马齿苋,金银药提取液对绿脓杆菌PA11株R质粒体内消除作用的比较

制备肠道去污染小鼠动物模型,经口感染绿脓杆菌ＰＡ１１,同时口饲马齿苋提取液或金银花提取液２ｍｇ／只,２４ｈ、４８ｈ后给予同样药物计量。分离单个菌落,影印培养,计数消除子。结果显示：两种药作用２４ｈ均／未获得消除子,作用４８ｈ和７２ｈＲ质粒平均消除马齿苋为２．１５％、金银花为１２．２５％。消除子均表现为多重耐药性丢失。     

五倍子对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒消除作用的实验研究

探讨中药五倍子提取液对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒的消除作用。对老年呼吸系统感染患者痰中分离的铜绿假单胞菌R质粒进行了检测 ,并选用中药五倍子提取液对该质粒进行了体外体内消除试验。结果可见 ,体外药物作用 2 4 ,4 8,72hR质粒消除率分别为 0 ,10 .2 % ,3.4 % ,SDS对照组分别为 0 ,0 .8% ,1.6 %。体内药物作用 2 4 ,4 8,72h ,R质粒消除率分别为 0 ,2 % ,13.6 % ,对照组均为 0。可见 ,中药五倍子提取液对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒在体外、体内均具有消除作用 ,体内消除作用强于体外。     

杠柳根皮乙醇提取液对蔬菜害虫小菜蛾的生物活性

采用95%乙醇对杠柳(Periploca sepium Bunge)根皮进行热提取,以叶片浸渍法和点滴法测定了提取液对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)的杀虫活性及其作用方式.结果显示,杠柳乙醇提取液稀释100倍处理对小菜蛾3龄和4龄幼虫24 h后的非选择性拒食率分别为87.3%和96.3%;100倍液浸叶饲喂处理对小菜蛾2龄幼虫72 h后的校正死亡率为80%,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24 h和48 h后的生长抑制率为100%.杠柳乙醇提取液对小菜蛾幼虫具有较高的生物活性,其作用方式包括拒食作用、胃毒作用和生长抑制作用.此外,乙醇提取液对小菜蛾幼虫还有一定的触杀和内吸效应,并对小菜蛾成虫产卵有明显的忌避活性,但对小菜蛾卵没有杀伤作用.     

几种药用植物总多酚含量及其抗氧化活性比较

测定了5种药用植物的总多酚含量,对提取液的抗氧化活性和自由基清除能力进行了比较。结果表明:金银花的总多酚含量最高为0.085 8 mg/mL,5种药用植物多酚化合物浓度顺序为:金银花连翘茵陈海金沙过路黄。海金沙多酚提取液的抗氧化活性最强,60℃反应7h,在芝麻油和膏霜化妆品中添加海金沙总多酚提取液,其过氧化值比添加BHT分别低18.27%和15.89%,比不加抗氧剂分别低20.85%和17.97%。连翘的羟基自由基清除率最大,是BHT的2.99倍。     

以沙苑子苷为对照品测定沙苑子总黄酮含量

目的 :以沙苑子苷为对照品测定沙苑子总黄酮含量。方法 :80 %乙醇提取液 ,2 6 6nm测定紫外吸收度。结果 :总黄酮含量为 2 1.5mg/g ,RSD =1.0 0 % ;回收率 95 .4 % ,RSD =2 .2 7% ,线性范围 4～ 2 4ug/ml。结论 :本法测定沙苑子总黄酮含量 ,操作简便 ,稳定性好 ,可用于沙苑子的质量控制。     

马齿苋干粉提取物对棉蚜的毒杀和拒食活性

采用9种极性不同的溶剂利用冷浸法从马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)干粉中制备提取物,测定了其对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)的毒杀和拒食活性.浸渍法实验结果表明,处理24h后,马齿苋甲醇提取物对棉蚜的毒杀活性最高,LC50为6.63 mg·Ml-1(以干粉计,下同);二氯甲烷提取物在质量浓度为100mg·Ml-1时对棉蚜的拒食率最高,达83.03%.处理48 h后,丙酮提取物对棉蚜的毒杀活性最高,LC50为1.88mg·Ml-1;二氯甲烷提取物在质量浓度为100mg·Ml-1时拒食率仍表现为最高,达83.97%.在质量浓度为25mg·Ml-1时,以石油醚提取物的拒食率最高,处理24和48 h对棉蚜的拒食率分别达到71.25%和81.20%.     

竹提取物对棉铃虫幼虫及菜青虫的拒食活性

研究结果表明 ,质量浓度为 1 0g L的 1 0种供试竹提取物对棉Helicoverpaarmigera铃虫均具有较强的拒食作用 ,1 2h拒食率最高达 95 . 0 3 % ,最低为 74. 0 7% ,其中毛金竹 (Phyllostachysnigravar.henonis)、白纹短穗竹 (Brachystachyumalbostriatum)提取物对棉铃虫 3龄幼虫的AFC50 (拒食中浓度 )分别为 2 . 0g L、2. 7g L ,但 2 4h、48h拒食率均明显下降。对菜青虫 3龄pierisrapae幼虫的拒食效果以凤凰竹 (Bambusamultiplex)提取物最好 ,2 4h拒食率为 71. 69% ;对 4龄菜青虫的拒食效果以毛金竹提取物最好 ,拒食率为71 . 45 % ,其中毛金竹、白纹短穗竹 2种竹提取物对菜青虫 3龄幼虫的AFC50 分别为 2 .68g L和 3 . 3 7g L。研究结果对于开发环境友好农药以及充分利用竹类资源均具有重要意义。     

10种植物乙醇提取物对金银花蚜虫的生物活性研究

采用微量滴定法测定了10种植物乙醇提取物对金银花蚜虫的生物活性.结果表明,10种植物乙醇提取物对金银花蚜虫均有一定的驱避活性和毒杀作用.在10 mg/mL的浓度下,臭椿、曼陀罗和桂花的提取物对金银花蚜虫的驱避作用较强,其在12 h的驱避率分别为78.74％、77.54％、75.11％;夏枯草提取物的驱避效果最弱,12 h的驱避率为58.53％.随着处理时间的延长,各植物提取物的驱避效果均呈下降趋势;印楝提取物的毒杀活性最强,72 h后的校正死亡率达68.30％;曼陀罗和苦瓜的作用次之,72 h后的校正死亡率分别为66.41％和63.70％;夏枯草提取物的作用最低,72 h后的校正死亡率仅为26.47％.进一步的毒力分析表明,印楝提取物对金银花蚜虫的毒力较强,24h的Lc.值为11.0836 mg,/mL.     

马齿苋提取物制备工艺、安全性及抗敏功效的研究

以透明质酸酶抑制率为考察指标,通过正交实验,确定了最佳醇提工艺:乙醇浓度为75%(体积分数),料液比1∶10,提取温度60℃,提取时间1 h,提取液过滤脱色浓缩冷冻干燥后,得到马齿苋醇提物。同浓度下的马齿苋醇提物的透明质酸酶抑制率远高于水提物,红细胞溶血实验说明马齿苋水提物和醇提物的刺激性低,安全性高。人体斑贴实验表明,马齿苋醇提物能减轻或抑制常见致敏源对皮肤的刺激作用,减弱皮肤炎症反应,增强皮肤的屏障功能。     

5种常见中草药的抑菌性研究

采用平板打孔法对五倍子、金银花、大青叶、穿心莲、蒲公英这5种常见中草药进行抑菌试验,并测定其MIC(最低抑菌浓度)及抑菌时间。研究结果表明:5种中草药提取液对Bacillussubtilis抑菌效果普遍较好,五倍子、金银花、大青叶对Escherichiacoli抑菌效果较好;五倍子提取液药效时间较长,而其他中草药抑菌时间较短。     

Evaluation of the bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucaria for weed control in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

An isolate of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria was evaluated for its biocontrol potential against common purslane, horse purslane, spotted spurge, and prostrate spurge, all serious weed pests in commercial tomato fields in the southeastern US. In greenhouse and field tests, M. verrucaria was highly virulent against these weeds when applied as conidial sprays formulated in 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant, even in the absence of dew. In field test plots naturally infested with these weeds, seedlings in the two-to-three leaf growth stage treated with M. verrucaria at 2×10⁷ conidia mL^-1 in 0.2% Silwet, exhibited leaf and stem necrosis within 24 h following inoculation, with mortality occurring within 96 h. After 7 days, M. verrucaria had killed 90-95% of both purslane species and 85-95% of both spurge species. Tomatoes that were transplanted into plots treated with M. verrucaria remained healthy and vigorous throughout the growing season. Since M. verrucaria effectively controlled several common weeds under field conditions, this fungus appears to have potential as an effective bioherbicide for pre-plant weed control in production systems with transplanted tomato.     

脂多糖致急性肺血管内皮屏障功能失调小鼠FLI-1蛋白表达的变化及其意义

目的: 观察感染性急性肺损伤(ALI)肺血管内皮屏障功能失调小鼠肺组织中弗里德白血病病毒插入位点1(FLI-1)蛋白表达的变化,以探讨FLI-1在感染性ALI肺血管内皮屏障功能失调发生发展中的意义。方法: SPF级雄性ICR小鼠60只,腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS,7.5 mg/kg)复制ALI模型,在给予LPS 0 h、12 h、24 h、48 h后,检测小鼠肺血管内皮屏障通透性和肺湿干重比,ELISA法检测肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-6含量,Western blot法检测肺组织FLI-1和Src酪氨酸激酶(SRC)蛋白的表达。结果: 与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺血管内皮屏障通透性分别升高74.3%和162.4%,而48 h组较24 h组降低27.0%(P均＜0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺湿干重比分别升高50.1%和122.9%,而48 h组较24 h组降低10.7%(P均＜0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h、24 h肺泡灌洗液IL-6和TNF-α含量均显著升高,而48 h肺泡灌洗液IL-6和TNF-α含量较24 h分别下降28.3%和21.6%(P均＜ 0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺组织FLI-1蛋白表达水平分别下调20.4%和56.9%,而48 h组较24 h组上调18.2%(P均＜0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺组织SRC蛋白表达水平分别上调76.8%和176.7%,而48 h组较24 h组下调33.4%(P均＜0.05);肺血管内皮屏障通透性与FLI-1蛋白表达水平呈显著负相关(r= -0.8992,P＜0.01),而与SRC蛋白表达水平呈显著正相关(r=0.8918,P＜0.01),肺组织FLI-1与SRC蛋白表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.8087,P=0.0014)。结论: FLI-1可能参与LPS诱导的急性肺损伤肺血管内皮屏障功能失常过程。     

Effect of nutritional status on insulin sensitivity in vivo and tissue enzyme activities in the rat.

The hyperinsulinaemic-glucose-clamp technique, in combination with measurement of glucose turnover in conscious unrestrained rats, was used to assess the effects of nutritional status on insulin sensitivity in vivo and glucose metabolism. Liver, heart and quadriceps skeletal-muscle glycogen content and activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and glycogen synthase were measured both basally and at the end of a 2.5 h glucose clamp (insulin 85 munits/h) in rats 6, 24 and 48 h after food withdrawal. Clamp glucose requirement and glucose turnover were unchanged by fasting. Activation of glycogen synthase and glycogen deposition in liver and skeletal muscle during the clamps were also not impaired in rats after a prolonged fast. By contrast with skeletal muscle, activation of cardiac-muscle glycogen synthase and glycogen deposition during the clamps were markedly impaired by 24 h of fasting and were undetectable at 48 h. Skeletal-muscle PDH activity fell with more prolonged fasting (6 h, 15.3 +/- 3.4%; 24 h, 4.7 +/- 0.7%; 48 h, 4.3 +/- 0.6% active; P less than 0.005), but at 24 and 48 h was stimulated by the clamp to values unchanged by the duration of fasting. Stimulation of cardiac PDH activity by the clamp was, however, impaired in rats fasted for 24 or 48 h. Basal hepatic PDH did not change significantly with fasting (6 h, 5.3 +/- 1.1%; 24 h, 4.6 +/- 0.7%; 48 h, 3.9 +/- 0.5%), and, although it could be partly restored at 24 h, very little stimulation occurred at 48 h. Hepatic pyruvate kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity were both stimulated by the clamps, and this was not impaired with more prolonged fasting. During the glucose clamps, blood concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and alanine were increased to a greater extent in rats fasted for 24 and 48 h than in rats studied 6 h after food withdrawal. The findings suggest that, although sensitivity to insulin of whole-body glucose disposal is unchanged with fasting, there may be qualitative differences in the metabolism of glucose.     

The effect of culture conditions on hydrophobic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) plays an important role in a adhesion of bacteria on solid surfaces. CSH of 62 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from humans and different animals was assessed using the ammonium sulfate salt aggregation test. Bacteria were grown for 24 h and 48 h at a room temperature (22 degrees C) and 37 degrees C on enrichment broth and agar (Biomed) and tryptic soy agar (Difco). The hydrophobic properties of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were depended on the temperature, time of the culture of bacteria and the kind of media. CSH properties were most frequently expressed when the analyzed strains were cultured in enrichment broth. In a such conditions Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were more hydrophobic when grown at 22 degrees C (94% after 24 h and 87% after 48%) than those at 37 degrees C (72% after 24 h and 71% after 48 h). Among strains cultured in tryptic soy agar at 37 degrees C, 48% after 24 h and 75% after 48 h were autoaggregating, representing very strong hydrophobic properties.     

Genetic variability of Polish and Russian accessions of cultivated blue honeysuckle (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lonicera caerulea</Emphasis>)

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification was used to analyze polymorphisms of micro-satellite sequences in the honeysuckle genome and to evaluate genetic diversity among fourteen Polish and Russian blue honeysuckle accessions (Lonicera caerulea var. edulis, L. caerulea no. 7661, L. caerulea no. 7987, Jolanta, Atut, Wojtek, Czarna, Zielona, Dlinnoplodna, Czelabinka, Signoglazka, N1, N2 and A). The plant material was selected from the Department of Pomology, the Dendrological Garden in Rogowo (Poland), and breeder collections. A total of 40 primers, containing different simple sequence repeat motifs, were tested for amplification. Out of the 40 primers, only 11 gave interpretable banding patterns in all blue honeysuckle accessions. A total of 129 ISSR loci were amplified, of which 83 (64%) were polymorphic and 24 (19%) accession-specific. ISSR-PCR with genomic DNA from blue honeysuckle yielded DNA fragments ranging from 260 to 3250 bp in size. UPGMA cluster analysis with bootstrapping (1000 replications) and used to construct a dendrogram and to estimate the genetic distances between Lonicera accessions. The ISSR-based phylogeny was consistent with Lonicera caerulea origin based on morphological and phenological evidence. The phylogenetic relationships based on the accession studies and the breeding usefulness are discussed.     

高压氧对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:观察高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并探讨其作用机制.方法:56只SD大鼠被随机分为三组,假手术组(n=8);I/R组(n=24),夹闭双肾动脉45分钟后恢复血流灌注;I/R+HBO组(n=24),夹闭双肾动脉45分钟并在恢复血流后1h、24 h、48 h行HBO治疗,每次HBO后采血并取双肾,比色法测定血浆尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)值,原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肾小管上皮细胞凋亡情况,实时定量PCR法检测促凋亡基因Bax的mRNA含量.结果:与sham组(BUN值为9.563± 1.384 mmol/L;Cr值为45.912±2.685 mmo1/L,TUNEL值为2.088％)比较,I/R组大鼠再灌注1小时尿素氮(12.5±1.487 mmol/L)和血肌酐水平(51.388±3.092 mmol/L)升高,但差异无统计学意义,而TUNEL阳性细胞数(9.775％)和Bax的mR-NA(3.219± 0.427)表达水平均显著升高(P＜0.05),再灌注24小时及48小时后尿素氮(28.087± 2.012 mmol/L、41.225± 1.397mmol/L)和血肌酐(241.75± 11.853 mmol/L、278.75± 12.578 mmol/L)水平、TUNEL阳性细胞数(12.512％、14.413％)和Bax的mRNA(5.541±0.227、6.407± 0.291)表达水平均显著升高(P＜0.05);而HBO治疗可显著降低再灌注24小时及48小时的大鼠尿素氮(14.15±1.397 mmol/L、25.962± 2.497 mmol/L)和血肌酐(146.375± 8.782 mmolL、210.125± 11.519 mmol/L)水平(P＜0.05),但仍显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05).结论:HBO治疗可以改善I/R后肾功能,其作用机制可能与在早期明显降低Bax的mRNA表达,减轻肾小管上皮细胞凋亡有关.     

Ultra-violet radiation damage to Metarhizium flavoviride conidia and the protection given by vegetable and mineral oils and chemical sunscreens

Metarhizium flavouiride conidia formulated in oil or water were exposed to simulated solar radiation. Radiation below 320 nm killed conidia and caused delays in the germination of survivors; germination was greater after 48 h of incubation than after 24 h. UV exposure of conidia formulated in oil for 2 h reduced germination from 99% to 37.5% after incubation for 48 h. Exposure of conidia in water to UV for 1 h resulted in 4.7% germination after 24 h incubation compared with 36.5% for conidia formulated in oil. The addition of 1% oxybenzone resulted in 81.9% conidial germination after 3 h exposure and 48 h incubation compared with 28.1% in oil without the sunscreen.     

Nano essential oils against the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is the biggest pest of various palm species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the essential oils of purslane, mustard and castor (bulk and nano) on R. ferrugineus and to evaluate the oviposition deterrent effect to prevent new infestations. Prepared concentrations of essential oils (bulk and nano) were tested for their impact on R. ferrugineus larvae, pupae and adults. The most effective oil was purslane oil (bulk and nano), followed by mustard and the least effective was castor. The percent mortality of larvae was 75.2, 45.3 and 17.9% (bulk phase) and 92.5, 84.4 and 65.5% (nano phase) in purslane, mustard and castor, respectively, when treated with the high concentration. The percent mortality of adults was 67.2, 40.0 and 15.6% (bulk phase) and 83.5, 72.9 and 60.0% (nano phase) in purslane, mustard and castor, respectively, when treated with the high concentration. The number of eggs laid decreased with increasing concentration of the tested oils. Purslane essential oil showed good impact on R. ferrugineus larvae and adults followed by mustard and castor oils as bulk and as nano.     

Effect of Co-planted Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) on Cd Accumulation by Sunflower in Different Levels of Cd Contamination and Salinity: A Pot Study

Heavy metal bioaccumulation can be affected by various crop-weed interactions that potentially exist in agroecosystems. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of rhizosphere interaction of sunflower and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) weed on cadmium (Cd) uptake and its allocation to sunflower grains. The experimental treatments consisted of two cropping systems (mono and mixed culture), two adjusted salinity levels (0 and 0.5% NaCl) and three artificial levels of Cd in soil (Control, 3 and 6 mg kg^?1). The results showed that the growth of sunflower in the presence of purslane in comparison to mono culture of sunflower led to change of total Cd content and Cd allocated to grains only in saline conditions. Promoting effects of salinity on Cd concentration of grain were alleviated where sunflower was co-planted with purslane. Besides, supply of Zn in grains of co-planted sunflower was strongly affected by salinity. Results of this study revealed that although co-planted purslane could alter conditions in the shared rhizosphere, it had no effect on enhancing Cd uptake by neighboring sunflower directly.