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1.
The effects of a 1-month exercise program and magnesium supplementation on the adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels
were studied in young tae-kwon-do and sedentary subjects both at rest and exhaustion. The hormone levels were compared before
and after supplementation with 10 mg of magnesium (as magnesium sulfate) per kilogram of body weight. Both exercise and magnesium
supplements caused significant increases of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (p < 0.05). The cortisol levels were increased in training subjects receiving supplements (p < 0.05) but not so in subjects that either trained or received magnesium supplements in an independent manner. The cortisol
levels measured in resting individuals were higher in the supplemented and non-supplemented athletes than those in sedentary
subjects (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that exercise and/or magnesium supplementation causes a rise of the adrenocorticotropic
hormone, whereas cortisol is increased only as a result of combined exhaustion and magnesium supplements. 相似文献
2.
Vedat Cinar Rasim Mogulkoc Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci Ozgur Bostanci 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(1):29-33
This study was performed to determine how the calcium supplementation for a 4-week period affects the glucose and insulin
levels at rest and at exhaustion in athletes. This is a 4-week study performed on 30 healthy subjects varying between 18 and
22 ages. Subjects were separated into three groups: first group (group supplemented with calcium, sedentary group), second
group (calcium supplementations + exercise group), and third group (training group). Glucose and insulin parameters of the
groups were measured four times, at rest and exhaustion in the beginning of the research and at rest and exhaustion after
the end of 4 weeks application period. Exhaustion measurements both before and after the supplementations significantly decreased
in compared to rest measurements in terms of insulin (p < 0.05). Significant difference was not determined in the glucose values of groups. In terms of glucose, values increased
in all of the three groups occurred with exercise both before and after the supplementation by exercise and exhaustion (p < 0.05). The results of our study indicate that calcium gluconate supplementations for 4 weeks in sedentary subjects and
athletes did not significantly affect plasma insulin levels at rest and exhaustion. However, glucose levels were affected
by calcium supplementation and exhausting exercise in athletes. 相似文献
3.
Vedat Cinar Rasim Mogulkoc Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(2):130-135
In the present study, experiments were designed to investigate if supplementation with calcium during 4 weeks had an effect
on blood parameters in sedentary male athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty healthy subjects of ages ranging from 18 to
22 years were included in the study. The subjects were separated into three groups, as follows: Group 1 consisted sedentary
athletes receiving 35 mg/kg/day calcium gluconate. Group 2 included subjects equally supplemented with calcium training 90 min/day
for 5 days/week. Group 3 were subject to the same exercise regime but did not receive calcium supplements. Blood parameters
were determined in the experimental subjects at rest and after exhaustion. The leukocyte count (WBC) of athletes in groups
2 and 3 were significantly higher at exhaustion (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the WBC of the two supplemented groups. The erythrocyte count (RBC) was
increased in the supplemented athletes after training (p < 0.05), but hemoglobin, hematocrit, and trombocyte levels remained unchanged. The mean corpuscular volume increased in the
calcium-supplemented group at rest (p < 0.05). These results suggest that calcium supplementation only causes increases in white and red blood cell counts in athletes
after exhaustion while other hematological parameters remain unchanged. 相似文献
4.
The combined effects of vitamin E and selenium were studied in native Anatolian horses subject to strenuous exercise. The
concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium were determined in serum by atomic absorption spectrometry
in two study groups (n = 25 each), one of which served as untreated controls. After exercising the horses by running 1,500 m in about 7 min, only
the copper level and the copper/zinc ratio significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the concentrations of calcium, potassium, iron, and magnesium remained unchanged. In horses treated with vitamin
E and selenium, the calcium and potassium levels decreased to levels lower than those of untreated controls before and after
exercise. The iron levels were not changed by exercise or treatment alone but increased when the horses had been supplemented
and exercised. The copper level and the copper/zinc ration increased as a result of exercise in both treated and untreated
horses. These changes suggest that supplementation with vitamin E and selenium had an important effect on the serum concentrations
of calcium, potassium, copper, iron, and the copper/zinc ratio. 相似文献
5.
Lucianna Fernandes J. C. Marques Carmen Marino Donangelo Juliana Gastao Franco Luciane Pires Aderval Severino Luna Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes Patricia Cristina Lisboa Josely Correa Koury 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):415-423
Intense physical activity is associated with biological adaptations involving hormones and trace elements. Zinc supplementation
may affect plasma copper concentration, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose homeostasis,
but data in athletes are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate in competitive athletes (cyclists, n = 7, 32 ± 8 years) the effect of zinc supplementation (22 mg/day as zinc gluconate) during 30 days, and discontinuation using
placebo (maltodextrin) during the following 30 days, on plasma zinc and copper concentrations, serum thyroid hormones, insulin
and glucose levels, and HOMA2-IR. Compared to baseline, plasma zinc and Zn:Cu plasma ratio increased, but plasma copper decreased
after zinc supplementation (day 30) and discontinuation (day 60) (p < 0.05). Zn supplementation and discontinuation had no effect on TSH, T3, and T4. Fasting serum insulin and HOMA2-IR increased
(27% and 47%, respectively) on day 60 compared to baseline (p = 0.03), suggesting a delayed effect of zinc supplementation. Moreover, plasma zinc was positively associated with serum
insulin (r = 0.87, p = 0.009) and HOMA2-IR (r = 0.81, p = 0.03) after zinc supplementation (day 30), indicating that supplemental zinc may impair glucose utilization in cyclists. 相似文献
6.
Marcos Maynar Rafael Timon Alfredo González Guillermo Olcina Fermin Toribio Juan I. Maynar Maria J. Caballero 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2010,66(2):137-142
Previous studies with different results have suggested that total and bioavailable testosterone levels are modified by physical
exercise. Such changes may be related to modifications in cortisol levels and could be reflected in some urine androgens.
To determine how weight lifting training may affect serum and urinary androgens, we measured total serum testosterone (T),
cortisol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and urinary testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, and etiocholanolone,
in a group of 19 elite weight lifters after 20 weeks of training. SHBG increased (from 27.5 ± 9.5 to 34.7 ± 8.1 nM, p < 0.05) whereas T/SHBG decreased significantly (from 1.10 ± 0.4 to 0.85 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Serum total testosterone and cortisol did not change significantly. In urine, androsterone and etiocholanolone decreased
significantly, whereas testosterone and epitestosterone remained unchanged. Changes in T/SHBG were related positively with
changes in urinary androgens (r = 0.680, p < 0.01), and changes in SHBG were negatively related with changes in urinary androgens (r = −0.578, p < 0.01). These results suggest that intense physical activity may have an influence on the elimination of androgenic hormones
due mainly to changes in their transporting protein SHBG. 相似文献
7.
Michael S. Conley Michael H. Stone Michael Nimmons G. A. Dudley 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(5):443-448
This study examined hypertrophy after head extension resistance training to assess which muscles of the complicated cervical
neuromuscular system were used in this activity. We also determined if conventional resistance exercises, which are likely
to evoke isometric action of the neck, induce generalized hypertrophy of the cervical muscle. Twenty-two active college students
were studied. [mean (SE) age, weight and height: 21 (1) years, 71 (4) kg and 173 (3) cm, respectively]. Subjects were assigned
to one of three groups: RESX (head extension exercise and other resistance exercises), RES (resistance exercises without specific
neck exercise), or CON (no training). Groups RESX (n = 8) and RES (n = 6) trained 3 days/week for 12 weeks with large-muscle mass exercises (squat, deadlift, push press, bent row and mid-thigh
pull). Group RESX also performed three sets of ten repetitions of a head extension exercise 3 days/week with a load equal
to the 3 × 10 repetition maximum (RM). Group CON (n = 8) was a control group. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of nine individual muscles or muscle groups was determined by magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical region. The CSA data were averaged over four contiguous transaxial slices in which
all muscles of interest were visible. The 3 × 10 RM for the head extension exercise increased for RESX after training [from
17.9 (1.0) to 23.9 (1.4) kg, P < 0.05] but not for RES [from 17.6 (1.4) to 17.7 (1.9)␣kg] or CON [from 10.1 (2.2) to 10.3 (2.1) kg]. RESX showed an increase
in total neck muscle CSA after training [from 19.5 (3.0) to 22.0 (3.6) cm2, P < 0.05], but RES and CON did not [from 19.6 (2.9) to 19.7 (2.9)␣cm2 and 17.0 (2.5) to 17.0 (2.4) cm2, respectively]. This hypertrophy for RESX was due mainly to increases in CSA of 23.9 (3.2), 24.0 (5.8), and 24.9 (5.3)% for
the splenius capitis, and semispinalis capitis and cervicis muscles, respectively. The lack of generalized neck muscle hypertrophy
in RES was not due to insufficient training. For example, the CSA of their quadriceps femoris muscle group, as assessed by
MRI, increased by 7 (1)% after this short-term training (P < 0.05). The results suggest that: (1) the splenius capitis, and semispinalis capitis and cervicis muscles are mainly responsible
for head extension; (2) short-term resistance training does not provide a sufficient stimulus to evoke neck muscle hypertrophy
unless specific neck exercises are performed; and (3) the postural role of head extensors provides modest loading in bipeds.
Accepted: 15 October 1996 相似文献
8.
Edith Filaire Pascale Duché Gérard Lac 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(5):466-471
This study was designed to investigate in the saliva the influence in female athletes of handball or volleyball training on
concentrations of cortisol [C], dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], and on the [DHEA]:[C] ratio over 16 weeks of training. Data
were compared to those of sedentary women. Saliva samples were collected upon waking after an overnight fast during the 1st
week (W1) of the training programme and in the 16th week (W16). The training programme increased the resting concentrations of saliva [DHEA] in all the sportswomen. In contrast, a decrease
of [DHEA] was noted in the sedentary group (W16 < W1; P < 0.05). In none of the women did the [C] at rest change significantly during the study. Between W1 and W16, the [DHEA]:[C] ratio increased by more than 30% in all the sportswomen. In addition, the athletes with the highest performance
levels and greatest amount of training had the lowest [DHEA]:[C] ratio. Negative linear relationships between the amount of
training and the [DHEA]:[C] ratio were found both at W1 (r = −0.53 P < 0.001), and W16 (r=−0.73 P < 0.001), suggesting that the latter could be used as an indicator of the training status of sportswomen.
Accepted: 12 May 1998 相似文献
9.
It is thought that calcium and magnesium may be related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however,
to date, there have been few studies investigating the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic
syndrome in middle-aged male adults. We aimed to investigate the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and
metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged male adults. Study subjects included 213 men aged 30∼60 years. MetS risk score is
determined by adding the number of risk factors, waist circumference, triacylglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, glucose, and
blood pressure (BP). The study population was divided into three groups according to the MetS risk score: group I (MetS risk
score ≤1; n = 106), group II (MetS risk score = 2; n = 51), and group III (MetS risk score ≥3; n = 56). The serum Ca, according to increase of MetS risk score, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration among the three groups. Subjects with high TG
and high BP had higher serum calcium levels than those without such abnormalities. Subjects with higher glucose had lower
serum magnesium levels than those without such abnormality. The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Ca had positive
correlations with the MetS risk score (r = 0.1769, p < 0.01), serum TG (r = 0.2516, p < 0.001), and DBP (r = 0.2246, p < 0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Mg had an inverse relationship with serum glucose (r = −0.2404, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum Ca had positive association with TG and BP, while serum Mg had negative association with serum
glucose after adjusting age and BMI among the middle-aged Korean male adults. 相似文献
10.
Patrick Mucci Jacques Prioux Maurice Hayot Michèle Ramonatxo Christian Préfaut 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(4):343-351
Exercise-induced hypoxaemia (EIH) in master athletes may be related to a diminished exercise hyper- pnoea. The aim of this
study was to determine whether EIH is associated with a change in the sensitivity of the ventilation response to activation
of the central chemoreceptors. The ventilation response to CO2 was measured in nine elderly untrained men (UT) [mean age 66.3 (SEM 3.1) years] and nine master athletes (MA) [mean age 62.7
(SEM 0.8) years] at rest, during moderate exercise (40% maximal oxygen uptake, V˙O2max), and during strenuous exercise (70% V˙O2max) using the rebreathing method. Our results showed that the ventilation response to CO2 did not differ with endurance training and/or exercise, that the threshold of the CO2 response (Th) increased with exercise (P < 0.001), that the increase in Th in MA was higher than in UT between rest and moderate exercise [ΔTh0–40: 8.55 (SEM 1.8) vs 3.06 (SEM 1.72) mmHg, P < 0.05], and that ΔTh0–40 and Th during moderate exercise were negatively correlated with arterial O2 saturation during maximal exercise (r = 0.50, P<0.05). We concluded therefore that exercise-induced hypoxaemia in master athletes may not be due to a lower ventilation response
to CO2, but may be partly related to a greater increase in Th during moderate exercise.
Accepted: 18 August 1997 相似文献
11.
Casimiro-Lopes G de Oliveira-Junior AV Portella ES Lisboa PC Donangelo CM de Moura EG Koury JC 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(2):109-115
The purpose of this study was to compare plasma leptin, plasma zinc, and plasma copper levels and their relationship in trained
female and male judo athletes (n = 10 women; n = 8 men). Blood samples were obtained 24 h after training to measure plasma zinc, copper, and leptin levels. Subjects presented
similar values to age (22 ± 2 years old), body mass index (24 ± 1 kg/m2), plasma zinc (17.2 ± 2 μmol/L), copper (12.5 ± 2 μmol/L), and leptin (5.6 ± 1.3 μg/L). However, height, total body mass,
lean mass, fat mass, and sum of ten-skinfold thickness were higher in male than female. Plasma leptin was associated with
sum of ten skinfolds in male (r = 0.91; p < 0.001) and female athletes (r = 0.84; p < 0.003). Plasma zinc was associated with leptin in males (r = 0.82; p < 0.05) while copper was associated with plasma leptin in females (r = 0.66; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that young judo athletes lost sex-related differences in leptin levels. Plasma zinc, plasma
copper, and energy homeostasis may be involved in regulation of plasma leptin. 相似文献
12.
I. K. M. Brenner J. Zamecnik P. N. Shek R. J. Shephard 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,76(5):445-454
To determine if heat exposure alters the hormonal responses to moderate, repeated exercise, 11 healthy male subjects [age = 27.1
(3.0) years; maximal oxygen consumption, V˙O2max = 47.6 (6.2) ml · kg · min−1; mean (SD)] were assigned to four different experimental conditions according to a randomized-block design. While in a thermoneutral
(23°C) or heated (40°C, 30% relative humidity) climatic chamber, subjects performed either cycle ergometer exercise (two 30-min
bouts at ≈50% V˙O2max, separated by a 45-min recovery interval, CEx and HEx conditions), or remained seated for 3 h (CS and HS conditions). Blood
samples were analyzed for various exercise stress hormones [epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine, cortisol and human
growth hormone (hGH)]. Passive heating did not alter the concentrations of any of these hormones significantly. During both
environmental conditions, exercise induced significant (P < 0.001) elevations in plasma E, NE and hGH levels. At 23°C during bout 1: E = 393 (199) pmol · l−1 (CEx) vs 174 (85) pmol · l−1 (CS), NE = 4593 (2640) pmol · l−1 (CEx) vs 1548 (505) pmol · l−1 (CS), and hGH = 274 (340) pmol · l−1 (CEx)vs 64 (112) pmol · l−1 (CS). At 40°C, bout 1: E = 596 (346) pmol · l−1 (HEx) vs 323 (181) pmol · l−1 (HS), NE = 7789 (5129) pmol · l−1 (HEx) vs 1527 (605) pmol · l−1 (HS), and hGH = 453 (494) pmol · l−1 (HEx) vs 172 (355) pmol · l−1 (HS). However, concentrations of plasma cortisol were increased only in response to exercise in the heat [HEx = 364 (168)
nmol · l−1 vs HS = 295 (114) nmol · l−1). Compared to exercise at room temperature, plasma levels of E, NE and cortisol were all higher during exercise in the heat
(P < 0.001 in all cases). The repetition of exercise did not significantly alter the pattern of change in cortisol or hGH levels
in either environmental condition. However, repetition of exercise in the heat increased circulatory and psychological stress,
with significantly (P < 0.001) higher plasma concentrations of E and NE. These results indicate a differential response of the various stress hormones
to heat exposure and repeated moderate exercise.
Accepted: 16 April 1997 相似文献
13.
Thomas Rohde Sven Asp Dave A. MacLean Bente K. Pedersen 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(5):448-453
This study examined whether oral glutamine supplementation abolishes some of the exercise-induced changes in lymphocyte functions
following long-term intense exercise. A group of 16 marathon runners participating in The Copenhagen Marathon 1996 were placed
randomly in either a placebo (n = 7) or a glutamine receiving group (n = 9). Each subject received four doses of either placebo or glutamine (100 mg · kg−1) administered at 0, 30, 60, and 90-min post-race. In the placebo group the plasma glutamine concentrations were lower than
pre-race values during the post-exercise period [mean 647 (SEM 32) compared to 470 (SEM 22) μmol · l−1 90-min post-race, P < 0.05] whereas glutamine supplementation maintained the plasma glutamine concentration (at ∼750 μmol · l−1). Glutamine supplementation in vivo had no effect on the lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity, the proliferative
responses or the exercise-induced changes in concentrations or percentages of any of the leucocyte subpopulations examined.
Glutamine addition in in vitro studies enhanced the proliferative response in both groups. These data would suggest that decreased
plasma glutamine concentrations post-exercise are not responsible for exercise-induced decrease in LAK activity and that the
influence of glutamine in vitro is not dependent on the plasma glutamine concentration at the time of sampling.
Accepted: 23 April 1998 相似文献
14.
Heiko K. Strüder Wildor Hollmann Petra Platen Richard Rost Helmut Weicker Karl Weber 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(3):285-288
The aim of this study was to investigate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPAA) and -gonadal (HPGA) axis responses to post-exercise
(30 min at 65% V˙O2max) combined corticotrophin, luteinizing hormone and thyrotrophin releasing hormone challenge (0.7 μg/kg body mass) in elderly
distance runners (DR; age: 68.9 ± 4.2 year) and sedentary individuals (SI; age: 69.1 ± 2.6 year). Plasma cortisol, growth
hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and total testosterone (T) concentrations pre- and post-exercise
as well as in response to stimulation did not differ between DR and SI. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone returned to pre-exercise
level in DR 60 min and in SI 90 min post-stimulation. Free T was lower in DR at all time points. Our results do not support
the notion of altered releasing hormone-stimulable HPAA and HPGA synthesis-secretion capacity in elderly males after endurance
training.
Accepted: 18 November 1997 相似文献
15.
Suleyman Patlar Ekrem Boyali Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci Rasim Mogulkoc Mehmet Gunay 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(2):119-125
Many researchers have emphasized the relation between nutrition and development and sustaining performance. Two methods are
commonly employed to identify the interaction between physical activity and nutrition. The first consists of administering
food with a variety of contents to people engaged in physical activity and observing their performance responses, and the
other is concerned with determining the effects of physical activity on nutrition. Therefore, it can be said that there has
been a growing interest in the explorations into the relation between exercise and vitamins, minerals, and elements. The present
study reports the effects of 6 weeks administration of 300 mg/day vitamin E on the distribution of serum elements in elite
taekwondo athletes. Seven male athletes, mean ages 22.1 ± 0.5 years weighing on average 66.4 ± 2.4 kg were included in the
study. The athletes had been practicing taekwondo for 10–12 years. Resting blood samples were collected in duplicate before
and after supplementation for determination of serum levels of cobalt, boron, cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese, sulfur,
copper, iron, zinc, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and calcium. Supplementation resulted in significant increases of all elements
relative to values before supplementation (p < 0.001), with the exception of boron and sulfur, which remained without change. The results of the present study demonstrate
that vitamin E supplementation crucially influences the element and mineral metabolism in elite athletes. 相似文献
16.
Chae CH Jung SL An SH Jung CK Nam SN Kim HT 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2011,67(2):235-241
We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise performed regularly for 6 weeks on the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF),
tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1,2, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and caspase-3 in the soleus of rats
with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups:
(1) normal control group (NCG; n = 8), (2) normal exercise group (NEG; n = 8), (3) diabetes control group (DCG; n = 8), and (4) diabetes exercise group (DEG; n = 8). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg dissolved in 0.05 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Rats
were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The protein level of NGF significantly increased in the NEG
and DEG (p < 0.001), whereas the levels of tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001). The levels of t-PI3-K, p-PI3-K, and p-CREB, and the p-CREB/t-CREB ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001, respectively). The p-PI3-K/t-PI3-K ratio significantly increased in the DEG (p < 0.001). The p-Erk1/t-Erk1 ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001), whereas the p-Erk2/t-Erk2 ratio significantly decreased in the DCG and DEG (p < 0.001). The caspase-3 level significantly increased in the DCG compared with that in the DEG (p < 0.001). These results suggest that treadmill exercise increases NGF levels and accelerates p-PI3-K activation in order
to suppress apoptotic cell death in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. 相似文献
17.
H. Kanehisa M. Kondo S. Ikegawa T. Fukunaga 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(4):352-359
The purpose of this study was to investigate the profiles of body composition and force generation capability in professional
Sumo wrestlers. The subjects were 23 professional Sumo wrestlers [mean age 22.0 (SEM 1.2) years] including those ranked in
the lower- (Jonokuchi, n = 10), middle- (Sandanme, n = 8) and higher-division (Makuuchi, n = 5), 22 weight-classified athletes [5 judo athletes, 5 wrestlers, and 12 weight lifters, mean age 20.7 (SEM 0.7) years],
and 21 untrained men [mean age 20.1 (SEM 0.2) years]. In the Sumo wrestlers, body mass ranged between 77.0 and 150.0 kg, body
mass index between 25.9 and 44.5 kg · m−2, relative fat mass (%FM) between 11.9 and 37.0%, and fat-free mass (FFM) between 59.1 and 107.6 kg. The Sumo wrestlers showed
significantly higher %FM and smaller elbow and knee extensor cross-sectional areas (CSA) than the weight-classified athletes
who weighed from 90.4 kg to 133.2 kg. Moreover, isokinetic forces in the flexion and extension of elbow and knee joints, respectively,
at three constant velocities of 1.05, 3.14 and 5.24 rad · s−1 were significantly lower in the Sumo wrestlers than in the weight-classified athletes and untrained subjects when expressed
per unit of body mass. However, the median value of FFM relative to body height in the higher-division Sumo wrestlers was
ranked high in the range of magnitude among those reported previously in the literature for heavyweight athletes. Moreover,
the results on the comparisons within the Sumo wrestlers showed that not only FFM but also force generation capability, expressed
both as an absolute term and as a value relative to both body mass and muscle CSA, might be factors contributing to the performance
of Sumo wrestlers.
Accepted: 18 August 1997 相似文献
18.
The effects of magnesium supplementation on plasma magnesium, zinc, and copper levels were determined in young adult tae-kwon-do
athletes and sedentary controls at rest and exhaustion. After a 4-week supplementation period with 10 mg/day/kg Mg, the plasma
magnesium, copper, and zinc levels significantly increased in sedentary and training (90–120 min training 5 days a week) subjects
when compared to nonsupplemented controls (p < 0.05). 相似文献
19.
John P. McCarthy Marcas M. Bamman Janice M. Yelle Adrian D. LeBlanc Roger M. Rowe Michael C. Greenisen Stuart M. C. Lee Elisabeth R. Spector Suzanne M. Fortney 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,76(1):32-40
Resistance exercise has been suggested to increase blood volume, increase the sensitivity of the carotid baroreceptor cardiac
reflex response (BARO), and decrease leg compliance, all factors that are expected to improve orthostatic tolerance. To further
test these hypotheses, cardiovascular responses to standing and to pre-syncopal limited lower body negative pressure (LBNP)
were measured in two groups of sedentary men before and after a 12-week period of either exercise (n = 10) or no exercise (control, n = 9). Resistance exercise training consisted of nine isotonic exercises, four sets of each, 3 days per week, stressing all
major muscle groups. After exercise training, leg muscle volumes increased (P < 0.05) by 4–14%, lean body mass increased (P = 0.00) by 2.0 (0.5) kg, leg compliance and BARO were not significantly altered, and the maximal LBNP tolerated without pre-syncope
was not significantly different. Supine resting heart rate was reduced (P = 0.03) without attenuating the heart rate or blood pressure responses during the stand test or LBNP. Also, blood volume
(125I and 51Cr) and red cell mass were increased (P < 0.02) by 2.8% and 3.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that intense resistance exercise increases blood volume but
does not consistently improve orthostatic tolerance.
Accepted: 17 January 1997 相似文献
20.
David Ben-Sira Michael Sagiv 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(6):549-553
The effect of gender on left ventricular systolic function and exercise haemodynamics in healthy young subjects was studied
during 30-s all-out sudden strenuous dynamic exercise. A group of 22 men [19.3 (SD 1) years] 20 women [19.1 (SD 1) years]
volunteered to participate in this study. Two-dimensional direct M-mode and Doppler echocardiograph studies were performed
with the subject in the sitting position. The Doppler examination of flow was located with continuous-wave, interrogating
ascending aorta measurements. The subjects completed the study without showing any electrocardiograph abnormalities. An interaction
effect with stroke volume (P < 0.05) was characterized by a decrease in the men and an increase of stroke volume in the women. Cardiac output rose significantly
(P < 0.05) up to 14.5 (SD 6) l · min−1) for the men and 12.1 (SD 4) l · min−1 for the women compared to the rest values [5.8 (SD 0.4) and 4.7 (SD 0.5) l · min−1, respectively]. Flow velocity integral and acceleration time differed significantly between the two groups at rest (P < 0.05). During exercise these differences showed an interaction effect (P < 0.05). These results would indicate that normal men and women respond to sudden strenuous exercise by reducing their left
ventricular systolic function, with a significantly greater decrease in women (P < 0.05). The gender differences in the haemodynamic responses during the present study, may, as suggested by others, be attributable
to differences in energy metabolism. In addition, changes in Doppler parameters of aortic flow, haemodynamics and blood pressure
responses during sudden strenuous exercise differed markedly from those seen before with endurance exercise.
Accepted: 8 January 1997 相似文献