典型林区水分氢氧稳定同位素在土壤-植物-大气连续体中的分布特征

土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)中水循环是水文学和生态学研究的重要内容,氢氧稳定同位素在不同水体中组成特征的差异可以指示水分循环过程.本研究通过分析成都平原区亚热带常绿阔叶林中降水、土壤水、植物水的同位素组成,探讨SPAC系统中水分的氢氧稳定同位素演化特征,揭示区域水循环不同界面过程.结果 表明:研究区雨季大气降水线...     

Temporal dynamics of the carbon isotope composition in a Pinus sylvestris stand: from newly assimilated organic carbon to respired carbon dioxide

The (13)C isotopic signature (C stable isotope ratio; delta(13)C) of CO(2) respired from forest ecosystems and their particular compartments are known to be influenced by temporal changes in environmental conditions affecting C isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. Whereas most studies have assessed temporal variation in delta(13)C of ecosystem-respired CO(2) on a day-to-day scale, not much information is available on its diel dynamics. We investigated environmental and physiological controls over potential temporal changes in delta(13)C of respired CO(2) by following the short-term dynamics of the (13)C signature from newly assimilated organic matter pools in the needles, via phloem-transported organic matter in twigs and trunks, to trunk-, soil- and ecosystem-respired CO(2). We found a strong 24-h periodicity in delta(13)C of organic matter in leaf and twig phloem sap, which was strongly dampened as carbohydrates were transported down the trunk. Periodicity reappeared in the delta(13)C of trunk-respired CO(2), which seemed to originate from apparent respiratory fractionation rather than from changes in delta(13)C of the organic substrate. The diel patterns of delta(13)C in soil-respired CO(2) are partly explained by soil temperature and moisture and are probably due to changes in the relative contribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic CO(2) fluxes to total soil efflux in response to environmental conditions. Our study shows that direct relations between delta(13)C of recent assimilates and respired CO(2) may not be present on a diel time scale, and other factors lead to short-term variations in delta(13)C of ecosystem-emitted CO(2). On the one hand, these variations complicate ecosystem CO(2) flux partitioning, but on the other hand they provide new insights into metabolic processes underlying respiratory CO(2) emission.     

Use of stable isotopes to quantify nitrogen, potassium and magnesium dynamics in young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Two-yr-old Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) seedlings were grown in sand culture for 1 yr with a generous supply of a balanced nutrient solution. Trees were repotted into clean sand in February 1998 and given either a reduced or adequate nutrient supply containing enriched ¹⁵N, ⁴¹K and ²⁶Mg to label nutrient uptake during spring 1998. Trees doubled their biomass during the experiment. Whole-tree net photosynthesis was reduced by 43% after 95 d in trees that received the lower nutrient supply ( P < 0.001), although differences in biomass between the two treatments were less pronounced. Remobilization contributed 83, 82 and 52% of the N, K and Mg, respectively, used to support growth of new tissues in trees that received reduced nutrient supply. Those receiving the higher nutrient supply still obtained 44–59% of nutrients used for spring growth of new tissues from remobilization. Current nutrient supply had no significant effect on the amount of N or Mg remobilized to new tissues but K remobilization was less in trees that received the lower nutrient supply ( P = 0.025). The importance of remobilization in young trees and problems associated with quantifying internal cycling of nutrients are discussed.     

北京山区侧柏-荆条系统水分来源对降雨事件的响应

分析了北京鹫峰山区侧柏、荆条枝条水及其潜在水分来源的氢氧同位素特征,运用IsoSource模型解析侧柏、荆条系统水分利用来源的季节变化及其对降雨事件的响应.结果表明:旱季初期(4月)研究区0～20 cm土层富集土壤水¹⁸O值,20 cm以下该值则随着土层深度增加逐渐减小,侧柏主要利用前2～3 d降雨补充的0～30 cm层土壤水;旱季末期(6月)侧柏和荆条分别利用当天雨水补充的0～10和10～30 cm层土壤水;雨季(7月)侧柏利用前期降水补给的0～40 cm层土壤水(59.3%)和近期降水(12.5%),荆条则利用近期降雨供给的0～30 cm层土壤水;侧柏的土壤水分来源逐月加深,至生长季末(11月)其主要利用60～80 cm层土壤水(前2～3 d降雨补给),而荆条枝条水δ¹⁸O值远离各水分来源δ¹⁸O值.两物种对水分的竞争压力小,适应本区域气候特征,尤其在应对特大暴雨等极端天气时,植物系统垂直分布的水分来源能够有效分流洪峰,减小暴雨瞬时破坏力.