铜锌超氧物歧化酶与过氧化氢反应中羟自由基的形成

应用脱氧核糖降解法研究了离体条件下Cu,Zn-SOD与H2O2反应产生·OH,并对其机理进行了探讨。H2O2可使Cu,Zn-SOD失活,在失活过程中有·OH产生,甲酸钠和苯甲酸钠均能不同程度地保护Cu,Zn-SOD和降低H2O2与Cu,Zn-SOD反应中·OH的产额;热失活SOD也可和H2O2反应生成·OH,且效能高于活性Cu,Zn-SOD;用螫合剂脱去Cu,Zn-SOD的金属辅基后,脱辅基的SOD蛋白不能和H2O2反应产生·OH;Cu2＋和H2O2反应产生·OH的效率很高,而Zn2＋产生·OH的效率很低。实验结果提示Cu,Zn－SOD与H2O2反应产生的·OH可能是SOD活性中心的Cu2＋与H2O2发生Fenton反应的结果．     

铜、锌对水稻幼苗生长及超氧物歧化酶的影响

用缺Cu或Zn,与缺Cu、Zn的木村B营养溶液培养杂交水稻威优48(V_(48)),威优49(V_(49))与常规稻竹系26(ZX_(26))幼苗至七叶期。缺Cu的稻苗,上部新生叶(六、七叶)先端扭曲,叶尖枯黄。缺Zn与缺Cu、Zn的稻苗,六、七叶脉间全部褪绿,植株矮小,根系衰退。凡是缺素培养的稻苗,根与叶的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著减弱,叶绿体基粒与间质片层明显减少,缺Cu、Zn的叶绿体还出现较大的淀粉“液泡”。经凝胶电泳,显示出水稻SOD有4组活性带,缺Cu或Zn与缺Cu、Zn使迁移率较高的3组活性带的活性明显减弱。     

白及块茎铜,锌超氧物歧化酶的纯化及其性质

白及（Ｂｌｅｉｌｌａｓｔｒｉａｔａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｒｅｉｃｈｂ．ｆ．）的ＳＯＤ同工酶只有一条较宽的谱带,确认为Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ。其块茎ＳＯＤ总活性和比活性都高,且含有丰富的白及胶;经丙酮分级沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析分离纯化,获得对ＣＮ￣－敏感的淡兰色Ｃｕ·ＺｎＳｏＤ粉末。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,纯化后的酶与粗酶液的ＳＯＤ区带相对应,且其酶活性染色带与蛋白染色带位置对应,表明已纯化到均一程度。该酶分子量约３３ＫＤ,亚基分子量约为１６．４ＫＤ;紫外光区的吸收峰在２６４．６ｎｍ,等电聚焦电泳呈现一条蛋白区带,ｐＨ值在４．３５左右;该酶在ｐＨ６．０～１０．０,温度在５０℃范围内具稳定性。纯化后的酶为４５６３．２ｕ／ｍｇ·蛋白,纯化了５１倍,活力回收为２２．３％。上述酶没有过氧化氢酶活性。提取过程中还得到高质量的副产品白及胶。     

蚕豆种子超氧物歧化酶的纯化及性质

蚕豆种子粗提液经乙醇－氯仿混合物处理、丙酮沉淀、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素层析和Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ层析,获得比活性为２８５２单位ｍｇ－１蛋白的超氧物歧化酶．经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证明酶已纯化到均一程度．该酶对ＫＣＮ和Ｈ２Ｏ２敏感,说明它为Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ．酶分子量和亚基分子量分别为３１０００和１４４００,说明它是由两个相同亚基组成。该酶在７０℃以下和在ｐＨ５—９条件下稳定．紫外区最大吸收峰为２７３．５ｎｍ。     

酵母超氧物歧化酶高产菌的选育

采用常规筛选方法从300多株不同种属的酵母菌中筛选到两株细胞生物量和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)含量都较高的菌株(酿酒酵母,编号为Y-8和Y一111)作为实验出发菌.经单倍体分离、N-甲基-N-亚硝基-N’-硝基胍(MNNG)诱变和群体杂交等手段,从中选育出一株细胞生物量略高于实验出发菌、超氧物歧化酶高达1350U/g湿菌体的SOD高产菌株(编号为ZDF-48),它的SOD产量分别为实验出发菌株Y-8和Y-111的2.2 倍和2.4倍.经分离纯化后蛋白含量及超氧物歧化酶活性测定等研究,证明我们选育出的ZDF-48是一株生产超氧物歧化酶的优良品系.     

莲子超氧物歧化酶的特性分析

比较了莲子、豇豆、绿豆、玉米、花生、菜心等6种植物种子的胚或胚轴超氧物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和热稳定性,其中莲子胚轴中SOD活性及耐热性最高。莲子胚轴粗提液中的SOD有Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD两种类型,而Fe-SOD耐高温。经100℃处理、硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素柱层析,获得纯化的耐热性强的超氧物歧化酶。纯化酶对KCN不敏感,活性受H     

超氧物歧化酶（SOD）与柳树分布相关性的研究

在研究红松苗越冬伤害原因时,发现超氧物歧化酶(SOD),在防止针叶越冬伤害中起着重要作用。75%术条遮荫,可安全越冬的红松苗针叶,早春仍保持较强的活性,脂质过氧化产物积累较少。而暴露于全光下,则终于发生不可逆伤害,红松苗针叶SOD活性低而脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛)积累较多。并且暴露在全光下不出现伤害的红松大树针叶,酶活性也高于幼苗。此外,关于SOD对植物在低温、干旱、日灼、臭氧、大气污染(SO_2)等逆境中的抗性作用,也已有不少报道。日本学者曾     

用ESR技术研究含硒蛋白抗羟基自由基作用的活性

用ＥＳＲ技术研究含硒蛋白抗羟基自由基作用的活性。与ＳＯＤ、茶多酚相比较,含硒蛋白对羟基自由基的清除也有显著作用。找到了一种有实用价值,天然无毒,抗羟基自由基的新资源。     

羟自由基对心肌线粒体膜的影响及硒的效应

由Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＦｅＳＯ４体系产生的羟自由基（ＯＨ·）作用于大鼠心肌线粒体后,其膜脂双层内产生了脂类自由基。在观测时间内,其脂类自由基与自旋捕捉剂形成的自旋加合物的电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）信号强度随着孵育时间的延长而加强。一定浓度的硒代蛋氨酸（Ｓｅ—Ｍｅｔ）或Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可明显清除ＯＨ·并抑制脂类自由基的产生。在ＯＨ·的影响下,荧光探针ＤＰＨ在心肌线体膜脂中的荧光寿命和膜脂流动性的测试结果发生了明显变化。与此同时,心肌线粒体膜的能量转换过程（氧化磷酸化效率和呼吸控制率）也发生了显著的改变。１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｓｅ—Ｍｅｔ或２．３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可明显拮抗ＯＨ·的上述影响。前者的作用更为显著。     

羟自由基对人红细胞磷脂酰乙醇胺脂质体相变性质的影响

研究了过氧化氢与亚铁离子体系产生的羟自由基对人红细胞膜磷脂酸乙醇胺(PE)脂质体相变性质的影响.结果表明,羟自由基导致脂质体不饱和脂肪酸链的含量明显降低和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,同时其膜流动性随之下降.在室温下,羟自由基诱使PF脂质体冰冻断裂面出现脂质颗粒,说明羟自由基通过脂质过氧化作用可促进PE脂质体从脂双层转变为非双层结构.     

羟自由基对人红细胞磷脂酰乙醇胺脂质体相变性质的影响

研究了过氧化氢与亚铁离子体系产生的羟自由基对人红细胞膜磷脂酸乙醇胺(PE)脂质体相变性质的影响.结果表明,羟自由基导致脂质体不饱和脂肪酸链的含量明显降低和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,同时其膜流动性随之下降.在室温下,羟自由基诱使PF脂质体冰冻断裂面出现脂质颗粒,说明羟自由基通过脂质过氧化作用可促进PE脂质体从脂双层转变为非双层结构.     

酵母菌中超氧化物歧化酶的研究

首次提出了用甲苯破壁提取酵母菌中SOD的方法,此法提取SOD的含量分别为氯仿-乙醇法、酶裂解法和细胞自溶法的1.29、1.08和2.01倍.通过对5种酵母菌的测定,发现酵母菌对氧的抗性与其SOD含量密切相关;同时对一株SOD含量较高的卡尔酵母(Saccharomyces carlsbergensis)BY2菌株进行了营养和培养条件的研究,结果表明它们对该菌株SOD含量和SOD同功酶的影响较大.     

Commentary: The Role of Iron-Sulfur Clusters in in vivo Hydroxyl Radical Production

The in vivo production of HO- requires iron ions, H₂O₂ and O₂- or other oxidants but probably does not occur through the Haber-Weiss reaction. Instead oxidants, such as O₂-, increase free iron by releasing Fe(II) from the iron-sulfur clusters of dehydratases and by interfering with the iron-sulfur clusters reassembly. Fe(II) then reduces H₂O₂, and in turn Fe(III) and the oxidized cluster are re-reduced by cellular reductants such as NADPH and glutathione. In this way, SOD cooperates with cellular reductants in keeping the iron-sulfur clusters intact and the rate of HO- production to a minimum.

O₂- and other oxidants can release iron from Fe(II)-containing enzymes as well as copper from thionein. The released Fe(III) and Cu(II) are then reduced to Fe(II) and Cu(I) and can then participate in the Fenton reaction.

In mammalian cells oxidants are able to convert cytosolic aconitase into active IRE-BP, which increases the “free” iron concentration intracellularly both by decreasing the biosynthesis of ferritin and increasing biosynthesis of transferrin receptors.

The biological role of the soxRS regulon of Escherichia coli, which is involved in the adaptation toward oxidative stress, is presumably to counteract the oxidative inactivation of the iron clusters and the subsequent release of iron with consequent increased rate of production of HO.     

木脂素类化合物的SOD活性研究

超氧化物歧化酶,是生物体内对超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)的最有效的清除剂,但由于SOD分子量大,体内代谢速度快,作为外源性药物有其不足之处。从中草药中寻找具SOD活性的有效成分,更好发掘天然药物的研究。从地血香分离出四种联苯环烯木脂素类化合物,进行了SOD活性研究。实验证明四种化合物的SOD活性不同,分别测定了它们对O_2~-的清除率和抑制率。     

Hydroxyl radical formation via iron-mediated Fenton chemistry is inhibited by methylated catechols

The differing effects of O-methylated catecholamines and their dihydroxyphenyl precursors on the production of ^?OH were quantified using a previously established specific salicylate hydroxylation assay in conjunction with a sensitive electrochemical detection system. The production of ^?OH by the Fenton reaction was diminished significantly by O-methylated catecholamines (O-methyldopa, O-methyldopamine, O-methyltyrosine, and N-acetyl-O-methyldopamine), whereas radical production was augmented by dihydroxyphenyls (DOPA, dopamine, and N-acetyldopamine), including those with methylated side chains (N-methyldopamine and α-methyldopa). Monohydroxyphenyls such as octopamine, tyramine, tyrosine, and α-methyltyrosine had little or no effect on radical production. These data show that a methyl group positioned on the side chain of a catecholamine does not alter its pro-oxidant behavior, while a methyl group positioned on the aromatic ring renders the catecholamine sterically or kinetically unfavorable for coordination with transition metals, thus preventing the promotion of Fenton chemistry. These results highlight the importance of O-methylation in forming catechols that are less reactive than their dihydroxyphenyl precursors. Thus, factors regulating the methylation of brain catecholamines may play a crucial role in mediating neuronal integrity during aging and in the pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative disorders. Competitive side-chain methylation reactions may sustain or perpetuate some dihydroxyphenyls, creating an oxidatively less favorable environment for cells than would result from compounds formed by O-methylation.