearing

Adaptations of a parasitoid, Sclerodermus harmandi (Buysson 1903) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) to a target host, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were investigated in laboratory colonies. We quantified the physiological and behavioral flexibility of the parasitoid reared on M. alternatus compared to the parasitoid reared on a common host, Saperda populnea (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Adult performance (fecundity and pre-oviposition period) and offspring physiological responses (mortality and sex ratio) of S. harmandi reared on M. alternatus improved over multiple generations. S. harmandi females of the 12th generation on the target host showed better performance, i.e., shorter time for searching and handling, higher oviposition preference, and, subsequently, lower offspring mortality and proportion of male emergence on the host than those from the base stock. Our work demonstrated that these traits in S. harmandi were influenced by the integration of cultured generations and host quality, which implies that the potential effectiveness of S. harmandi as a biological control agent can be further improved.     

Higher‐level phylogeny of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) inferred from mitochondrial genomes

Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles) and related families in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea are important components of forest ecosystems and play a key role in nutrient cycling and pollination. Using full mitochondrial genomes and dense taxon sampling, the phylogeny of Chrysomeloidea with a focus on Cerambycidae and allied families was explored. We used 151 mitochondrial genomes (75 newly sequenced) covering all families and 29 subfamilies of Chrysomeloidea. Our results reveal that (i) Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) are sister to all other chrysomeloid families; (ii) Cerambycidae sensu stricto (s. s.) is polyphyletic due to the inclusion of other families that split Cerambycidae into a ‘lamiine’ clade comprising Lepturinae sensu lato (s. l.) + (Lamiinae + Spondylidinae) and a ‘cerambycine’ clade comprising Dorcasominae + (Cerambycinae + Prioninae s. l.); (iii) the subfamilies within the two clades of Cerambycidae s. s. were monophyletic, except for the placement of Necydalinae nested in Lepturinae, and the placement of Parandrinae within Prioninae (now considered as tribes Necydalini and Parandrini, respectively); (iv) smaller families were grouped into two major clades: one composed of Disteniidae+Vesperidae and the other composed of Orsodacnidae + (Megalopodidae + Oxypeltidae); (v) relationships among the four major clades were poorly supported but were resolved as ((cerambycines + (Disteniidae + Vesperidae) + Orsodacnidae + (Megalopodidae + Oxypeltidae)) + lamiines. Divergence time analyses estimated that Chrysomeloidea originated ca. 154.1 Mya during the late Jurassic, and most subfamilies of Cerambycidae originated much earlier than subfamilies of Chrysomelidae. The diversification of families within Chrysomeloidea was largely coincident with the radiation of angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous.     

酯酶同工酶在鞘翅目昆虫分类中的应用简介

简要介绍了酯酶同工酶电泳技术在鞘翅目昆虫分类研究中的应用。包括叶甲科Chrysomelidae、天牛科Cerambycidae、小蠹科Scolytidae、瓢虫科Coccinelidae、豆象科Bruchidae、金龟子科Scarabaeidae、萤科Lampyridae和苔水龟虫科Hydraenidae等。     

数学形态学在昆虫分类学上的应用研究.Ⅲ.在科阶元上的应用研究

在科分类阶元上对半翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目8个科的23种昆虫图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,在科的阶元上11项特征可靠性大小依次为(似圆度、偏心率)>(面积、周长、横轴长、球状性)>(纵轴长、圆形性)>(形状参数、叶状性)>亮斑数。从数学形态学角度出发,夜蛾科等3个科的亲缘关系远近为夜蛾科与粉蝶科>大蚕蛾科与粉蝶科>夜蛾科与大蚕蛾科;鳃金龟等3科的亲缘关系远近为鳃金龟科与天牛科、丽金龟科与天牛科>鳃金龟科与丽金龟科。     

A new parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monochamus alternatus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China

Bracomorpha ninghais sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is described and illustrated based on individuals reared from the immature stages of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Zhejiang of China, which is considered a notorious forest pest associated with the main vector of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in China.     

Sound production and chorusing behaviour in larvae of Icosium tomentosum

Substrate-borne vibrations produced by the larvae of non-lamiinae longicorn Icosium tomentosum Lucas, 1854 (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) are also emitted as loud sounds audible to humans. The vibrations consists of a long sequence of regularly repeated pulses at a rate of 8 pulses per second. The duration of the pulses are 0.061±0.009 s and the interpulse intervals are 0.065±0.015 s. The mechanism of vibration generation is the scraping by strongly sclerotised mandibles against the bark. Chorusing behaviour previously unknown in Cerambycidae larvae have been observed when the larvae feeding in the same or nearby branches starting to produce the audible vibrations in reaction to the vibrations of another larva.     

Adults of the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae use both olfactory and visual information to locate mates

Many species of beetles in the family Cerambycidae use volatile pheromones to facilitate the location of mates. Visual cues may also influence the location of mates, as the adults of many species of cerambycids are often brightly patterned and diurnal. Theory predicts that combining signals or cues of different modalities (e.g., chemical, visual) to transmit information will increase the likelihood of an organism responding to this information, compared to when the signal or cue is presented alone. Here, we test the hypothesis that attraction of adults of the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae (Gahan) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Clytini) to their pheromones will be increased when visual cues are present. Consistent with that hypothesis, the number of beetles caught by traps baited with pheromones was increased 3.4‐fold when a dead adult beetle of that species was attached to the trap, relative to those with just pheromone alone. Capture of M. caryae in our study was also influenced by the position of traps within forest stands, with traps at 100 m within stands catching 2.5× as many beetles as traps at the forest edge. These findings suggest that vision and visual cues play an important role in the location of mates by cerambycid beetles and warrant further research. Also, the inclusion of visual cues on traps may enhance the efficacy of trapping cerambycid beetles, such as the detection of species that are non‐native and potentially invasive, or when monitoring species that are native and of conservation concern.     

Inspection of frass ejection could decrease the risk of white-spotted longicorn beetle Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) infestation of Japanese pine bonsais to negligible levels

Applied Entomology and Zoology - To evaluate the infection risk of Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in two species of Japanese pine bonsais (Japanese black pine and...     

A new species of Clytus Laicharting (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Korea with a key to Korean species

A new species of Clytus Laicharting (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is described from Korea. Illustrations of diagnostic characteristics of the new species including male genitalia are provided with a key to Korean Clytus species.     

The chromosomes of Lepturinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) II. A study of eight more species,with focus on Desmocerus palliatus

Following the study of 28 species of Lepturinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) the karyotypes of seven additional Palaearctic and one Nearctic species are established. The 19,X male karyotypes found in genera Stictoleptura (four species), Vadonia and Judolia (one species each) confirm the loss of Y chromosome in Lepturini. The 22,XY male karyotype of Cortodera humeralis is very close to that of some species of Rhagiini (genera Gaurotes, Acmaeops, Dinoptera, all 22,XY) and Grammoptera ruficornis (24,XY) recently reported. We propose that these taxa could form a monophyletic group within Rhagiini. The karyotype of the Nearctic species Desmocerus palliates (23,neoXneoXneoY) is quite different and characterized by the presence of many acrocentric chromosomes and a complex autosome–gonosome translocation. Its particular karyotype is compatible with its present classification within a separate tribe, the Desmocerini.