中国藓类植物孢子类型的初步研究

在对中国藓类植物孢子形态结构的系统观察基础上,从孢子壁层结构及孢子形态角度将中国藓类孢子类型初步划分为9种类型。每种类型以代表属名命名,对每种类型的大小、颜色、形状、极性、萌发孔及孢壁结构进行了描述。孢子的大小、颜色和形状有时会随环境条件而改变,而极性、萌发孔及孢壁结构很稳定,在类型划分中更重要。     

五种藓类植物的孢子萌发与原丝体发育

本文对中华缩叶藓(Ptychomitrium sinense)、狭叶缩叶藓(P.linearifolium)、威氏缩叶藓(P.wilsonii)、葫芦藓(Funaria hygrometrica)和立碗藓(Physcomitrium sphaericum)5种国产藓类植物的孢子萌发和原丝体发育进行研究,结果表明不同藓类孢子萌发和原丝体发育类型不同,孢子萌发和原丝体发育方式与藓类植物的生态环境有关.     

五种藓类植物的孢子萌发与原丝体发育

本文对中华缩叶藓(Ptychomitrium sinense)、狭叶缩叶藓(P. linearifolium)、威氏缩叶藓(P．wilsonii)、葫芦藓(Funaria hygrometrica )和立碗藓(Physcomitrium sphaericum ) 5种国产藓类植物的孢子萌发和原丝体发育进行研究, 结果表明不同藓类孢子萌发和原丝体发育类型不同, 孢子萌发和原丝体发育方式与藓类植物的生态环境有关。     

中国蕨类植物孢子的形态Ⅶ . 桫椤科

对中国桫椤科(Cyatheaceae ) 11 种植物的孢子形态进行了扫描电镜的研究。桫椤科孢子辐射对称, 三裂缝, 裂缝长度达孢子半径的3/4 左右, 极面观三角形, 赤道面观为半圆形或扇形, 孢子极轴长为27～42μm, 赤道轴长为32～52μm。孢子表面纹饰是由周壁形成的, 可分为4 种类型, 即条纹状、疣状、刺条状、短刺状。根据孢子的形态特征, 对中国桫椤科孢子类型进行了划分, 对属的划分问题进行了探讨。     

中国蕨类植物孢子的形态Ⅶ.桫椤科

对中国桫椤科(Cyatheaceae)11种植物的孢子形态进行了扫描电镜的研究。桫椤科孢子辐射对称,三裂缝,裂缝长度达孢子半径的3/4左右,极面观三角形,赤道面观为半圆形或扇形,孢子极轴长为27~42μm,赤道轴长为32~52μm。孢子表面纹饰是由周壁形成的,可分为4种类型,即条纹状、疣状、刺条状、短刺状。根据孢子的形态特征,对中国桫椤科孢子类型进行了划分,对属的划分问题进行了探讨。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅱ. 中国蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物9属61种6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该科植物的孢子可分为3种类型：(1)孢子球形,三裂缝;周壁较厚,疏松地包在孢子之外;外壁光滑,表面纹饰由周壁形成,呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外,该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。(2)孢子钝三角形,三裂缝;周壁较薄,由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓,表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。(3)孢子钝三角形,三裂缝,沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰;周壁薄,由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓;具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外,从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。     

甘蓝根肿病菌的生物学特性研究

对甘蓝根肿病菌生物学特性研究表明,该菌休眠孢子萌发的最适温度24℃,最适pH值6.0-6.7,致死温度45℃,肿根腐烂处理可以显著提高萌发率,光对休眠孢子萌发有明显抑制作用。该菌休眠孢子在感病寄主的根分泌物溶液中萌发率最高,达75％,耐病甘蓝品种及番茄的根分泌物均能刺激休眠孢子萌发。通过电镜观察,根肿病菌休眠孢子为近球形,孢壁有乳状突起,直径2.1-3.1μm（平均直径2.5μm)。游动孢子为近球形或椭圆形,大小为1.6-3.6μm。同侧着生不等长尾鞭式双鞭毛。     

傅氏凤尾蕨配子体发育的研究

采用MS培养基、混合土和滤纸分别培养傅氏凤尾蕨孢子,对其配子体发育过程用显微镜作了详细观察。结果表明:孢子呈四面体形,大小为27.4μm×10.3μm,三裂缝。孢子萌发的早晚因培养方式不同而有差异,MS培养基培养需4天左右,混合土培养需1周左右,滤纸培养则要2周左右。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育类型为水蕨型。发育为片状体的时间也存在差异,MS培养基培养自接种后需22天左右,混合土培养需16天左右,而滤纸培养需40天左右。原叶体裸露,无毛状体。幼原叶体形状不规则,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。混合土培养自播种后4￣11周左右出现性器官,精子器近圆球形,成熟颈卵器颈部常向原叶体基部倾斜或弯曲。     

安徽蓼科植物花粉形态的研究

用光学显微镜对安徽省蓼属３８种３变种,酸模属３种,荞麦属１种,金线草属２种,大黄属１种,竹节蓼属１种的花粉形态进行了观察。除了前人报道的３７种外,其中１２种为首次报道。６属的花粉形态多类型,有球型,近球形,近长球形、扁球形、长球形;从萌发孔来看,有３－沟,３（－４）－孔沟,１２－散沟、３０－散沟、９－散孔沟、２０－３０－散孔;外壁纹饰有细网状,粗网状,皱块状,颗粒－穿孔、穿孔、微刺－穿孔－光滑、颗     

碎米藓属两种藓类植物孢子萌发与原丝体发育特征研究

为获取其孢子萌发类型与该属植物系统发育、生态选择以及生殖策略选择的相关性,该研究通过室内人工培养的方式,在微米量级下观察并描述了碎米藓属(Fabronia)碎米藓(F.pusilla)和东亚碎米藓(F.matsumurae)两种藓类植物孢子萌发、原丝体发育和配子体发生的过程.结果表明:(1)两种藓类植物孢子均为壁外萌发...     

球囊霉目一新种：长孢球囊霉

从福建厦门市郊芒果园、南靖县鳞苞锥和广西玉林市郊巨尾按根区采集的土样中分离到一个球囊霉属的新种——长孢球囊霉。本文描述了该种的形态特征及生态环境。     

Spore Morphology of Pteridophytes from China Ⅵ .Pteridaceae

The spore morphology of 30 species 4 variety of 2 genera of Pteridaceae from China was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM) . Among them, 29 species 4 variety belong to the genus Pteris . The spores of Pteris are trilete , radiosymmetrical , subtriangular in polar view and hemispherical or subhemispherical in equatorial view . The polar axes are 26 - 54μm long , and equatorial axes are 34 - 97μm long . The perispore is thin and the surface ornamentation is formed by the exospore . The types of ornamentation are tuberculiform-rugulate , verruciform-rugulate or lophate , the spore of most species with the equatoial flange, some species with proximal ridge and distal ridge . The spore morphology of Pteris is stable, and the difference between species is distinct , but the features of spore and sporophyte are not related. The spore of Histiopteris is monolete and bilaterally symmetrical, elliptical in polar view and kidney-shaped in equatorial view . The polar axes are 22 - 23μm long , and equatorial axes are 29 - 36 μm long . The perispore is thin and the surface ornamentation is formed by the exospore . The surface is rugulate . The spore morphology of Histiopteris and Pteris is very differential , put genus Histiopteris in family Pteridaceae is not suitable, according to the feature of spore morphology .     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅵ . 凤尾蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产凤尾蕨科( Pteridaceae ) 2 属30 种4 变种植物孢子进行了观察。其中凤尾蕨属( Pteris) 29 种4 变种, 孢子三裂缝, 辐射对称; 极面观为钝三角形, 赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形; 孢子极轴长26～54μm, 赤道轴长34～97μm; 外壁厚, 形成孢子表面纹饰的轮廓; 周壁薄, 紧贴于外壁上; 多数种类孢子外壁具沿赤道加厚的赤道环, 孢子表面呈瘤块状、疣块状, 或隆起的脊连成网状或拟网状等纹饰, 有的种类具近极脊和远极脊。凤尾蕨属植物孢子的形态稳定, 种间差异明显, 但孢子形态特征与孢子体的形态特征是不相关的。栗蕨属( Histiopteris) 植物孢子为单裂缝, 两侧对称, 极面观椭圆形, 赤道面观豆形; 孢子极轴长22～23μm, 赤道轴长29～36μm; 周壁很薄, 由外壁形成孢子纹饰的轮廓; 表面呈粗的块状纹饰。从孢子形态上看, 栗蕨属与凤尾蕨属有很大差异, 将其放在一个科中不合适。     

新疆曲尾藓属10种植物蒴齿和孢子的形态观察

该研究通过光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了曲尾藓属(Dicranum Hedw.)10种植物的蒴齿和孢子的形态特征。结果表明:(1)曲尾藓属10种植物的孢蒴均为圆柱形。(2)孢子球形、近球形、椭圆形或三角状卵形,颜色为黄色、棕色或黄褐色;近极面向内凹,纹饰为疣状、颗粒状或芽孢状。(3)曲尾藓属10种植物的蒴齿多为披针形,但也有阔披针形,颜色为杏黄色、深红色、褐黄色或红褐色;纹饰为条状或疣状,具穿孔成网状结构,一些种无穿孔成平滑结构,表面具细疣。该研究结果为曲尾藓属属下类群划分提供了分类依据,并为苔藓植物系统分类、演化研究提供基础资料。     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅰ.水龙骨科

该文是广西蕨类植物孢子形态研究的第一部分。首次利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产水龙骨科6属9种植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究。对每个种的孢子形态特征及表面纹饰进行了描述。水龙骨科6属9种植物孢子都为单裂缝类型孢子,孢子外壁表面具有皱状、细孔状、蠕虫状、瘤状、光滑、索状条纹和颗粒状纹饰7种纹饰类型。讨论了各属、种间的差异,为水龙骨科系统分类及孢粉学研究提供资料。     

Palynology of selected species of Fissidens (Hedw.)

Spores from 19 species of the subgenus Aloma Kindb. of the moss genus Fissidens were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Aloma is the largest subgenus of Fissidentaceae and is characterized by the presence of a peristome of scariosus type. The spores of the subgenus Aloma are present in monads, size small to very small, heteropolar, plano-convex, with a proximal aperture region, and the sporoderm is formed by a perine, exine, and intine. The intine is not stratified, the exine is psilate, and the perine granulated. The ornamentation elements may occur singly or grouped on the surface of the spore. The aperture region shows irregular contours, ranging from circular to elongated, due to the weakness of the sporoderm proximal pole. The observed variations among species are related to different patterns of distribution of the sporoderm granules and nanogranules. Quantitative analysis combined with qualitative results did not allow all species of the subgenus Aloma to be distinguished. The results of this study demonstrate that the spore is a useful tool for taxonomic studies, and suggest that its characters be included in phylogenetic analyses, to assist in the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of mosses.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SPOROGENESIS IN A MOSS,DITRICHUM PALLIDUM. III. SPORE WALL FORMATION

Ultrastructural evidence indicates that marked cytoplasmic polarity occurs during wall and aperture ontogeny in spores of the moss (Musci), Ditrchum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe. Shortly after cytokinesis, an extensive system of microtubules underlies the entire distal spore surface where exine deposition is initiated. These microtubules appear to be focused on the plastid. The apposition of slips nearly of membrane dimension contributes to the forming exine. As the lamellate exine thickens and extends to the proximal surface, the plastid and associated nucleus migrate to the proximal surface where an elaborate system of microtubules involved in aperture development is generated. The exine gradually loses its stratiform character, becoming homogenous and eventually papillate. At maturity, the spore wall consists of four layers, the outermost perine, the exine, a separating layer, and the intine. The aperture is a complex, localized modification of these layers on the proximal surface. It consists of a pore containing a fibrillar material surrounded by a thin annulus.     

八种青藓科植物蒴齿及孢子的超微形态研究

利用扫描电镜观察了八种青藓科植物孢子及蒴齿的形态,青藓科植物的孢子纹饰多以芽孢状和瘤状突起为主,孢子的大小、外壁纹饰的差异显示了不同种之间的遗传分化及系统演化。青藓属外齿层腹面中部分为四种类型:光滑无疣、颗粒状疣、短刺状小疣、棒状和芽孢状疣,外齿层中上部的特征属与属之间存在差异,该研究可为分类鉴定提供一定的依据。     

Spore morphology of some Bruchiaceae species (Bryophyta) from Brazil

The spores of Bruchia uleana, B. uruguensis, Eobruchia bruchioides, Trematodon ambiguus, T. aureus, T. brevifolius, T. longlcollis, T. reflexus and T. vaginatus were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The spore wall of the family Bruchiaceae includes sclerine (the distinction between exine and perine may be difficult to define) and intine. The aperture may be surrounded or not by one or more rings of ornamentation elements. Two basic types of spore were recognized: one characterized by a gemmoid surface and the other with elongated processes and two types of ornamentation in the apertural region. The spores of the taxa studied support the separation of the Bruchiaceae from the Dicranaceae.     

中国丛藓科六种植物孢子形态的研究

本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了丛藓科(Pottiaceae)六种孢子的形态特征。在近极薄壁区的有无及形状、外壁纹饰的细微结构及分布等方面有区别。显示了同科不同属(Genus)、种(Species)间的遗传分化。但六种孢子的形态、大小、外壁厚度等方面具有较大的相似性。从孢粉学角度证实丛藓科可能是一个自然分类群。从孢粉形态和萌发孔类型上分析,六种丛藓孢子比泥炭藓(Sphagnum)进化。从孢粉萌发孔演化方面看,与裸子植物和被子植物比较,苔藓的近极萌发孔是处于原始位置。