Australian Iphimediidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Australian species of the iphimediid amphipod genus Iphimedia are revised. Based on new material from inshore and continental shelf habitats six new species are described: Iphimedia beesleyae; I. filmersankeyi; I. kateae; I. lisae; I. neuweileri and I. oetkeri. Four established species are redescribed: I. ambigua Haswell, 1879; I. discreta Stebbing, 1910; I. edgari (Moore, 1981) and I. warraina (Thomas and Barnard, 1991). A key to Australian species of Iphimedia is provided. Full article published online at http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/06-09.htm     

Ixodes (Multidentatus) paranaensis n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) a parasite of Streptoprocne biscutata (Sclater 1865) (Apodiformes: Apodidae) birds in Brazil

During an ecological study, carried out between 1994 and 1996 with Streptoprocne biscutata (Sclater) (Apodiformes: Apodidae) birds, that inhabit caves in the Quatro Barras County, State of Paran , Southern Brazil, a new tick species of the subgenus Multidentatus was observed. The female, male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes (Multidentatus) paranaensis n. sp., are described. Of the 12 known species of the subgenus Multidentatus, only I. (M.) auritulus Neumann, 1904 and I. (M.) murreleti Cooley and Kohls, 1945 occur in the Neartic region and only I. (M.) auritulus occurs in the Neotropical region. As such, I. (M.) paranaensis n. sp. increases the number of species and the distribution area of the subgenus Multidentatus in the Americas.     

Vertebrate hosts of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in California.

The western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, is an important parasite and vector of disease agents that affect human and animal health in the western United States. This paper presents a review of all published California host records for I. pacificus. Unpublished data from public health, academic, and vector control agencies and researchers were reviewed as well. Host species were identified for each active life stage (larvae, nymph and adult). A total of 108 vertebrate species in three classes (Mammalia, Aves, and Reptilia) were identified as hosts for at least one life stage of I. pacificus. Adult I. pacificus were recorded from 29 species of mammals, 2 species of birds, and 1 reptile species. Nymphal I. pacificus were recorded from 30 species of mammals, 38 species of birds, and 8 reptile species. Larval I. pacificus were recorded from 29 species of mammals, 43 species of birds, and 8 species of reptiles. A table depicting the taxonomic classification of host species is provided. This review adds eight new host records to the California list of recognized vertebrate host species for I. pacificus.     

A Taxonomic Revision of Illiberis Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae) in Korea

The Korean species of Illiberis Walker are revised. A total of 10 species are recognized, including four species new to Korea: I. rotundata Jordan, I. psychina (OberthÜr), I. consimilis Leech, and I. hyalina (Staudinger). The identities of I. cybele Leech and I. assimilis Jordan, the two ambiguously defined Korean species, are reconfirmed with the examination of type specimens and additional materials. Photos of the adults and type materials are provided, and male and female genitalia of each species are illustrated. Biology and distribution for each species are briefly discussed with the larval host records from Korea.     

Systematics and evolution of Iolania (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from Hawai'i

Abstract.  Within the planthopper taxon Cixiidae, which is distributed worldwide, only two lineages have colonized the Hawaiian Islands: Iolania Kirkaldy, 1902, and Oliarus Stål, 1862 , and subsequently given rise to endemic species. Neither radiation has been studied in depth hitherto. Here the degree of speciation within Iolania is assessed and a taxonomic revision including a key to the species based on the male genitalic characters is provided. Six endemic species are recognized: I. perkinsi Kirkaldy, I. koolauensis Giffard, I. oahuensis Giffard, I. lanaiensis Giffard, I. mauiensis Giffard and I. kraussohana sp.n. A lectotype is designated for the type-species I. perkinsi Kirkaldy, and I. perkinsi notata Kirkaldy is interpreted as an invalid name. Morphological arguments for the monophyly of Iolania and phylogenetic relationships among the species are discussed. A plausible scenario for the sequence of speciation events and history of colonization within the Hawaiian Islands is attempted. Combined information from taxon- and area-cladograms suggests progressive inter-island dispersal from older to younger islands in the Hawaiian chain as the major pattern of colonization and speciation.     

Neottialges (Pelecanectes) ibisicola sp. n. (Acari: Hypoderidae) from the subcutaneous tissues of the white-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (Ciconiiformes: Threskiornithidae)

Neottialges (Pelecanectes) ibisicola sp. n. is described from the subcutaneous tissues of the White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, from west Texas. The new species is similar to N. (P.) plegadicola Fain, but differs from this and other species of the subgenus by idiosomal chaetotaxy, presence of a bifurcate apical extension on Tarsus III, solenidion phi on Tibia I less than 1/2 as long in the new species, lateroventral seta of Tibia I whiplike, structure of the genital sclerite and suckers, and presence of punctations on the dorsal idiosoma. The morphology and host-parasite relationships of the new species are compared with those of related species of hypopi from the host family Threskiornithidae.     

Hybridization between Ischnura graellsii (Vander Linder) and 2. elegans (Rambur) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae): are they different species?

Two closely related damselflies, Ischnura graellsii and I. elegans , were analysed for morphological differences and reproductive isolation in the north coast of Galicia (NW Spain). We compared animals from sympatric and allopatric localities, including I. elegans from Belgium and I. graellsii from southern Spain as pure allopatric populations. A set of morphometric characters were studied by means of multivariate discriminant analysis to determine if these two species can be unambiguously distinguished. Discriminant analysis revealed that I. graellsii and I. elegans are well differentiated on the first two axis (86% and 11%, respectively). I. graellsii individuals are distinguished from I. elegans by their smaller size and, specifically, by their narrower and shorter wings and shorter tibiae. In addition, I. elegans has a narrower space between the branches of each cercus, and greater distance between the branches of each paraproct. Sympatric individuals are morphologically intermediate, suggesting hybridization. When the species were put together in the laboratory, they showed partial temporal separation in mating behaviour, but males of I. elegans readily mated with females of I. graellsii , and hybrid individuals were obtained. The opposite heterospecific cross was almost impossible, apparently because of mechanical problems with the tandem linkage. Laboratory-reared hybrids (from male I. elegans × female I. graellsii ) are morphologically intermediate, mainly resembling the maternal phenotype. Although hybridization between both taxa is common, we suggest maintaining the specific status for both phenotypes because they show incipient reproductive isolation, as it is reported in the literature. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 76 , 225–235.     

Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Peter I Island (Southern Ocean, Antarctica)

Twenty-three species of benthic hydroids, belonging to eight families and 13 genera, were found in a hydroid collection from Peter I Island, collected during both the Bentart 2003 and Bentart 2006 Spanish expeditions with BIO Hespérides in 2003 and 2006. Fourteen out of the 23 species constitute new records for Peter I Island, raising the total number of known species in the area to 30, as also do seven out of the 13 genera. The majority of the species are members of the subclass Leptothecata; the subclass Anthoathecata being scarcely represented. Sertulariidae is the family with the greatest number of species in the collection, with eight species (35%), followed by Lafoeidae with five (22%). Symplectoscyphus with four species (17%) and both Antarctoscyphus and Halecium with three (13%), including H. frigidum sp. nov., were the most diverse genera. Twenty species (ca. 77%) are endemic to Antarctic waters, either with a circum-Antarctic (11 species, ca. 42%) or West Antarctic (9 species, ca. 35%) distribution. Twenty-four (ca. 92%) are restricted to Antarctic or Antarctic/sub-Antarctic waters; only two species have a wider distribution. Peter I Island hydroid fauna is composed of typical representatives of the Antarctic benthic hydroid fauna, though it is characterized by the low representation of some of the most diverse and widespread Antarctic genera (Schizotricha and Staurotheca).     

Proton-NMR study of the interaction of trans-dichloro-diamine-platinum(II) with poly(I) and poly(I).poly(C)

The fixation of trans-(NH₃)₂Cl₂ Pt(II) to poly(I)·poly(C) at low r_b (< 0.05) leads to the formation of two complexed species. The major species (ca. 82% of bound platinum) involves coordination of platinum to a single hypoxanthine base, while the other species involves coordination of two hypoxanthine bases, which are either far apart on the same strand or on separate poly(I) strands, to the platinum. These same two species are found after reaction with poly(I), as are two other species throughout the entire r_b range studied (r_b = 0–0.30). The latter two species are assigned to trans-Pt bound to two bases on a poly(I) strand with (a) one or (b) two free bases between the two bound bases. These two species, (a) and (b), account for ca. 35% of the bound platinum, although the 1:1 species remains dominant (ca. 55%). These two additional species are observed at high r_b (>0.075) after reaction with poly(I)·poly(C) but as very minor species. They are formed by reaction with melted poly(I) loops. Also at high r_b, we have observed a shifted cytidine H⁵ resonance arising from interaction of trans-Pt with a melted loop of poly(C). Most probably, this arises from an intramolecular poly(I) to poly(C) crosslink. Results from the reaction of trans-Pt with poly(C) are presented for comparison.     

Population dynamics of Thecodiplosis japonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) under influence of parasitism by Inostemma matsutama and Inostemma seoulis (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

To understand influence of two species of parasitoids on host population dynamics, adult population dynamics of pine needle gall midge (PNGM), Thecodiplosis japonensis and two species of parasitoids, Inostemma matsutama and Inostemma seoulis were observed using emergence traps from 1986 to 2005. Density of PNGM decreased after outbreaks in 1986 and 1987 and showed density-dependent regulation. Relationships between density of PNGM and its parasitoids were linear except the period of outbreak regardless of parasitoids species. Relationships between host density and parasitism of I. matsutama and I. seoulis were density-independent and inverse density-dependent, respectively. I. seoulis was the dominant parasitoid against PNGM. Interspecific competition between two parasitoids was not strong and temporal niche segregation between two parasitoids was a possible mechanism for coexistence of two parasitoids. The parasitoid complex responded to changes in host density more sensitively than single parasitoid species. These results suggested that two parasitoid can stabilize PNGM population density without strong negative effects on each species of parasitoids.     

Cyclic CO(2) release in Cryptotermes cavifrons Banks, Incisitermes tabogae (Snyder) and I. minor (Hagen) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae).

CO(2) release patterns of three drywood termite species were investigated using flow-through respirometry techniques. Eight hours of real-time CO(2) release data were recorded for pseudergates of Cryptotermes cavifrons Banks, Incisitermes minor (Hagen), and I. tabogae (Snyder) at 20-40 degrees C. Cyclic release of CO(2) was observed in 20-90% of C. cavifrons, 70-100% of I. tabogae, and 87-100% of I. minor pseudergates. Variability of the recordings (calculated as the coefficient of variability or CV) was used to estimate the level of cycling in each recording. CV ranged from 14.53+/-2.57 (40 degrees C) to 32.33+/-1.12% (30 degrees C) in C. cavifrons, 20.24+/-2.44 (35 degrees C) to 67.3+/-10.3% (20 degrees C) in I. minor, and 15.9+/-1.46 (35 degrees C) to 34.15+/-6.18% (20 degrees C) in I. tabogae. The relationship between temperature and CV for each species was modeled using non-linear regression. CV of both Incisitermes spp. decreased exponentially with temperature, while C. cavifrons CV followed a Gaussian model, indicating an optimal cycling temperature of approximately 30 degrees C. Mean V.CO(2) values were determined for each species as a function of temperature, and ranged from 0.1 ml CO(2) g(-1) h(-1) (I. minor at 20 degrees C) to 0.8 ml CO(2) g(-1) h(-1) (C. cavifrons at 40 degrees C). For all three species, V.CO(2) significantly increased linearly with temperature. Colinearity tests indicated that different models described the V.CO(2) relationship with temperature for both genera. Q(10) values for V.CO(2) over the range of 20-40 degrees C were 1.92 for I. minor, 1.66 for I. tabogae, and 1.62 for C. cavifrons pseudergates.     

An endoparasitic species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) attacking Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

A solitary endoparasitic species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) was reared from pupae of an aphidophagous gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in Japan. The parasitoid was identified as Gastrancistrus fuscicornis Walker, a species that has been recorded from Europe. An unidentified aphid has been proposed as being a host of G. fuscicornis, but the study reported here confirmed that G. fuscicornis is an endoparasitoid of A. aphidimyza. I consider that G. fuscicornis may not be a parasitoid of aphid. I found a nontentorial pit on the head of male and female of G. fuscicornis. According to the definition of the nontentorial pits, the pit found in G. fuscicornis corresponds to the facial pit. This is the first finding of the facial pit in Chalcidoidea. Morphological differences between G. fuscicornis and its allied species are provided.     

A revision of isertia (Isertieae: Rubiaceae)

A revision is presented, of the neotropical genusIsertia Schreber.Cassupa Humb. & Bonpl. is given a new status asIsertia sectionCassupa (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. M. Boom, based on differences in fruit type, number of locules in the ovary, and number of lobes of the stigma. A new combination is made at the species level,I. laevis (Triana) B. M. Boom, and a new species from Panama is described and illustrated,I. scorpioides B. M. Boom. Altogether, fourteen species and one variety are recognized in the genus.     

中国伪带织蛾属二新种记述 (鳞翅目：织蛾科)

 记述了织蛾科Oecophoridae伪带织蛾属Irepacma二新种。茎刺伪带织蛾Iaedeagife ra Wang,Liu et Li,sp.nov.采自四川青城山,与Ipakiensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich相似,但该种爪形突退化,抱器腹呈带状,阳茎端基环侧叶具稠密的刚毛。海 南伪带织蛾Ihainanensis Wang,Liu et Li,sp.nov.采自海南省天池,与Ipi ngensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich近似,但该种雄性抱器背基叶不对称,抱器腹 端部有二突起,雌性囊突的形状不同于后者。文中提供了外生殖器特征图。模式标本分别保 存在南开大学生物系和中国科学院动物研究所。     

Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) and I. nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819): the North American catfishes in Europe

The greater part of the literature on European fishes reports the widespread occurrence of an introduced North American catfish and identifies it as Ictalurus nebulosus. Study of the literature reporting critical determinations and of specimens from Europe and Great Britain reveals the presence of two species, I nebulosus and I melas. These fishes are widely used in experimental studies, usually being obtained through aquarium-fish dealers indirectly from continental Europe. Mostly they are incorrectly identified as I nebulosus. There is reason to believe that I melas is the more commonly imported catfish in Britain; both species occur feral in mainland Europe.     

等齿金小蜂属分类研究(膜翅目:金小蜂科)

研究了金小蜂科,金小蜂亚科等齿金小蜂属Isocyrtus Walker,1833,描述2新种,脊等齿金小蜂I.carinatus sp.nov,和网胸等齿金小蜂I.reticulatus sp.nov。,编制了等齿金小蜂属分种检索表。脊等齿金小蜂I.carinatus sp.nov.与I.laetus Walker较相似,与后者的主要区别为：腹柄两侧仅具小突刺,无毛,小背板光滑无刻点;唇基下缘稍凹;触角第6索节长稍大于宽,正模♀,宁夏固原,1984－07－28,廖定熹采,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。网膜等金小蜂I.reticulatus sp.nov与I.carinatus sp.nov.相近,与后者主要区别为：腹柄长为宽的1．6倍,并胸腹节长为小盾片长的2／3,无中脊,触角等4－6索节均方形,唇基下缘明显上凹,正模♀,山西古交,1990－06－14,黄大卫采,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

国产香茶菜属十三个分类群的细胞学研究

对国产11种2变种共16个居群的香茶菜属植物的染色体数目进行了研究。除线纹香茶菜细花变种以外,其它种类的染色体数目均为首次报道。研究结果表明,有12个物种为二倍体,其染色体数目均为2n=24,推测该属植物的染色体基数为x=12。而细锥香茶菜既有染色体数目为2n=24的居群,也存在2n=48的居群,表明该种为二倍体或四倍体,同时2n=48的染色体数目也是香茶菜属内的首次报道。     

Toxic effects of Ag(I) and Hg(II) on Candida albicans and C. maltosa: a flow cytometric evaluation

The effects of Ag(I) and Hg(II) on membrane potential and integrity of cells of Candida albicans and C. maltosa were determined with a flow cytometric procedure that employed an anionic membrane potential-sensitive dye, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, and a membrane integrity indicator, propidium iodide. The membrane potentials of cells of both species were reduced rapidly within 15 min of exposure to Ag(I). No threshold dose for Hg(II) existed, and cells of both species lost membrane potential gradually in Hg(II) solutions. Cells of both species lost membrane integrity more rapidly in Ag(I) solutions than in Hg(II) solutions. In Ag(I) solutions, the decrease in the numbers of cells recoverable in culture occurred at a rate similar to the rate of cell depolarization and membrane permeabilization. In Hg(II) solutions, loss of cell recoverability preceded the loss of membrane potential and membrane integrity. C. albicans, in contrast to C. maltosa, showed no loss of membrane integrity after exposure to Hg(II) solutions for 1 h. Different rates of binding of Ag(I) and Hg(II) between the two species suggest that the two ions target different primary sites.     

中国伪带织蛾属二新种记述(鳞翅目：织蛾科)

记述了织蛾科Oecophoridae伪带织蛾属Irepacma二新种。茎刺伪带织蛾I. aedeagifera Wang, Liu et Li, sp. nov. 采自四川青城山,与I. pakiensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich相似,但该种爪形突退化,抱器腹呈带状,阳茎端基环侧叶具稠密的刚毛。海南伪带织蛾I. hainanensis Wang,Liu et Li, sp. nov.采自海南省天池,与I. pingensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich近似,但该种雄性抱器背基叶不对称,抱器腹端部有二突起,雌性囊突的形状不同于后者。文中提供了外生殖器特征图。模式标本分别保存在南开大学生物系和中国科学院动物研究所。