Genetic variation and population structuring in two brooding coral species (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Siderastrea stellata</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Siderastrea radians</Emphasis>) from Brazil

Siderastrea stellata and S. radians are scleractinian coral species that present a remarkable overlap of diagnostic characteristics and sympatric distribution. Moreover, both are viviparous with similar reproductive strategies and with a gregarious larval behavior. Samples of both species from the Brazilian coast were analyzed using 18 isozymic loci to quantify their genetic variability and populational structure. Results confirmed species identity, high intrapopulational variability and revealed moderate genetic structuring among all samples (S. stellata: F (ST) = 0.070; S. radians: F (ST) = 0.092). Based on genotypic diversity analysis, there was evidence that local recruitment may have a minor role in the populations (mean, G ( o ):G ( e )= 1.00 +/- 0.0003 SD for S. stellata and 0.99 +/- 0.0023 SD for S. radians). Deviations towards heterozygote deficiencies found in both Siderastrea species could be explained by the Wahlund effect, since there was evidence that populations might be composed of colonies of different ages. In S. radians it is also likely that there is some inbreeding occurring in the studied populations. Despite the brooding pattern and the gregarious larval behavior, our data suggest the occurrence of gene flow along the Brazilian coast. This is the first study on population genetics of Brazilian reef corals.     

HYBODONT SHARKS OF THE ENGLISH BATHONIAN AND CALLOVIAN (MIDDLE JURASSIC)

Abstract:  Recent bulk sampling and study of museum collections has revealed a high diversity of hybodont sharks from the English Bathonian, with 15 species being recognised. In addition, study of dental and skeletal material from the English Callovian has allowed the diagnosis of a new genus and species, Planohybodus peterboroughensis gen. et sp. nov., allowing the Bathonian species Hybodus grossiconus Agassiz to be referred to Planohybodus . Two additional new genera, Secarodus and Frangerodus , are erected for the Bathonian taxa Hybodus polyprion Agassiz and Strophodus lingualis Woodward, respectively. Egertonodus duffini sp. nov. is described and the diagnosis of Egertonodus based on dental material is discussed. The previously unrecorded Hybodus sp., Parvodus sp., and Lonchidion sp. are recognised but left in open nomenclature. Asteracanthus medius (Owen) is recorded in the British Bathonian for the first time, and the status of Bathonian nominal species of Asteracanthus are assessed. Bathonian hybodonts showed great diversity in trophic ecology and many of the species are specific to particular palaeoenvironments.     

An updated nomenclature for keratin-associated proteins (KAPs)

Most protein in hair and wool is of two broad types: keratin intermediate filament-forming proteins (commonly known as keratins) and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs). Keratin nomenclature was reviewed in 2006, but the KAP nomenclature has not been revised since 1993. Recently there has been an increase in the number of KAP genes (KRTAPs) identified in humans and other species, and increasingly reports of variation in these genes. We therefore propose that an updated naming system is needed to accommodate the complexity of the KAPs. It is proposed that the system is founded in the previous nomenclature, but with the abbreviation sp-KAPm-nL*x for KAP proteins and sp-KRTAPm-n(p/L)*x for KAP genes. In this system "sp" is a unique letter-based code for different species as described by the protein knowledge-based UniProt. "m" is a number identifying the gene or protein family, "n" is a constituent member of that family, "p" signifies a pseudogene if present, "L" if present signifies "like" and refers to a temporary "place-holder" until the family is confirmed and "x" signifies a genetic variant or allele. We support the use of non-italicised text for the proteins and italicised text for the genes. This nomenclature is not that different to the existing system, but it includes species information and also describes genetic variation if identified, and hence is more informative. For example, GenBank sequence JN091630 would historically have been named KRTAP7-1 for the gene and KAP7-1 for the protein, but with the proposed nomenclature would be SHEEP-KRTAP7-1*A and SHEEP-KAP7-1*A for the gene and protein respectively. This nomenclature will facilitate more efficient storage and retrieval of data and define a common language for the KAP proteins and genes from all mammalian species.     

On the nomenclature of Chinese drug “Cangzhu”

This paper is the documentation of specimens and literature reffered to Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. etc. As a result, it is found that, in taxonomy of the genus Atractylodes, what represcents by four long-established names, i. e. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., A. ovata (Thunb.) DC., A. chinensis (Bunge) Koidz. and A. lyrata Sieb. et Zucc., in fact, is the one and same species. According to the law of priority in nomenclature, the first name should be given to Chinese drug “Cangzhu”, while theother three names have to be treated as its synonyms.     

Systematic study of the genus Acetobacter with descriptions of Acetobacter indonesiensis sp. nov., Acetobacter tropicalis sp. nov., Acetobacter orleanensis (Henneberg 1906) comb. nov., Acetobacter lovaniensis (Frateur 1950) comb. nov., and Acetobacter estunensis (Carr 1958) comb. nov

Thirty-one Acetobacter strains obtained from culture collections and 45 Acetobacter strains isolated from Indonesian sources were investigated for their phenotypic characteristics, ubiquinone systems, DNA base compositions, and levels of DNA-DNA relatedness. Of 31 reference strains, six showed the presence of ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). These strains were eliminated from the genus Acetobacter. The other 25 reference strains and 45 Indonesian isolates were subjected to a systematic study and separated into 8 distinct groups on the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness. The known species, Acetobacter aceti, A. pasteurianus, and A. peroxydans are retained for three of these groups. New combinations, A. orleanensis (Henneberg 1906) comb. nov., A. lovaniensis (Frateur 1950) comb. nov., and A. estunensis (Carr 1958) comb. nov. are proposed for three other groups. Two new species, A. indonesiensis sp. nov. and A. tropicalis sp. nov. are proposed for the remaining two. No Indonesian isolates were identified as A. aceti, A. estunensis, and A. peroxydans. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences was carried out for representative strains from each of the groups. This supported that the eight species belonged to the genus Acetobacter. Several strains previously assigned to the species of A. aceti and A. pasteurianus were scattered over the different species. It is evident that the value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains comprising a new species should be determined for the establishment of the species. Thus current bacterial species without data of DNA-DNA relatedness should be reexamined for the stability of bacterial nomenclature.     

11株不同生态条件下的根瘤放线菌的形态特征

1 引言 自1978年由美国的Callaham等首次成功地从香蕨木根瘤中分离出Frankia的离体培养以来,使放线菌结瘤植物的研究领域有了突破性的进展,据报道,近10年国内外的研究者已从10个属植物根瘤中获得Frankia菌株的离体纯培养。我们于1981年由四川     

Typification and status of Amphiroa cryptarthrodia Zanardini (Lithophylloideae,Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

The status of the name Amphiroa cryptarthrodia Zanardini has been uncertain, and there has been a lack of stability in this species nomenclature, in part related to its poor taxonomic foundation. The species has been considered conspecific with Amphiroa verrucosa Kützing nom. illeg. Another suggested taxonomic synonym has been Amphiroa rubra (Philippi) Woelkering. A type specimen for A. cryptarthrodia appears never to have been designated and there are no illustrations of Zanardini's original collections housed in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Venezia (MCVE). In the present paper, a neotype of A. cryptarthrodia is designated, based on the study of Zanardini's authentic collections. A detailed morphological and anatomical account of the type specimen is provided and the diagnostic characters of the species are listed. Nomenclatural and taxonomic data and brief considerations of the relationships between A. cryptarthrodia and conspecific species are also provided. It is concluded that A. verrucosa Kützing is a heterotypic synonym. The name A. rubra (Philippi) Woelkerling should remain, pertaining solely to its type pending new investigations.     

Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi

Investigation of material of British smut fungi held in the national collections at kew (k) undertaken during preparation of the new checklist of British and Irish Basidiomycota (Legon et al. 2005) identified several species not hitherto known from the British Isles. These include taxa not previously recognised due to earlier, broader species concepts, as well as others based on earlier misidentifications or discovered during examination of herbarium material of their host plants. These taxa are fully reported here. In addition, amendments to nomenclature and taxonomy of other British species which have occurred since the monography by Mordue & Ainsworth (1984) are summarised.     

Some generic concepts in Compositae – Gnaphaliinae

The species of Gnaphalium, Helichrysum and related genera in southern Africa have been surveyed and a number of groups of allied species detected in which the ratio of female to hermaphrodite flowers ranges from a majority of female to a majority of hermaphrodite and in some groups there are even homogamous species. Thus, the failure of the old sex-ratio character used to separate Gnaphalium and Helichrysum is confirmed. The validity of these groupings has been tested by studying detailed characters such as the structure of the stereome (whether undivided or fenestrated) and the type of achenial hair, as well as the more usual floral characters. Most of these plants have leaves with flat or revolute margins and the occasional occurrence of involute margins is taxonomically important. Gnaphalium L. (type G. uliginosum L.) has been redefined to include Amphidoxa DC. and Demidium DC. (female flowers epappose) and species with more hermaphrodite flowers then female. The stereome is undivided. Helichrysum remains a massive and highly diverse genus and includes Leontonyx Cass. The stereome is normally fenestrated and the receptacle epaleate. One or two species have paleae, but Rhynea with receptacle paleate and stereome undivided is maintained. A small group of species with undivided stereomes, centred on H. marifolium D.C., has had to be retained in Helichrysum because of the existence of linking species. Undivided stereome and subglobose achenial hairs enjoin the transfer of H. vestitum (L.) Willd. and two allies, as well as the group of species centred on H. paniculatum (Thunb.) Thunb., to Helipterum, despite the lack of plumose pappus. Edmondia Cass. (H. sesamoides (L.) Willd.) with distinctive habit, involute leaves and no close relatives in Helichrysum is reinstated. Pseudognaphalium Kirp., to which only P. oxyphyllum (DC.) Kirp. had previously been assigned, is extended to include, in its typical subgenus, Hypelichrysum Kirp. and a number of American species of Gnaphalium, as well as the African G. undulatum L. and G. oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & Burtt, and the Asiatic G. hypoleucum DC. and G. chrysocephalum Franch. A new subgenus, Laphangium, is created to accommodate G. luteo-album L. and its allies. Achyrocline (Less.) DC. has been maintained, as is done in South America, and some African species placed under Helichrysum by Moesert 1910) are returned to it. Two new genera are recognized among gnaphalioid plants with undivided stereomes: Troglophyton (based on G. capillaceum Thunb.) with about seven species and Plecostachys (based on G. serpyllifolium Berg, and including G. polifolium Thunb.). Both genera straddle the old numerical boundary between Gnaphalium and Helichrysum. The monotypic Helichrysopsis Kirp. is maintained. Plants of gnaphalioid aspect with fenestrated stereomes necessitate a further new genus: Vellereophyton (type G. dealbatum Thunb., better known as G. candidissimum Lam.) with seven species. Eriosphaera Less, and Lasiopogon Cass, are redefined and enlarged to include species previously placed in Gnaphalium. Metalasia and Lachnospermum are redefined, with the transfer of the only large-headed species remaining in Metalasia to Lachnospermum. Two new genera are created for plants in this affinity previously misplaced in Helichrysum. Atrichantha is based on H. gemmiferum Bol. and one new species is described. Dolichothrix is established for the anomalous H. ericoides (Lam.) Pers. Ifloga is briefly investigated and it is shown that the distinction between sect. Ifloga and sect. Eutrichogyne Bentham must be based on characters of the capitulum, not just on annual versus subshrubby habit. Lasiopogon molluginoides DC. (=Comptonanthus Nordenstam) is transferred to Ifloga and the structure of the capitulum in the genus is discussed. Some earlier work on this group of plants is briefly summarized, the phytogeographical interest of the proposed arrangement is discussed and some general conclusions offered.     

New insights on the phylogeny of Tectaria (Tectariaceae), with special reference to Polydictyum as a distinct lineage

The fern genus Tectaria (Tectariaceae) Cav. is morphologically diverse and difficult in terms of recognizing species and species groups. To infer the systematic positions of some species and identity-unknown collections with special morphological characters, we undertook phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of five plastid regions (atpB, ndhF + ndhF-trnL, rbcL, rps16-matK + matK, and trnL-F). Three analysis methods (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Tectaria. The most surprising result is that T. menyanthidis (C. Presl) Copel., T. ternata (Baker) Copel., and T. variabilis Tardieu & Ching are revealed to represent a distinct lineage from Tectaria, which should be called Polydictyum C. Presl, and is supported as sister to Pteridrys C. Chr. & Ching. Other accessions of Tectaria are well resolved into four major clades, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. Of the four clades, Clade II (T. subtriphylla (Hook. & Arn.) Copel. group) is unpredictable, with morphologically very diverse species clustered there, and is supposed to be a minor evolutionary line within Tectaria in the Old World. In addition, the position of the climbing genus Arthropteris J. Sm. and the utility of molecular data in recognizing species of Tectaria are briefly discussed. As a conclusion, we formally reinstate the genus Polydictyum by providing diagnostic characters, key to species, nomenclature, and information of detailed distribution and habitat for the currently known three species.     

Lectotypification of Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. and B. aphylla var. viridis DC. (Buxbaumiaceae)

Abstract

The two species of Buxbaumia Hedw. known to occur in Europe were both originally discovered on this continent and were the earliest in the genus (as presently delimited) to be described. Already widely known, Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw., was validated by Johannes Hedwig in 1801, whereas B. viridis (DC.) Moug. & Nestl. was initially described as a variety of B. aphylla by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1815. After two centuries in the bryological literature, these taxa are herein effectively typified. Lectotypes for the names B. aphylla and B. viridis are designated based on original herbarium sheets from the Hedwig-Schwägrichen and De Candolle collections in G.     

中国太宇谷蛾属分类研究(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)(英文)

记述中国太宇谷蛾属Gerontha Walker10种,其中有4新种:拟华太宇谷蛾G.similihoenei sp.nov.,喙太宇谷蛾G.rostriformis sp.nov.,梯缘太宇谷蛾G.trapezia sp.nov.,褶太宇谷蛾G.rugulosa sp.nov.和3新纪录种:暹罗太宇谷蛾G.siamensis Moriuti,1989(图7,17～18)、清迈太宇谷蛾G.nawapuriensis Moriuti,1989(图8,19)、钻太宇谷蛾G.borea Moriuti,1977(图9,20).首次发现和报道了弯茎太宇谷蛾Gerontha flexura Huang et al .(图6,15-16)和暹罗太宇谷蛾G.siamensis Moriuti的雌性个体.文中给出了所有中国种的检索表.研究标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.     

Some corrections in Haemogregarine (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) nomenclature

The nomenclature of three genera in the family Haemogregarinidae (Haemogregarina, Karyolysus, and Hepatozoon) has been reviewed and the following new names are introduced to replace homonyms or for previously unnamed species: haemogregarina carlosi n. nom., in the erythrocytes of the lizard Lacerta ocellata; Haemogregarina tincae n. nom., in the stomach and intestine of the tench Tinca tinca; Hepatozoon insectivorae n. sp., in the leucocytes of the shrews Sorex araneus and Crocidura leucodon; Hepatozoon krampitzi n. sp., in the leucocytes of the vole Microtus oeconomus; Hepatozoon peromysci n. sp., in the leucocytes of the deermice Peromyscus boylii and P. truei gilberti; and Hepatozoon pallida (Pessoa et al., 1971) n. comb., in the erythrocytes of the snake Thamnodynastes pallidus nattereri.     

The genus Grimpoteuthis (Octopoda: Grimpoteuthidae) in the north-east Atlantic, with descriptions of three new species

The systematics and distribution of the cirrate octopod genus Grimpoteuthis in the north-east Atlantic are reviewed. Three new species are described and Grimpoteuthis wuelkeri (Grimpe, 1920) is redescribed. A new generic diagnosis is proposed. Five species of Grimpoteuthis are recognized in the north-east Atlantic. The type species, G. umbellata (Fisher, 1883) is known only from the type specimen, which is in such poor condition that comparison with recently captured material was not possible. G. wuelkeri is a large, slope species, caught between 1600 m and 2200 m in the north-east and north-west Atlantic. Of the three new species, both G. boylei and G. challengeri are large abyssal species. G. boylei is found in the north-east Atlantic at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) and the Madeira Abyssal Plain and may be found at abyssal depths throughout the north-east Atlantic. G. challengeri is known from the PAP, with a single specimen from the north-west Atlantic. G. discoveryi is a small, lower slope and abyssal species found in the north-east Atlantic. The Grimpoteuthis species can be separated based on shell form, presence of a radula and posterior salivary glands, arrangement of suckers and cirri and gill morphology. Two species, G. megaptera Verrill and G. plena Verrill, have been described from the north-west Atlantic, but the types are either lost ( G. megaptera ) or in poor condition ( G. plena ), hindering comparisons. Material examined from the north-west Atlantic included G. wuelkeri , G. challengeri and at least two other species.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 139 , 93−127.