Annotated chromosome numbers of selected asiaticPotentilla species

Chromosome numbers are reported for 19 collections representing 16 AsiaticPotentilla taxa. The first chromosome records are reported forP. desertorum Bunge var.arnavatensis Wolf (2n=28),P. festiva Soják (2n=28),P. griffithii Hook f. subsp.beauvaisii (Cardot) Soják (2n=42),P. micropetala D. Don subsp.byssitecta (Soják) Měsí?ek etSoják (2n=14),P. mollissima Lehm. (2n=28),P. moorcroftii Wall. exLehm. (2n=42),P. multicaulis Bunge (2n=14),P. [x]omissa Soják (2n=35, 56, 70) andP. stanjukoviczii Ovcz. exKoczk. (2n=14). Counts differing from those previously recorded are given forP. algida Soják (2n=56) andP. flagellaris Willd. exSchlecht. (2n=42). Chromosome numbers of the following species were confirmed:P. [x]agrimonioides Bieb. (2n=42),P. chinensis Ser. in DC. (2n=14),P. fragarioides L. (2n=14),P. lineata Trev. (2n=14) andP. sericea L. (2n=28). Taxonomy is briefly discussed. A new combinationP. micropetala D. Don subsp.byssitecta (Soják) Měsí?ek etSoják stat. nov. is proposed.     

An alternative interpretation ofAustralopithecus afarensis fossil material

Hominoid fossils from Hadar, in Ethiopia and Laetoli, in Tanzania, and dated from the late Pliocene, were described as a new species of hominid, “Australopithecus afarensis,”Johanson, White andCoppens, 1978. A comparative morphological analysis of the lectotype and several paralectotypes reveal that that two taxa were synthesized and that “Australopithecus afarensis” represents a hominid and a pongid. The hominid is relatively unspecialized, and the pongid is remarkably similar toDryopithecus (Sivapithecus) sivalensis (Lydekker), 1879. The pongid is the first anthropoid ape recorded from the late Pliocene in Africa.     

Karyotaxonomische Untersuchungen anPotentilla taurica s.l. in Bulgarie

Several taxa considered by previous authors as intraspecific ofPotentilla taurica s.l. are considered as separate species. A diploid chromosome number 2n=14 and the characteristic chromosomes of karyotypes of 3 Balkan endemicsP. ni?i?i Adam.,P. emilipopii Nyarády andP. pirotensis (Borb.) Mark. are recorded.P. bornmuelleri Borb.,P. mollicrinis (Borb.) Stankov andP. astracanica Jacq. are widespread in South-eastern Europe. Of this groupP. mollicrinis is a diploid (2n=14),P. bornmuelleri is tetraploid and inP. astracanica a polyploid serie of 2x=14, 4x=28, 5x=35 and 6x=42 has been found. The karyotypes of all species are characterized by submetacentric chromosomes.     

Reclassifications and new names for some European Phanerogams

On the basis of taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions of various plant groups 37 new nomenclatural combinations are proposed mostly for European phanerogamous taxa (21 for species, 14 for subspecies, 2 for hybrids.)Medicula Medicus,Pseudofumaria Medicus andThlasidia Rafin. are accepted as taxonomically justified genera and correct generic names.Dactylorhiza longebracteata (F. W. Schmidt)Holub is proposed instead ofD. fuchsii (Druce) Soó, andHylotelephium triphyllum (Haworth) Holub isstead ofH. purpureum (L.)Holub.     

Parasites of bark beetles [Col.: Scolytidae] on pine and cypress in Israel

Ten species of hymenopterous parasites were reared from logs of pine and cypress, naturally infested with 5 species of bark beetles,viz., Orthotomicus erosus Woll.,Pityogenes calcaratus Eichh., andTomicus destruens Woll. — on pine;Phloeosinus armatus Reitt. andP. aubei Perris — on cypress, in Israel. The parasites were:Dendrosoter chaenopachoides Rusch,D. hartigii (Ratz.),D. middendorfi (Ratz.),D. protuberans Nees (Braconidae), Eurytoma morio Boheman (Eurytomidae), Cerocephala eccoptogastri Masi,Heydenia pretiosa F?rster,Metacolus unifasciatus F?rster,Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker andRoptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratz.) (Pteromalidae). The most common wereM. unifasciatus on pine and cypress,D. chaenopachoides andR. xylophagorum on pine, andD. protuberans on cypress, occurring in samples collected during most seasons. Less common wasE. morio, which was reared from both conifers.D. middendorfi was found on pine, and only during winter. The other species were found only occasionally.     

Karyological and taxonomic observations onDracocephalum foetidum Bunge andKoenigia islandica L.

Chromosome numbers are reported for two Mongolian species,Dracocephalum foetidum Bunge (2n=12) andKoenigia islandica L. (2n=14). The relationship ofD. foetidum toD. moldavica L. (2n=10) and some patterns of phenotypic variation inK. islandica are briefly discussed. The following new combinations are proposed:K. cyanadra (Diels) Měsí?ek etSoják,K. forrestii (Diels) Měsí?ek etSoják,K. hubertii (Lingelsh.) Měsí?ek etSoják, andK. nummularifolia (Meisn.) Měsí?ek etSoják.     

Inoceramids from Kreibitz-Zittauer area (Saxony and northern Bohemia): revision ofAndert’s (1911) descriptions

Andert’s (1911) inoceramids (Bivalvia) from the topmost Turonian and Lower and lowermost Middle Coniacian (Cretaceous) of the Kreibitz-Zittauer area (Saxony and northern Bohemia) are revised, partially redescribed and newly illustrated. Ten species are discussed. Of the forms described as new byAndert,Inoceramus weiset is shown to represent deformed representatives ofCremnoceramus crassus (Petrascheck), andI. winkholdioides Andert should probably be synonymized withC. brongniarti (Mantell).Andert’s interpretation ofFlegel’s (1904) species, i.e.I. frechi andI. glaziae, is not correct; the former should be referred toMytiloides scupini (Heinz), while the latter includesC. inconstans (Woods),I. vistulensis Walaszczyk,C. rotundatus (Tröger nonFiege), andM. cf.turonicus Walaszczyk. The speciesI. subquadratus Andert representsC. rotundatus (Tröger nonFiege), and hisI. cuvieri var.planus is referred toC. inconstans (Woods) and toC. cf.transilvanicus (Simionescu). The speciesI. protractus Scupin is referred toC. waltersdorfensis (Andert). The main source localities toAndert (1911), i. e. Sonnenberg near Waltersdorf and “Dachsloch” quarry near Innozenzidorf (Czech: Lesne), are of latest Late Turonian/Early Coniacian (theMytiloides scupini andCremnoceramus rotundatus Zones) and late Early Coniacian (C. deformis- C. crassus Zone) age respectively. The third locality, i. e. railway cutting at Tannenberg station (Czech: Jedlová), is probably or late Early Coniacian or early Middle Coniacian age.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 5.Septonema,Hormiactella andLylea

Three genera of lignicolousHyphomycetes Septonema Corda,Hormiactella Saac. andLylea Morgan-Jones are discussed. Illustrations and determination keys are provided. Five species ofSeptonema—S. fasciculare (Corda) Hughes,S. leptaleum (Ellis & Harkn.) Hughes,S. pinicola Hol.-Jech.,S. secedens Corda andS. laricium Hol.-Jech.—and two species ofHormiactella—H. fusca (Preuss) Sacc. andH. asetosa Hol.-Jech.—have been found in Czechoslovakia. A new speciesS. pseudobinum Hol.-Jech. is described from Romania.Septonema tetracoilum (Corda Hughes is accommodated in the genusLylea Morgan-Jones.     

Chromosome counts of some MongolianPotentilla species

Chromosome numbers are reported for 26 collections representing 12 MongolianPotentilla taxa. The first chromosome records are reported forP.[x]agrimonioides Bieb. (2n = 42, 49–50),P. [x]chionea Soják (2n = 64, 74+1B, 84–86, 86),P. [x]stepposa Soják (2n = 62) andP. supina, L. subsp.costata Soják (2n = 42). Tetraploid and pentaploid populations ofP. sericea L. (2n = 28, 34, 35) and hexaploid populations ofP. omithopoda Tausch (2n = 42) were found in Mongolia. Chromosome numbers of the following species were confirmed:P. longifolia Willd. exSchlecht. (2n = 14),P. multifida L. (2n = 28),P. sanguisorba Willd. exSchlecht. (2n = 28),P. sericea L. (2n = 42),P. supina L. subsp.paradoxa (Nutt.) Soják (2n = 28 China) andP. tanacetifolia Willd. exSchlecht. (2n = 28). Taxonomic observations are briefly discussed.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 6.Spadicoides andDiplococcium

Seventeen species belonging toSpadicoides Hughes andDiplococcium Grove collected in Central Europe mostly in Czechoslovakia are described and illustrated. Two new species are described inSpadicoides—S. carpatica Hol.-Jech.,S. penatium Hol.-Jech. and three new species inDiplococcium—D. bicolor Hol.-Jech.,D. insolitum Hol.-Jech. andD. parcum,Hol.-Jech.     

Potentilla L. sect.Rivales Wolf and related taxa in the Baltic states

Morphological variation ofPotentilla norvegica L.,P. heidenreichii Zimmeter andP. supina L. usually treated within the sectionRivales Wolf,P. recta L. (sect.Rectae Wolf),P. canescens Bess.,P. argentea L. s.l.,P. collina Wibel (sect.Argenteae Wolf) andP. goldbachii Rupr. (sect.Chrysanthae Wolf) was studied using multivariate statistical methods. According to k-means clustering,P. canescens stands closer toP. heidenreichii of the sect.Rivales than toP. argentea. P. collina, the other representative of sect.Argenteae, is not connected withP. canescens at all. Therefore,P. canescens should belong to sect.Rivales and not to sect.Argenteae. InPotentilla argentea s.l.,P. impolita Wahlenb.,P. argentea L. var.argentea, var.decumbens (Jord.)Lehm., var.demissa (Jord.) Lehm., var.grandiceps (Zimmeter) Rouy etE.G. Camus and var.tenerrima (Velen.) Wolf were identified.P. impolita specimens did not cluster out into a separate cluster as didP. collina, P. canescens andP. heidenreichii, but formed mixed clusters with different varieties ofP. argentea s.str. Therefore,P. impolita is not worthy of the rank of species and evidently not even that of subspecies, and should be treated as a variety—P. argentea var.incanescens (Opiz) Focke.     

A revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis (Compositae)

On the basis of allozyme and cultivation data, and of additional herbarium material, a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis A.J. Richards exKirschner et?těpánek is provided. The section is made up of halophilous, sexually reproducing taxa. InT. stenocephalum Boiss. etKotschy,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., andT. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid chromosome number has been recorded, representing the only known case of sexuality at the tetraploid level in the genus. The complex ofT. stenocephalum, includes some geographically and morphologically extreme populations treated as subspecies: subsp.gumusanicum (Soest)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov., subsp.magnum Kirschner et?těpánek, subsp. nov., and subsp.daralagesicum (Schischk.)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov. In addition toT. bessarabicum (Hornem.)Hand.-Mazz., a widely distributed Eurasian species,T. stenocephalum, a complex centred in Transcaucasia and Anatolia, andT. pachypodum H. Lindb., a North African endemic, four new species are described:T. salsum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a diploid endemic confined to E Crimea,T. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid sexual species known only from SW Crimea,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a remarkable tetraploid endemic to the Pindos Mts., Greece, andT. salsitatis Kirschner, ?těpänek etYirdirimli, sp. nov., an Anatolian diploid species. Furthermore, a hybrid betweenT. salsum andT. bessarabicum from Crimea (documented on the basis of allozyme data elsewhere) is given a binomial,T. xmesohalobium Kirschner et?těpánek, nothosp. nov.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 3.Sporoschisma,Sporoschismopsis andCatenularia

The species of three genera—Sporoschisma Berk. etBr.,Sporoschismopsis Hol.-Jech. etHennebert andCatenularia Grove are treated in this paper from Czechoslovakia:Sporoschisma juvenile Boudier,S. mirabile Berk. etBr.,Sporoschismopsis moravica Hol.-Jech. etHennebert andCatenularia cuneiformis (Richon) Mason. The studied fungi produce the conidia in basipetal succession, endogenously or subendogenously, quite internally in large phialides or only inside open swollen collarettes.     

Verbeitung einiger seltenen und subendemischen Arten der griechischen Flora mit taxonomischen und chorologischen Betrachtungen

The taxa very rare in Greece,Gentianella bulgarica (Velen.)J. Holub andPrimula elatior (L.)Hill subsp.intricata (Gren. etGodron)Lüdi Balkan-South Carpathian and mountain subendemic taxon of South and South-Central Europe also the oreophytesGentiana asclepidaea L. andAndrosace villosa L. rare in Greece at high altitudes endemic species of Central Europe and arcto-alpic element both extending South as far as Central Italy and Central Greece as well as the relatively rare species in Greece,Crocus biflorus Mill. which exists in South Europe from Sicily and eastwards and finally four otherIridaceae, i.e.: the South Balkan Asia-Minor subendemic speciesCrocus olivieri Gay andC. pulchellus Herbert, the South Balkan endemic speciesC. veluchensis Herbert and the Mediterranean and mostly East-para-mediterranean subendemic speciesHermodactylus tuberosus (L.)Miller are reported and investigated. However new habitats and records in the Greek area of the investigated species are given, their distribution is discussed, while the existence of the taxa most rare in GreecePrimula elatior (L.)Hill subsp.intricata (Gren. etGodron)Lüdi inHegi,Gentianella bulgarica (Velen.)J. Holub,Gentiana asclepiadea L.,Androsace villosa L. andCrocus biflorus Mill. are presented in the form of a dot map and thus the southernmost limits of their spreading in the Balkan peninsula or in S.E. Europe are elucidated.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 2.Bactrodesmium

Six species of the genusBactrodesmium M. C. Cooke are described in this paper from Czechoslovakia:B. betulicola M.B. Ellis,B. obovatum (Oudemans) M.B. Ellis,B. spilomeum (Berk. etBr.)Mason etHughes including three new speciesB. globosum Hol.-Jech.,B. pyriforme Hol.-Jech. andB. submoniliforme Hol.-Jech.     

A review of haliday species ofMicroctonus [Hym.: Braconidae,Euphorinae]

A neotype based on aWesmael specimen is designated forMicroctonus aethiops (Nees).M. aethiops of authors is described asaethiopoides, new species. Lectotypes are designated forM. secalis (Haliday) andcerealium (Haliday). The namecerealium is suppressed as a synonym of the namesecalis and the types ofsecalis andbrevicollis (Haliday) are redescribed.     

The systematic significance of seed morphology and anatomy in thePortulacaceae (Centrospermae)

Nyananyo B. L. (1988): The systematic significance of seed morphology and anatomy in thePortulacaceae (Centrospermae).—Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 23: 275–279.—The seeds of 115 species in eighteen genera of the familyPortulacaceae were examined with the scanning electron microscope. Longitudinal sections of seeds of representatives of all the genera were examined with the light microscope. Two broad groups based on shape of the seeds, ornamentation of the external surface of their testa, and the position of the embryo relative to the endosperm were recognised. The first group comprising three genera:Anacampseros L.,Grahamia Gillies andTalinopsis A. Gray, have seeds which are pyriform with wings and trichomes, and an embryo that is more or less parallel to the endosperm, while the second of fifteen genera:Calandrinia H.B.K.,Calyptridium Nuttall,Calyptrotheca Gilg,Ceraria Pearson etStephens,Claytonia L.,Lenzia Philippi,Lewisia Pursh,Lyallia Hooker fil.,Montia L.,Portulaca L.,Portulacaria Jacquin,Silvaea Philippi,Talinella Baillon,Talinum Adanson, andWangerinia Franz, are reniform without wings and with an embryo that is horse-shoe shaped around the endosperm.     

The trilobiteProtostygina and the composition of the Styginidae, with two new genera

The Styginidae is regarded as an exclusively Ordovician family of trilobites, separate from the Scutelluidae. The hitherto poorly known genusProtostygina Prantl &P?ibyl, 1949 is revised. It is recorded with certainty only from the Llanvirn of the Czech Republic, and the type species is a senior synonym of“Raymondaspis” rubensi rubensi P?ibyl &VANěK, 1968 and“R.” rubensi lybar ?najdr, 1976. Two new styginid genera are proposed:Cyrtocybe, with type species“Raymondaspis” turgida Whittington, 1965, is known from the upper Arenig and lower Llanvirn of Newfoundland, Maine and Norway; andPromargo, with type speciesP.forteyi n. sp., occurs in the Arenig of Newfoundland and Spitsbergen.Turgicephalus Fortey, 1980 is regarded as a junior synonym ofRaymondaspis P?ibyl inPrantl &P?ibyl, 1949. Three genera are excluded from the Styginidae:Kirkdomina Tripp, 1962,Pseudostygina Zhou inZhou et al., 1982 andStyginella P?ibyl &Vaněk, 1971.     

Further taxonomic notes onRubiaceae in Europe

Several new names and combinations of EuropeanRubiaceae, i.e.Galium andCruciata, are proposed. The nomenclatorial interpretation ofGalium saxatile L. (=G. harcynicum Weigel) andG. megalospermum All. (=G. helveticum Weigel) is clarified. Among important publications from the year 1806Willdenow, Sp. Pl.4(2) has priority overSibthorp etSmith, Prodr. Fl. Graec.1 (part 1).